淨名經集解關中疏 1.31

1.31

“In generosity, keeping precepts, patience, diligence, dhyāna-concentration, wisdom, and the power of upāya, there is none they have not perfected”: Second, specific praise of the virtue of wisdom. Zhao says: “‘Perfected’ refers to signless practice. From the seventh stage upward, mind and intellect are tranquil and extinguished; because the mind is unconditioned, there is no virtue it does not perform. Therefore, their giving reaches the utmost of giving yet they have never given; their keeping precepts reaches the utmost of precepts yet they have never kept precepts. The seven virtues have distinct functions, but their characteristics are not different; only then is it called ‘perfected’. Upāya is simply a distinct function of wisdom. Wisdom penetrates the hidden, fathoms the subtle, and decisively ascertains the characteristics of phenomena; to have no knowledge yet know nothing is called wisdom. Although one penetrates the characteristics of dharmas, one is able not to realize [extinction]; dwelling in existence, one does not lose non-existence; being in non-existence, one does not abandon existence. Obscurely merged with emptiness while preserving virtue, both other and self are equally delivered; hence it is called upāya.”