翻譯名義集 4.6

4.6

【Vinaya】 Also *bǐní*. Master Kumārajīva said: "*Vinaya* is in the language of Qin 'good governance' (*shànzhì*). It means governing one's own lust, anger, and delusion, and also being able to govern the evils of sentient beings." The *Yuanjue chao* states: "Here it is translated as taming and subduing (*tiáofú*). It means training the three karmas and subduing errors and misdeeds. Training applies to both cessation and action; subduing strictly elucidates the cessation of evil. In terms of the practice that is explained, it reveals the name 'treasury of taming and subduing'." The *Sijiao yi* states: "Here it is translated as extinction (*miè*). It means the Buddha taught active and non-active precepts, which can extinguish the evils of body and speech; therefore it is called extinction." The *Yuanjue lüechao* states: "Extinction has three meanings: first, extinguishing karmic errors (Treatise fascicle 1 states: 'Because it extinguishes evil, it is called *vinaya*'); second, extinguishing afflictions (the Vinaya states: 'The Bhagavat, in order to tame greed, hatred, and delusion to cause them to be ended, established the higher training in precepts'); third, obtaining the fruit of extinction (the *Prātimokṣa Sūtra* states: 'When precepts are pure and there is wisdom, one immediately attains the supreme path')." Nanshan said: "Translating *vinaya* as extinction takes its name from its function; it is not the primary translation. The primary translation is 'discipline' (*lǜ*). Discipline is law (*fǎ*); it takes its name from the teaching. Severing and settling between grave and light, permitting and prohibiting, keeping and violating—without law, these are not determined. In the mundane world there are nine lineages of thought, and the Legalist lineage is one among them; thus worldly statutes and laws are all formulated around penal codes. The sacred path diverges from the mundane, and so criminal designations differ; yet when it comes to passing judgment, it must rely on constant law." The *Guxiang* states: "The term for law and statutes (*fǎlǜ*) in this land was used to translate the word *vinaya* of that land. Discipline (*lǜ*) means deliberation (*quán*)—deliberating the weight of offenses, whether there is a violation or non-violation, and so forth." The *Fengsu tong* states: "The 'Counsels of Gaoyao' [records that] the Yu dynasty instituted penal laws. *Lǜ* is glossed as deliberation and glossed as law." The *Shangshu dazhuan* states: "Great is the grand law (*lǜ*) of Heaven." The commentary states: "To receive the grand law (*fǎ*) of Heaven. *Fǎ* is also *lǜ*." The name *lǜ* in this land began in the era of Shun; in the Han dynasty Xiao He made the Nine Chapters, gradually distinguishing the grave, light, and detailed points. The *Xiyu ji* states: "For the Vinaya Piṭaka, the old erroneous form was *bǐnàyē*."