翻譯名義集 5.13

5.13

[Mukti] This translates as 'liberation'. Jingxi's Jingming ji states: "When one is actively applying effort, the upper character may be pronounced with the fanqie gu-mai [gai, 解], and the lower with chi-huo [che, 脫]. On the day one's effort succeeds, the upper character should be pronounced with hu-jia [xia, 解], and the lower with tu-huo [tuo, 脫]." The Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom states: "Regarding 'liberation knowledge-and-vision' (vimukti-jñāna-darśana): using this liberation knowledge-and-vision, one knows the two aspects of liberation—conditioned and unconditioned liberation. One knows all aspects of liberation, namely: temporary liberation, non-temporary liberation, liberation through wisdom, liberation through both [wisdom and concentration], destructible liberation, indestructible liberation, inconceivable liberation, unobstructed liberation, and so on. Discerning all aspects of liberation firmly is called non-diminution of liberation knowledge-and-vision (and so forth)." Question: "Why does liberation knowledge-and-vision not just say 'knowledge' (jñāna)? Why does it also say 'vision' (darśana)?" Answer: "By saying both knowledge and vision, the matter is made firm. It is like two strands of a rope joined together into one being firm and strong. Furthermore, if one only spoke of knowledge, it would not subsume all wisdom. As explained in the Abhidharma, wisdom is of three kinds: there is knowledge that is not vision; there is vision that is not knowledge; and there is that which is both knowledge and vision. Knowledge that is not vision includes: the knowledge of destruction (kṣayajñāna), the knowledge of non-arising (anutpādajñāna), and wisdom associated with the five consciousnesses. Vision that is not knowledge includes: the eight patiences (kṣānti), worldly right view, and the five wrong views. That which is both knowledge and vision includes: all the remaining wisdoms. If one speaks of knowledge, it does not subsume vision; if one speaks of vision, it does not subsume knowledge. Therefore, speaking of knowledge-and-vision makes it complete."