四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 2.31

2.31

諸大德是二不定法半月半月說戒經中來　此初標說儀。或欲令攝耳聽故若也。通論有防非義。故齊稱為戒。令此二法有四種。無揩准。自曰不定。言四法者。一犯不定。謂或犯夷犯殘。或犯提並犯三。或復犯二。多少差殊故。二舉不定。犯既不定可信。稱事而舉故亦不定。三自言不定。舉既多少自言列罪。寧容一准式。可自言不犯。四治罪不定。若自言夷滅殯治之。若自言犯殘別住治之等。乃至若不自言引罪。罪處所治故曰治罪不定。此不定犯。謂於屏處露雨處起。故言二不定法。又十律言。云何名不定。可信女人不知。犯不犯不。何處起不。不知犯名字。但言我見女人。是處來去坐立。亦見比丘來去坐立。不見作婬奪人命觸女殺草過中食飲酒。如是前事不決定故名不定　問。可信舉罪通許二三五七。何故置在殘下提上者　答。一釋上收於戒。下攝威儀故也。又釋為欲深妨不犯夷殘故。屏露獨坐能犯夷殘。如像即是為護二戒故。置於此非是欲攝提等下亦攝提　問。此二尼無者何　答。為有伴故。設令無伴希如不數。又可女人軟弱言不宣心。豈可與丈夫對事。故無者示。

"Venerable sirs, these two aniyata dharmas come forth in the half-monthly recitation of the Prātimokṣa Sūtra." This first indicates the protocol of the recitation, perhaps to cause them to gather their attention and listen; or, discussing it generally, it has the meaning of preventing wrongdoing, and thus they are equally called "precepts." These two dharmas have four aspects that lack fixed standards, hence they are called aniyata (undetermined). The four aspects are: 1. Undetermined offense: meaning one may commit a pārājika, commit a saṃghāvaśeṣa, or commit a prāyaścittika, or commit all three, or again commit two; because the quantity varies. 2. Undetermined accusation: since the offense is undetermined, an accusation made by a trustworthy [woman] according to the facts is likewise undetermined. 3. Undetermined confession: since the accusation varies in quantity, how could a confession listing the offenses follow a single formula? He may confess to having committed no offense. 4. Undetermined penalty: if he confesses to a pārājika, he is expelled and penalized; if he confesses to a saṃghāvaśeṣa, he is penalized with parivāsa, etc.; and even if he does not confess, following the offense to the place where it is penalized, it is called an undetermined penalty. These undetermined offenses arise in secluded places or open, sheltered places; hence they are called "the two aniyata dharmas." Furthermore, the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya states: "Why is it called undetermined? A trustworthy woman does not know whether an offense was committed or not, where it arose or not, and does not know the name of the offense; she only says: 'I saw a woman coming and going, sitting and standing in this place, and I also saw a bhikṣu coming and going, sitting and standing; I did not see them engaging in sexual intercourse, taking human life, touching a woman, killing grass, eating past noon, or drinking alcohol.' Because the preceding facts are not definitive like this, it is called undetermined." Question: "The accusation by a trustworthy [woman] generally allows for two, three, five, or seven offenses. Why are they placed below the saṃghāvaśeṣas and above the prāyaścittikas?" Answer: "One explanation is that above they encompass the precepts [of pārājika and saṃghāvaśeṣa], and below they include decorum [of prāyaścittika]. Another explanation is that they are meant to strictly prevent the offenses of pārājika and saṃghāvaśeṣa; sitting alone in secluded or open places can lead to committing pārājika or saṃghāvaśeṣa, which is why, in order to guard these two precepts, they are placed here; it is not merely to include prāyaścittika, though below they also include prāyaścittika." Question: "Why do the bhikṣuṇīs not have these two?" Answer: "Because they have companions. Even if they have no companions, it is rare and not counted. Moreover, women are weak and their speech does not express their minds clearly; how could they deal with the matter against a man? Hence, showing that they have none."