四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.20

3.20

若比丘與女人說法過五六語除有智男子波逸提　此滿足戒本文有五句。一犯人。二所為女人。三說過限。四除開。五結罪。初二兩句可知。三言說法過五六語者。法者謂是如來親所宣說。及諸天等所說亦名為法。言過五六語者。五謂五蘊。言色是無常。受想行識亦復無我。六謂六根。言眼是無常。乃至意亦無常。謂五至六過六至七。故名過五六語。四言除有智男子者。是開緣。律云。智男子者。知麁惡不麁惡事。多論解人情語可作證明。故名有智男子。中邊不同者。不聽必須俗人出家。不得以事同故。若盲若聾。亦此二當一人。若眠亦名無人。若咸七歲若過不解好惡義味亦名無人。知男子及上可是。五言波逸提者。是違犯罪。律云。若過已外說聲相接不斷一罪。若句句斷絕說句句提罪。五分為說五六竟。從坐起去。更有因緣還坐為說不犯。若五六語竟為後女人說。如是相因為無量女人說不犯。反上即犯。若辭句不了了犯吉。若向非人畜生說亦吉。不犯者。律云。若依限說。若知男子前過說。若無男子請應廣說。若受五戒說五戒法。受八關齋法乃至女人聽明轉生疑問。隨問廣說。皆得無犯。

"If a bhikṣu preaches the Dharma to a woman beyond five or six sentences, except in the presence of an intelligent man, it is a prāyaścittika."
This complete text of the precept has five clauses: 1. the offender; 2. the woman for whom it is done; 3. preaching beyond the limit; 4. the exception; 5. the assignation of the offense. The first two clauses are understood. Third, "preaches the Dharma beyond five or six sentences": "Dharma" refers to what the Tathāgata himself preached, and what devas and others have preached is also called Dharma. "Beyond five or six sentences": "five" refers to the five aggregates, saying, "Form is impermanent; sensation, perception, mental formations, and consciousness are also non-self." "Six" refers to the six sense bases, saying, "The eye is impermanent," up to "the mind is also impermanent." Moving from five to six, and exceeding six to reach seven, is termed "beyond five or six sentences." Fourth, "except in the presence of an intelligent man" is the mitigating condition. The Vinaya says: "An intelligent man is one who understands coarse and non-coarse matters." The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā explains: "One who understands human speech and can serve as a witness is called an intelligent man." Difference between central and peripheral regions: it must be a layperson, not a monastic, because their circumstances are the same. If blind or deaf, even both together count as only one person. If asleep, it is also counted as having no person. If seven years of age or older, but does not understand good and bad or meaning and flavor, it is also counted as having no person. Knowing male and above may count. Fifth, "prāyaścittika" is the offense of transgression. The Vinaya says: "If one continues preaching beyond this, and the voice is continuous and unbroken, it is one offense; if phrase by phrase is broken and spoken, each phrase is a prāyaścittika offense." The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya says: "Having finished preaching five or six sentences, if one rises from the seat and departs, and due to other circumstances returns to sit and preach, there is no offense. If having finished five or six sentences, one preaches for a subsequent woman, preaching for countless women sequentially in this manner is no offense." Doing the opposite constitutes an offense. If the phrases and sentences are not clear, it is a duṣkṛta. If preaching to a non-human or animal, it is also a duṣkṛta. As for non-offenses, the Vinaya says: preaching within the limit; preaching beyond it in the presence of an intelligent man; if there is no man but one is invited and should elaborate; expounding the five precepts when they receive the five precepts; [expounding] the eight fasting precepts; or even if a woman listens intelligently and raises doubts and questions, expounding at length in accordance with the questions—none of these is an offense.