四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.111

3.111

若比丘恐怖他比丘者波逸提　此滿足本文有三句。一犯人。二恐怖。三結罪。辨相中初句可知。二言恐怖者。律明恐業。先列名。後隨釋。言列名者。彼以色聲香味觸法六事。一一示之。言色恐怖者。或作鳥形乃至鬼及獸形。如是以色恐怖前人。言聲恐怖者。或貝聲象聲等以如是聲恐怖前人。乃至以法恐怖。語前人我見如是相汝當死。若失衣鉢及汝和上亦爾。汝父母得病。若死等以此法恐怖者。三言波逸提者。是違犯句。律云。若以六事。隨一一提。令彼見聞等若恐怖若不恐怖。一一皆得提罪。若不了前人不知等。一一吉羅。律云。不犯者。或闇地坐無燈火。或大小便處遙見謂言惡獸。乃至行聲咳聲觸聲而恐怖者。或以色等示人不作恐怖意。或若實有是。見夢當死失衣。乃至父母重病若死。語彼令知及誤。一切不犯。

"If a bhikṣu frightens another bhikṣu, it is a prāyaścittika." This complete text has three phrases: first, the person who commits the offense; second, frightening; third, the assigning of the offense. In differentiating the aspects, the first phrase is evident. As for the second, "frightens": the Vinaya explains the karma of frightening, first listing the names and then explaining them in turn. As for listing the names: he displays each of the six matters of form, sound, smell, taste, touch, and mental objects. As for frightening with form: either making the form of a bird, up to the form of a ghost or beast—in this manner, one frightens the other person with form. As for frightening with sound: either the sound of a conch shell, the sound of an elephant, or the like—with such sounds one frightens the other person. Up to frightening with mental objects: telling the other person, "I have seen such an omen; you will die," or "you will lose your robes and bowl, and your upādhyāya likewise," or "your parents will fall ill or die," and so forth—frightening with such mental objects. As for the third, "prāyaścittika": this is the phrase for the transgression. The Vinaya states: "If one uses the six matters, for each one it is a prāyaścittika. Whether he causes the other to see, hear, and so forth, and whether he is frightened or not frightened, for each one he incurs a prāyaścittika offense. If it is unclear and the other person does not perceive it, for each one it is a duṣkṛta." The Vinaya states that it is not an offense if: sitting in a dark place without lamplight, or at a latrine or urinal, one sees someone from afar and thinks he is a vicious beast; or one frightens someone by the sound of walking, coughing, or touching; or one displays form or the like to someone without the intention to frighten; or if it is true that one has seen in a dream that he will die or lose his robes, or that his parents are gravely ill or have died, and one tells him so that he knows; or by mistake—in all these cases, it is not an offense.