開元釋教錄 11.19

11.19

Mahāvaipulya Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra, thirty fascicles.
Translated in Guzang by Dharmakṣema, Indian Tripiṭaka Master of the Northern Liang (third translation; of the three translations, two are lost).
I respectfully note: The record of the Mahāsaṃnipāta by the Liang śramaṇa Sengyou states that it has twelve sections of exposition, which together constitute one sūtra: 1. Necklace Chapter; 2. Dhāraṇīśvararāja Chapter; 3. Ratnakanyā Chapter; 4. Animisa Chapter; 5. Sāgaramati Chapter; 6. Anabhilāpya Chapter; 7. Ineffable Chapter; 8. Ākāśagarbha Chapter; 9. Ratnaketu Section; 10. Ākāśanetra Section; 11. Ratnacūḍa Chapter; 12. Akṣayamati Chapter. Now, examining the text of the sūtra, it differs from You's record: 1. Dhāraṇīśvararāja Bodhisattva Chapter (some texts also divide it to make the Necklace Chapter, but that is not so; this is one single section and should not be divided into two; the later Mahākaruṇā Sūtra is indeed this chapter); 2. Ratnakanyā Chapter; 3. Animisa Bodhisattva Chapter; 4. Sāgaramati Bodhisattva Chapter; 5. Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva Chapter; 6. Anabhilāpya Bodhisattva Chapter; 7. Ineffable Bodhisattva Chapter; 8. Ratnaketu Section; 9. Ākāśanetra Section; 10. Ratnacūḍa Bodhisattva Chapter; 11. Sūryaguhya Section (investigating the various catalogues, this Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra has no fixed count of fascicles: some say 29, some say 30, or 31, or 32, or 40 fascicles; present-day Mahāsaṃnipāta texts mostly have 30 fascicles, but the text of its Sūryaguhya Section is incomplete, being about one fascicle short; the 31-fascicle text should be fully complete, but searching for it now, it has not been obtained). However, that Sengyou's record lacks the Sūryaguhya Section and has the Akṣayamati Chapter is incorrect. Now, although the Akṣayamati Sūtra is a separate section of the Mahāsaṃnipāta, it was not translated by Dharmakṣema. Moreover, its sequence does not belong here, so it should not be included. As for the Ākāśagarbha Chapter being placed by You after the Ineffable [Chapter], the reason is not yet clear. Now, from the Dhāraṇīśvararāja Chapter to the Sūryaguhya Section, there are eleven sections in total. The Sūryagarbha Sūtra is another translation of the same original as the Sūryaguhya Section, and is also the eleventh section (the beginnings of both the Sūryaguhya and Sūryagarbha say that after expounding the Ākāśanetra nectar gate of ānāpāna, this sūtra was expounded next. Furthermore, since the Sūryaguhya Section was expounded after Ākāśanetra, by right reason it should not be separated by the Ratnacūḍa Chapter; current texts have this chapter intervening, for which the reason is not yet clear. Moreover, although the Sūryaguhya and Sūryagarbha are from the same original, the text of the Sūryaguhya Section is extremely abridged and its latter text is also missing, being about a fascicle or more short). The Candragarbha Sūtra is the twelfth section (some texts have the title 'Mahāyāna Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra, Candragarbha Section, the Twelfth'; the beginning of the sūtra also states that after converting the naga hosts and expounding the Sūryagarbha Sūtra, this sūtra was expounded next). The Daśacakra Sūtra is the thirteenth section (the beginning states that after expounding the Candragarbha Sūtra, this sūtra was expounded next; the fourteenth section following this Daśacakra remains in the Western regions and has not circulated here). The Sumerugarbha Sūtra is the fifteenth section (the beginning of the sūtra has the title 'Mahāyāna Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra, Sumerugarbha Section, the Fifteenth'). The sixteenth section should be the Ākāśagarbha Sūtra (the beginning states that after bestowing the prophecy on the teachings of Śrīmahādevī, this sūtra was expounded next. However, the Sumerugarbha Sūtra was only expounded by the Tathāgata because of Śrīmahādevī's questions, so we know this sūtra should follow it). The Sūryagarbha Sūtra was first expounded in the Kalandaka Bamboo Grove, then [the Buddha] ascended to the peak of Mount Sumeru, and later, at the invitation of the nāgas, went to Mount Kharapradiya. The Candragarbha and the other three sūtras were all expounded on Mount Kharapradiya. Such is the sequence. As for the Buddhānusmṛtisamādhi, Bhadrapāla, Upāyakauśalyarāja, and Akṣayamati sūtras and so forth, although they are separate sections of the Mahāsaṃnipāta, since their order is unknown, it is difficult to arrange them. However, when the Sui monk Sengjiu compiled the combined Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra, he took the Mingdu wushi jiaoji jing under the title 'Ten Directions Bodhisattvas Chapter' and placed it after the Candragarbha, together with the Akṣayamati Sūtra, making 58 fascicles; this was erroneous. Since there is no authority for it, I do not follow him (among the combined Mahāsaṃnipāta texts there are also those in 60 fascicles, where fascicles 31 and 32 duplicate the Ratnacūḍa Chapter to make up sixty; that Ratnacūḍa Chapter is already present before Sūryaguhya in fascicles 26 and 27, so why it is compiled again here is unclear; furthermore, the Sanskrit texts of Sūryaguhya and Sūryagarbha do not differ, yet compiling and recording them redundantly is an extreme error). If one wishes to combine them: removing the Sūryaguhya Section from the aforementioned Mahāsaṃnipāta leaves 27 fascicles; substitute the Sūryagarbha Section in its place to continue the sequence (although the Sanskrit texts of Sūryaguhya and Sūryagarbha are the same, the text in the Sūryaguhya Section is abridged and deficient, so it is substituted with the Sūryagarbha); next comes the Candragarbha; next the Kṣitigarbha-daśacakra (the Tang translation in ten fascicles); next the Sumerugarbha; next the Ākāśagarbha. Although the order of exposition for the latter four sūtras is unknown, combining them by reasonable judgment will likely be without error: after Ākāśagarbha, next the Buddhānusmṛtisamādhi (using the Song translation in six fascicles, as the Sui translation in ten fascicles lacks the last two chapters); next Bhadrapāla; next Upāyakauśalyarāja; and finally Akṣayamati, making 80 fascicles in total, which would also be fitting (the opening title of the Akṣayamati Sūtra says 'Akṣayamati Bodhisattva Expounds the Chapter on Inexhaustible Meaning, the Thirty-second, in the Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra'—the chapter is indeed the section, making it the thirty-second section; but that Sengyou's record places it after the Ratnacūḍa Chapter, and Sengjiu's combined Mahāsaṃnipāta places it at the very end, are clearly mistakes. Furthermore, there is the Suvikrāntacintidevaputraparipṛcchā-sūtra: examining its text and meaning, it should be a separate section of the Mahāsaṃnipāta, but it is now already incorporated into the Mahāratnakūṭa and cannot be doubly recorded, so it is omitted here).
Mahāvaipulya Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūryagarbha Sūtra, ten fascicles (or fifteen fascicles; one case; the eleventh section).
Translated by Narendrayaśas, Indian Tripiṭaka Master of the Sui (same text as Sūryaguhya; counts as the fourth translation).
The one sūtra above is another translation of the same original as the Sūryaguhya Section at the end of the previous Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra (the text of Sūryaguhya is brief, while this one is somewhat more extensive).
Mahāsaṃnipāta Candragarbha Sūtra, ten fascicles (or fifteen fascicles; one case; the twelfth section).
Translated by Narendrayaśas, Indian Tripiṭaka Master of the Northern Qi (sole translation).
Mahāyāna Mahāsaṃnipāta Daśacakra-kṣitigarbha Sūtra, ten fascicles (the thirteenth section; one case).
Translated by Xuanzang, Tripiṭaka Master of the Great Tang (recorded in the Neidian Lu; second translation).
Mahāvaipulya Daśacakra Sūtra, eight fascicles.
Anonymous translation (now appended to the Northern Liang catalogue; first translation).
The two sūtras above are different translations of the same text (the Great Zhou Catalogue says the old Daśacakra Sūtra was translated by Dharmakṣema, citing Changfang's catalogue; but checking Changfang's catalogue of canonical texts, it actually says it is an anonymous translation, so the Zhou catalogue is mistaken).
Mahāsaṃnipāta Sumerugarbha Sūtra, two fascicles (the fifteenth section).
Translated jointly by Narendrayaśas, Indian Tripiṭaka Master of the Northern Qi, and Fazhi (sole translation). The above two works, in ten fascicles, are in the same case.
Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva Sūtra, one fascicle (or without the word 'Bodhisattva').
Translated by Buddhayaśas, Tripiṭaka Master of Jibin, of the Yao Qin (translated upon returning to Jibin and sent to the Qin state; first translation).
Dhāraṇī Sūtra of Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva, one fascicle.
Translated by Dharmamitra, Tripiṭaka Master of Jibin, of the Song (third translation).
Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva Sūtra, two fascicles (should be the sixteenth section).
Translated by Jñānagupta and others, Indian Tripiṭaka Master of the Sui (fourth translation).
The three sūtras above are different translations of the same text (four translations in all; one translation is lost).
Sūtra on the Contemplation of Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva, one fascicle (also titled Ākāśagarbha Contemplation Sūtra, or without the word 'Contemplation').
Translated by Dharmamitra, Tripiṭaka Master of Jibin, of the Song (sole translation).
Bodhisattva Buddhānusmṛtisamādhi Sūtra, six fascicles (or without the word 'Bodhisattva').
Translated jointly by the Indian śramaṇa Guṇabhadra and Xuanchang of the Song (first translation).
The above five works, in eleven fascicles, are in the same case.
Mahāvaipulya Mahāsaṃnipāta Bodhisattva Buddhānusmṛtisamādhi Sūtra, ten fascicles (one case).
Translated by Dharmagupta, Indian Tripiṭaka Master of the Sui (recorded in the Neidian Lu; second translation).
The two sūtras above are different translations of the same text (compared to the earlier sūtra, the Sui translation lacks the final chapter, so its text is incomplete).
Pratyutpanna-samādhi Sūtra, three fascicles (or with the word 'Mahā' prefixed, or in two fascicles).
Translated by Lokakṣema, Yuezhi Tripiṭaka Master of the Later Han (first translation).
Bhadrapāla Bodhisattva Sūtra, one fascicle (also named Bhadrapāla).
Sengyou's catalogue calls it Dao'an's archaic classical sūtra (this is a different translation of the first four chapters of the Pratyutpanna Sūtra; fifth translation, now appended to the Han catalogue).
Mahāvaipulya Mahāsaṃnipāta Bhadrapāla Sūtra, five fascicles (also called simply Bhadrapāla Sūtra, or in six fascicles).
Translated by Jñānagupta and others, Indian Tripiṭaka Master of the Sui (seventh translation).
The three sūtras above are different translations of the same text (seven translations in all; four translations are lost).
The above three works, in nine fascicles, are in the same case.
Akṣayamati Sūtra, seven fascicles (in the Jin [language], Akṣayamati; or in four or five fascicles).
Translated by Dharmarakṣa, Tripiṭaka Master of the Western Jin (third translation).
Akṣayamati Bodhisattva Sūtra, six fascicles (also called Akṣayamati Sūtra; extracted from the Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra).
Translated jointly by the Liangzhou śramaṇas Zhiyan and Baoyun of the Song (fourth translation).
The two sūtras above are different translations of the same text (five translations in all; three translations are lost).
The above two works, in thirteen fascicles, are in the same case.
Mahāsaṃnipāta Upāyakauśalyarāja Sūtra, two fascicles (a separate chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta).
Translated by Jñānagupta and others, Indian Tripiṭaka Master of the Sui (supplemented and compiled in as a sole translation).
Mahākaruṇā Sūtra, eight fascicles (or titled Tathāgata-mahākaruṇā Sūtra, or in six or seven fascicles).
Translated by Dharmarakṣa, Tripiṭaka Master of the Western Jin.
The one sūtra above is another translation of the opening Dhāraṇīśvararāja Bodhisattva Chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra (corresponding from the beginning of the first fascicle to halfway through the fifth fascicle).
The above two works, in ten fascicles, are in the same case.
Ratnakanyāparipṛcchā Sūtra, three fascicles (also called Ratnakanyā-prajñāparipṛcchā Sūtra, or in four fascicles).
Translated by Dharmarakṣa, Tripiṭaka Master of the Western Jin.
The one sūtra above is another translation of the Ratnakanyā Chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra (corresponding from the middle of the fifth fascicle to before the middle of the seventh fascicle).
Mūkavatsa Sūtra, two fascicles (or called Mūkabodhisattva Sūtra, or in one fascicle).
Translated by Dharmarakṣa, Tripiṭaka Master of the Western Jin.
The one sūtra above is another translation of the Anabhilāpya Chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra (corresponding from the middle of the seventeenth fascicle to more than halfway through the eighteenth fascicle).
Īśvararāja Bodhisattva Sūtra, two fascicles.
Translated by Kumārajīva, Tripiṭaka Master of the Yao Qin, at the Xiaoyao Garden (first translation).
Vikurvaṇarājaparipṛcchā Sūtra, two fascicles.
Translated by the Brahmin Gautama Prajñāruci and others of the Northern Wei (recorded in the preface; second translation).
The two sūtras above are different translations of the same text (the preface to the Vikurvaṇarāja Sūtra says: 'In the fourth year of the Xinghe era of the Wei, the year being renxu, in the seventh month whose first day was yichou, on the jiawu day, the text was opened and the brush begun; the śramaṇa Tanlin and Gautama Prajñāruci translated it at the mansion of Gao, Minister of the Department of State Affairs and Equal in Honor to the Three Excellencies; it has 18,341 characters in total.' Various catalogues all say it was translated by Bodhiruci, which is mistaken; we now take the preface as standard. Furthermore, the Neidian Lu states that the above two sūtras are variant translations extracted from the Dhāraṇīśvararāja Bodhisattva Chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra, but that is not so: examining their literary purport, they are vastly different; they could only be distinct sections of the Mahāsaṃnipāta. Or perhaps these two sūtras are not sections of the Mahāsaṃnipāta at all, but since previous catalogues all termed them variant translations extracted from the Dhāraṇīśvararāja Chapter, although collating them reveals they are not identical, they are tentatively recorded at the end of the Mahāsaṃnipāta).
The above four works, in nine fascicles, are in the same case.
Ratnolkādhāraṇī Sūtra, ten fascicles (or in eight fascicles; one case).
Translated by Prabhākaramitra, Indian Tripiṭaka Master of the Great Tang (recorded in the Neidian Lu; sole translation).
The one sūtra above: The Neidian Lu says it is a distinct section of the Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra (respectfully examining the Ratnaketu Section in the aforementioned Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra, the Buddha re-expounded this Ratnolkādhāraṇī Sūtra in the great gem hall between the desire and form realms; therefore, the beginning of the Ratnaketu Section states: 'The Buddha, in the great gem hall between the desire and form realms, addressed the great assembly, saying: "Formerly, when I first attained bodhi, I dwelt in the Kalandaka Bamboo Grove at Rājagṛha. At that time, there were two wise men in the city, the first named Upatiṣya, the second named Kolita..."'—and sequentially through to the end, the textual meaning is entirely the same. This sūtra can be regarded as a repeated exposition, but not as a retranslation. Furthermore, old catalogues include the Ratnacūḍabodhisattvaparipṛcchā Sūtra, which is a variant translation of the Ratnacūḍa Chapter; it is now compiled into the Ratnakūṭa as the forty-seventh assembly, and being entered there, is not recorded again here. There is also an Ākāśagarbha Sūtra in eight fascicles, which upon examination is no different text, but merely an extract of the Ākāśagarbha Chapter circulating independently. There is also the Ākāśagarbha-pṛcchā-dhāraṇī-sūtra-puṇya-sūtra, said to be a distinct passage extracted from the Ākāśagarbha Chapter; since it is an extracted text, it has been removed and not catalogued. Furthermore, in both the Neidian Lu and the Great Zhou Catalogue, there is another Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra in eight fascicles; examining its text, it is simply the sixth case of the combined Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra: the first two fascicles are named 'Ten Directions Bodhisattvas Chapter', which is actually the Mingdu wushi jiaoji jing, included here for unknown reasons; the latter six fascicles are indeed the Akṣayamati Sūtra. Being superfluous and duplicative, it has also been removed and not catalogued).