四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.40

3.40

若比丘知水有虫若澆泥若澆草若教人澆者波逸提　此滿足戒本文有三句。一犯人。二犯業。三犯罪。比丘者義如上釋。已下二句可知。故律云。若不知水有虫無罪知即犯提。言虫水者。漉囊所遮肉眼所見。十云。眼所見漉囊所遮。若用此水隨虫多少一一犯提。祇云。用虫水一息一提。隨息多少一一得提。四分云。若以草土擲虫水中。若虫酪漿清酪漿。若漬麥漿。若酢有虫。以遶沒草。若以草土擲虫水中。一切皆墮。教人亦同。五分云。隨用虫一一墮。律云。若以草土擲虫水中。隨河池中魚虫一一提。大集云。畜生身細猶如微塵十分之一。及至大者百千萬由旬。祇云。細故應作三重漉猶有者捨去故多云。若作住處先應看水。用已漉羅著器中向日細意諦看。若故意有虫者應二三重作漉羅。若故有虫。此處不應住。四分雜法犍度中云。無囊不得半由旬行。若無漉囊應用衣角漉水。律云。不犯者。若不知有虫。若作無虫想。若大以手動水令虫去。若漉水用。若教人漉用。不犯。

"If a bhikṣu, knowing that water contains living beings, pours it on mud or pours it on grass, or tells another person to pour it, it is a prāyaścittika." / This full precept text has three clauses: first, the person who commits the offense; second, the offending act; third, the offense committed. "Bhikṣu" has the meaning explained above; the remaining two clauses below can be understood from this. Thus the Vinaya states: "If one does not know that the water contains living beings, there is no offense; if one knows, then one commits a prāyaścittika." By "water with living beings" is meant [beings] withheld by a water strainer and seen with the fleshy eye. The Sarvāstivāda Vinaya states: "Seen with the eye and withheld by a water strainer. If one uses this water, for each living being, whether few or many, one commits a prāyaścittika." The Mahāsaṅghika Vinaya states: "Using water with living beings, each breath entails one prāyaścittika; according to the number of breaths, one incurs a prāyaścittika for each." The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "If one throws grass or dirt into water containing living beings; or if there are living beings in buttermilk-water, clear buttermilk-water, or steeped barley-water; or if vinegar contains living beings, and one uses it to immerse grass; or if one throws grass or dirt into water with living beings—all are falls [prāyaścittika]. Telling another person [to do so] is the same." The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya states: "For each living being used, one incurs a fall." The Vinaya states: "If one throws grass or dirt into water with living beings, for each fish or living being in the river or pond, one incurs a prāyaścittika." The Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra states: "The bodies of animals can be as minute as one-tenth of an atom, up to as large as hundreds of thousands or millions of yojanas." The Mahāsaṅghika Vinaya states: "Because they are minute, one should make a triple-layer strainer; if there are still [living beings], one discards [the water]." Therefore the Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: "If one makes a dwelling place, one must first inspect the water. Having used a filter net to put it into a vessel, one should turn toward the sun and inspect it attentively with fine care. If there intentionally appear to be living beings, one should make a double- or triple-layered filter net. If there are still living beings, one must not stay in that place." In the Miscellaneous Matters Skandhaka of the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya it states: "Without a strainer-bag, one must not travel half a yojana. If one has no strainer-bag, one should use the corner of one's robe to strain the water." The Vinaya states regarding non-offenses: "If one does not know there are living beings; if one perceives that there are no living beings; if one roughly agitates the water with one's hand to make the living beings go away; if one strains the water and uses it; or if one tells another person to strain it and uses it—there is no offense."