金剛般若經疏 1.10

1.10

次合解如是復有六釋。一肇法師云。如是者信順之詞。信則所言理順。順則師資之言成。詞無繁約。非信不傳。則經別建言如是。二真諦記云。如是者決定義。決定有二。一文二理。三興皇法師云。如是者是無差異義。四法智信涅槃云。如是者阿難自明云詞也。金口所說旨深意遠。非所仰測。而章句始末正自如是也。五淫公云。以離五謗名為如是。第一句如是。此經離執有增益。第二句如是。此經離執無損減謗。第三句如是。此經離執亦有亦無相違謗。第四句如是。此經離執非有非無愚癡謗。第五句如是。此經離執非非者非非無戲論謗。六智論第一云。如是義者即是信也。不信者言是事不如是。後帶我聞以釋如是復有五釋。一光宅法師云。如是者將傳聞前題舉一部。如是一部我親從佛聞。即為我聞作呼轍耳。二惠明云。如是者直指之詞。謂如是之經。我從聞非自造也。三功德施論云。如是我聞者。顯示此經是也。世尊現覺而說非自所作。四佛地論云。如是總言依四義轉。一依譬喻。謂當所說如是文句如是我昔聞。二依教海。謂告時眾如是當聽我昔所聞。三依問答。謂有問言。汝當所說昔定問耶。故此答言如是我聞。四依許可。謂結集時。諸菩薩眾咸共請言。如汝所聞當如是說。傳法菩薩便許。彼言如是當說如我所聞。又如是言信可審定。謂如是法我昔曾聞。此事如是。齊此當說定無有異。五菩提流支依金剛仙論。一發心如是。二教化如是。三譬喻如是。四決定如是。發心如是者。自念我當如是發菩提心修諸善行。教示言汝當如是發菩提修諸善行。譬喻如是。人如是威德熾盛如日光明。智慧流廣猶如大海。決定如是者。我如是見我如是聞等。今言如是但取第四決定如是。演曰。此之四種。如次即當佛地所說許可教海譬喻問答。思唯可智。總別凡有二十家釋。

Next, regarding the combined explanation of 'thus', there are further six interpretations: 1. Master Zhao says: 'Thus' is an expression of faithful compliance. When there is faith, the words accord with principle; when there is compliance, the words of teacher and disciple are established. Expressions are neither verbose nor concise; without faith it is not transmitted. Thus sūtras specifically establish the word 'thus'. 2. Paramārtha's notes say: 'Thus' means determination. Determination has two aspects: 1. text and 2. principle. 3. Master Xinghuang says: 'Thus' means being without difference. 4. Fazhi's Xin Niepan says: 'Thus' is Ānanda's own expression of clarification. What was spoken by the Golden Mouth has profound purport and far-reaching intent, not to be fathomed from below; yet the chapters and phrases from beginning to end were precisely thus. 5. Master Yin says: Transcending five slanderous views is called 'thus': The first phrase 'thus' means this sūtra is free from the exaggeration of clinging to existence. The second phrase 'thus' means this sūtra is free from the depreciation of clinging to non-existence. The third phrase 'thus' means this sūtra is free from the contradiction of clinging to both existence and non-existence. The fourth phrase 'thus' means this sūtra is free from the ignorance of clinging to neither existence nor non-existence. The fifth phrase 'thus' means this sūtra is free from the proliferation of clinging to non-non-existence. 6. The first fascicle of the Upadeśa [Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa] says: The meaning of 'thus' is faith itself; one without faith says, 'This matter is not thus.' Finally, explaining 'thus' in connection with 'have I heard', there are further five interpretations: 1. Master Guangzhai says: 'Thus' brings up the entire text prior to transmitting what was heard. 'Such an entire work, I personally heard from the Buddha'—it merely serves as a prelude to 'have I heard'. 2. Huiming says: 'Thus' is a term of direct reference, meaning: 'A sūtra such as this, I received by hearing, not composing it myself.' 3. Guṇaprabha's treatise says: 'Thus have I heard' demonstrates that this sūtra is correct; the World-Honoured One, having directly awakened, expounded it, and it was not fabricated by oneself. 4. The Buddhabhūmyupadeśa says: The general expression 'thus' functions according to four meanings: 1. based on simile, meaning that such sentences as are about to be expounded are thus what I heard in the past; 2. based on an ocean of teaching, meaning announcing to the assembly at that time: 'Listen thus to what I heard in the past'; 3. based on questions and answers, meaning someone asks: 'Was what you are about to expound definitely heard in the past?' Therefore this answers: 'Thus have I heard'; 4. based on consent, meaning that at the time of compilation, the assembly of bodhisattvas all requested together: 'Just as you heard, you should speak thus.' The bodhisattva transmitting the Dharma then consented to them, saying: 'I shall speak thus as I have heard.' Furthermore, the word 'thus' signifies faithful verification, meaning: 'A Dharma such as this I once heard in the past; this matter is thus, and up to this point I shall speak definitely without difference.' 5. Bodhiruci, relying on the Vajrarṣi-śāstra, [gives four]: 1. aspiration is thus; 2. instruction is thus; 3. simile is thus; 4. determination is thus. 'Aspiration is thus' means thinking to oneself: 'I shall thus resolve upon bodhi and cultivate all good practices.' 'Instruction' means saying: 'You should thus resolve upon bodhi and cultivate all good practices.' 'Simile is thus' means a person whose majestic virtue is blazing like the sun's radiance, and whose wisdom flows broadly like the great ocean. 'Determination is thus' means: 'I have thus seen, I have thus heard,' etc. In the present phrase 'thus', only the fourth, 'determination is thus', is taken. The Exegesis says: These four kinds, in order, correspond to consent, the ocean of teaching, simile, and question-and-answer as expounded in the Buddhabhūmi[-upadeśa]; by reflection this can be understood. In general and in particular, there are twenty explanations by various masters altogether.