Riyaz al-salatin 45: CHAPTER II. · AN ACCOUNT OF THE INDEPENDENT MUSALMAN KINGS WHO IN THE KINGDOM OF BENGAL MOUNTED THE THRONE, AND RECITED THE KHUTBAH AFTER THEIR OWN NAMES.

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It ought to be known that from the reign of Sultan Qutbu-d-din Aibak to the reign of Sultan Ghiasu-d-din Md. Tughlak Shah, seventeen Emperors ruled at Delhi for a period of one hundred and fifty years, and that in the kingdom of Bengal its rulers exercised authority as Viceroys of the Emperors of Delhi, and that the Khutbah and the coins of the Emperors of Delhi were current in Bengal. If any of the Viceroys rebelling introduced the Khutbah and the coins after their own names, the Emperors of Delhi considering their chastisement necessary, swiftly punished them. In the reign of Muhammad Shah, Qadr Khan, being appointed Governor of Lakhnauti, for fourteen years administered the affairs of that State. Then Malik Fakhru-d-din, who was Qadr Khan's Armour-Superintendent, meddling in administrative matters, obtained much influence, and, resolving in mind to usurp the Viceroyalty, watched for an opportunity. Finding Qadr Khan off his guard, Fakhru-d-din revolted, killed his own master, and became Viceroy of the kingdom of Bengal. When the Empire of Muhammad Shah, the Emperor of Delhi, fell into complete decay, aiming in his mind amongst other things at the Emperor's capture, Fakhru-d-din withdrew his hand from submission to the Emperor of Delhi, and proclaimed himself king. The Emperor of Delhi, owing to confusion in his own Empire, could not direct his attention towards the kingdom of Bengal. From that time, the kingdom of Bengal became independent and distinct from the Delhi Empire. Fakhru-d-din was the first king who had the Khutbah of sovereignty recited after his own name in the Kingdom of Bengal.