維摩經疏 1.2

1.2

Below, one's own benefit (svārtha) is explained. Therein, first the virtue of abandonment (prahāṇa-guṇa) is explained; from 'their minds are constantly peaceful' onward, the virtue of practice (cāritra-guṇa) is explained. In the previous virtue of abandonment, 'completely purified' explains their mastery and antidote, while 'forever free from the nīvaraṇas and so forth' shows their freedom from obstacles. Furthermore, 'completely purified' explains freedom from evil karma; when both principal [defilements] and residual habituations are extinguished, this is called 'completely purified'. 'Forever free from the nīvaraṇas and paryavasthānas' explains the absence of kleśas. 'Nīvaraṇa' refers to the five pañcanīvaraṇas: sensual desire, ill-will, torpor-and-drowsiness, restlessness-and-remorse, and doubt. This is extensively explained in a separate chapter. Alternatively, all kleśas and fetters are collectively called nīvaraṇas, because they cover sentient beings and cover the pure mind. 'Paryavasthāna' refers to the ten paryavasthānas: shamelessness, unconscionableness, sleep, remorse, stinginess, jealousy, restlessness, drowsiness, wrath, and concealment; these are the ten. This is also as in a separate chapter. Alternatively, all kleśas and fetters are collectively called paryavasthānas, because they entangle sentient beings and entangle the mind. Regarding these nīvaraṇas and paryavasthānas, because both their activity and habituations are extinguished, it says 'forever free'.