四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 2.41

2.41

若比丘衣已竟迦絺那衣已出三衣中離一一衣異處宿除僧羯磨尼薩耆波逸提　此滿足戒文句有六。一若比丘者。人分齊。二衣已竟等。犯時分齊。三衣中者。所離衣分齊。四離一一衣下。人衣互在分齊。五除十下。開法分齊。六尼薩耆下。結罪分齊。次下廣辯文句。言若比丘者。義如上釋。第二句言衣已竟等者。除不犯。汎五。謂一夜六夜一日九日。此五重中六夜難明。餘之四重合開此戒。但一夜者。唯制非開。一月等三事開通制。第三句三衣言中者。明所離衣。初辯畜三衣意。一釋三衣不如義。多論云。現未曾有法故聽畜三衣。智論云。佛聖弟子在於中道故畜三衣。多論云。一衣不能除寒。三衣能除障寒。一衣不能除慚愧。三衣能除慚愧。一衣不中入聚落。三衣足故堪入聚落。一衣不能生善。三衣能發前人歡喜之心。一衣威儀不具。三衣能令威儀清淨。以此義故聽畜三衣。次明三衣如不如。一者體如。二者作如。三者量如。四者色如要具四法方可成受。有離宿過。言體如者。麻毛絲綿是正衣體。餘並不堪。言作如者於中有四。一須如法割截。二須條數如法。三重數多少。四剌作如法。具足四種名作如。言量如者。長五肘廣三肘。若增減不成受持。言色如法者謂青黃木蘭。餘色之衣不堪受持。除糞掃衣。第四句言離一一衣異處宿者。明互離失義。初明離之法。人衣異界曰離。經夜日宿。此中離者謂離受持衣。若離餘衣但得小罪。

"If a bhikṣu has finished his robes and the kaṭhina robe has been spread, and he spends the night in a different place separated from any one of his three robes, except by a karmavācanā of the Saṅgha, it is a niḥsargika-prāyaścittika." / This full precept text contains six clauses: first, "if a bhikṣu" is the delimitation of the person. Second, "has finished his robes," etc., is the delimitation of the time of the offense. "Of his three robes" is the delimitation of the robes separated from. Fourth, from "separated from any one robe" onward is the delimitation of the mutual separation between person and robe. Fifth, from "except..." onward is the delimitation of the permitted procedure. Sixth, from "niḥsargika" onward is the delimitation of the determination of the offense. / Next, the clauses are explained in detail below. / As for "if a bhikṣu," its meaning is as explained above. / The second clause, "has finished his robes," etc.: leaving aside cases of no offense, there are generally five periods, namely: one night, six nights, one day, and nine days. Among these five categories, the six nights are difficult to clarify; the remaining four categories combine permissions and prohibitions for this precept. The single night is solely prohibited and not permitted; the three items such as one month are permissions extending to the prohibition. / The third clause, "of his three robes," clarifies the robes separated from. First, to distinguish the purpose of keeping the three robes: one explains the meaning of the three robes being proper or improper. The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: Because of unprecedented dharmas being manifested, one is permitted to keep three robes. The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa states: Because the Buddha's holy disciples abide in the Middle Way, they keep three robes. The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: One robe cannot ward off cold, but three robes can block cold; one robe cannot provide modesty and shame, but three robes can provide modesty and shame; one robe is unsuitable for entering a village, but three robes are sufficient and adequate for entering a village; one robe cannot produce goodness, but three robes can arouse joy in the minds of others; one robe leaves deportment incomplete, but three robes make deportment pure. For these reasons, one is permitted to keep three robes. / Next, to clarify the propriety or impropriety of the three robes: first, propriety of substance; second, propriety of construction; third, propriety of measurement; fourth, propriety of color. It must fulfill these four criteria before its reception can be accomplished, such that there is the fault of spending the night separated from it. / "Propriety of substance" means that hemp, wool, silk, and cotton are the correct substance for a robe; others are unsuitable. / "Propriety of construction" has four aspects: first, it must be cut in accordance with the Dharma; second, the number of strips must accord with the Dharma; third, the number of layers must be appropriate; fourth, the sewing must accord with the Dharma. Fulfilling these four kinds is called propriety of construction. / "Propriety of measurement" means five cubits long and three cubits wide; if more or less, taking up and holding is not accomplished. / "Propriety of color" means blue, yellow, or mangrove bark color; robes of other colors are unsuitable for taking up and holding, excepting pāṃśukūla robes. / The fourth clause, "spends the night in a different place separated from any one of his three robes," clarifies the meaning of mutual separation and forfeiture. First, to clarify the rule of separation: when person and robe are in different boundaries, it is called "separated"; passing the night is called "spending the night." Here, separation refers to separation from a robe that has been taken up and held; if one is separated from other robes, one incurs only a minor offense.