四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.6

3.6

若比丘種類毀呰語者波逸提　此滿足戒本文有三句。一犯人。二毀語。三結犯。初句可知。言種類毀呰者。於中有二。初引六惡法。次明所罵事。言六惡者如律中說種類。一種卑。二性卑。三業卑。四相貌卑。五犯過卑。六結使卑。言種卑者。汝是卑家生。言性卑者　汝是下姓人。言業卑者。汝是伎術工巧人。言相貌卑者。汝是盲瞎等人。言犯過卑者。汝是犯過人。言結使卑者。汝是多結使人。第二所罵事者有三。一若面罵。二喻罵。三自比罵。言面罵者。汝是除糞家生等是。言喻罵者。汝似除糞種等。言自比罵者。我非除糞種。乃至我非販賣殺牛羊跛躄人等。又作善法罵亦三種。面罵者。汝是阿蘭若坐禪等人。餘二例知。第三句言波逸提者。是結罪文。於輕重有二。一以六種惡法罵比丘者皆得提罪。二以善法三種罵者悉犯吉羅。就惡法罵中。若罵比丘及父母者得提罪。若罵和上闍梨得蘭。若罵親罵親友同學等吉。毘尼云。比罵外更加是中有如是人亦犯。謂小姓比丘與大姓者同住。云此中有小姓比丘。不犯者。律云。若為相利故說。為法故說。為律故說。為教授故說。為親友故說。或喜笑或因語。次或失口或觸處說。或誤說。皆不犯。

"If a bhikṣu speaks words of reviling by class, it is a prāyaścittika." This complete precept text has three clauses: first, the offender; second, reviling words; third, the determination of the offense. The first clause is self-evident. As for "words of reviling by class," there are two parts: first, citing the six bad dharmas; next, clarifying the matters of abuse. The six bad ones are the classes stated in the Vinaya: 1) low caste; 2) low lineage; 3) low occupation; 4) low appearance; 5) low through committing offenses; 6) low through defilements. "Low caste" means saying, "You were born into a low family." "Low lineage" means saying, "You are a person of low clan name." "Low occupation" means saying, "You are a performer or craftsman." "Low appearance" means saying, "You are a blind person," and so on. "Low through committing offenses" means saying, "You are a person who commits offenses." "Low through defilements" means saying, "You are a person with many defilements." Second, the matters of abuse are of three kinds: 1) face-to-face abuse; 2) metaphorical abuse; 3) abuse by self-comparison. "Face-to-face abuse" means saying, "You were born into a scavenger family," and so forth. "Metaphorical abuse" means saying, "You are like a scavenger class," and so forth. "Abuse by self-comparison" means saying, "I am not of a scavenger class," up to, "I am not a peddler, a slaughterer of cattle and sheep, a cripple," and so forth. Furthermore, abuse using wholesome dharmas also has three kinds. Face-to-face abuse means saying, "You are an araṇya dweller, a meditator," and so forth; the other two are understood analogously. The third clause, "it is a prāyaścittika," is the text determining the offense. In terms of light and heavy, there are two: 1) abusing a bhikṣu with the six kinds of bad dharmas all incurs a prāyaścittika offense; 2) abusing with the three kinds of wholesome dharmas all commits a duṣkṛta. Within abuse with bad dharmas: abusing a bhikṣu or one's parents incurs a prāyaścittika offense; abusing one's upādhyāya or ācārya incurs a sthūlātyaya; abusing kin, friends, fellow students, and the like incurs a duṣkṛta. The Vinaya states: In addition to metaphorical abuse, saying "Among these there is such a person" also constitutes an offense; that is, when a bhikṣu of a lower clan lives together with those of higher clans, saying "Among these there is a bhikṣu of a lower clan." Under non-offenses, the Vinaya states: if spoken for the sake of mutual benefit, for the sake of the Dharma, for the sake of the Vinaya, for the sake of instruction, for the sake of kin and friends, or in jest, or in the course of speaking, or by a slip of the tongue, or when provoked, or spoken by mistake—none constitute an offense.