Siyar al-mutaʾakhkhirin 45: PERSIAN.
A Translation of the Seir Mutaqherin (Haji Mustafa) 45
- Language
- English
Contents
PERSIAN.
45.1.1
Doghter. In some mountainous tracts of Persia, where they speak pure Persian, without any admixture of Arabic, (and the whole Shah-Nameh, that book of one hundred and twenty thousand verses, has but one Arabic word, and it was written so early, as about the year six hundred of the Hedjra, or about 1260 of the Christian Era); in those mountains, I say, it is neither Hemshir, which is an epithet, nor unlike Com-milk or Comilk, not Qhaer, but Sus. Little Sister, Sussec. My little Sister, Sussek-men. Burd, Burdan: which signify, he carried: and to carry and bear. Chabiden. Proverb: To Nan Chabide, & Coss Gahide, Mi-qhahi. Sipaden, and Sipidin, to fall drop after drop. Istaden. And that anciently it was Astanden, may be evinced from Curtius, who says that Darius-Codomanus was an Astanda of the late King's, that is, as he explains it, one who stood always before the Monarch ready to execute his commands. A ENGLISH. Bearer Bird, which a Welsh-man, and a Sommerset-man, would pronounce Pird, just as they pronounce Peard for Beard. Name To Tame
45.1.2
PERSIAN. Chopdar. To-day that word would be sounded Asfadd, or Estade. Berid, Berid-i-namih, the bearer of this letter; and although use has introduced the Arabick word Hammal for Porter, yet Berid is also used. Perid, and also Peri-endeh, contracted into Perendeh. Perid, is Persian for he flew. Nam, name; and also Namidän, to name. Tahmidän, which is hardly used by any but by Grooms and Jockeys, but which, like an infinity of other Persian words, has been preserved in India, betwixt which and Persia we perceive so early as four thousand years ago, a constant intercourse, a constant vassalage on the part of the former, with an amazing similarity in language, religious tenets, and worships. Tahmna in India, signifies to stop, appease, and also to be stopped; and that it is still in use in Persia in the same sense it bore thousands of years ago, may be proved by Nadyr-shah's first title, which was Tahm-asp-Cüli-qhan, Equorum Domitor Cüli-qhan, and also the Lord Soldier to Tahm-asp, and not Tatnas or Tomas-cùli-qhan as is written in so many books; for the epithet of horse breaker, so often given by Homer and Virgil to Diomedes, was also much affected by the Persians, who being horse-men born, were much pleased with those same names, which the Greeks made so much use of, and which referred to some love for horses, or to some talent in horseman-ship, Philo-hippus, alias Philippus, Heges-hippus, Archi-hippus, &c., &c.
45.1.3
Maze Maz: an intricate winding path through woods and mountains. Hence a large province of Persia, on the Caspian Sea, being beyond a lofty chain of mountains, covered with thick woods, and having been itself a forest cleared for cultivation (as appears by the enormous serpents and that infinity of lions and other wild beasts found anciently, and even now, there), this province of course was called the country within the Mazes, or beyond the Mazes a name which it bears to this day Maz-anderan. These few words are such as have occurred to me at so short a warning; but I shall take care occasionally to enlarge the list; and when it is recollected that the Saca-sons, or Sac-sons or Saxons were no more than a Colony of Saceas, who inhabited the northern provinces of Persia, upon the Amoo; that all the Gothick nations emigrated unquestionably from the northern parts of Asia into Europe, with Odin, Woden, or Goden at their head; and that a Colony of Kermanis, (Is it from that word that comes that of Germans and Caramanians?) dissatisfied with both their country and government, emigrated from Persia into the northern parts of Europe; when we shall join all these hints together, we shall not be much surprised to find such a number of words to be both Persian and English. I have once assembled 97 of them. Shame Sherm and Sharm. No Na. Qhog; and if this word be often pronounced QliSg, it is because the Persians use the vaw for four sounds.
45.1.4
Bill, an instrument made exactly like a bird's bill, and used in the stony soil of Persia to dig the ground with. Hence Bill-dar, a Pioneer, pronounced Bellder by the Indians, but written Bill-dar; although the ground being so much softer in India, Pioneers are armed with a kind of Shovel, called Chapa in Decan, Codali in Bengal, and Piiora in Hindostan. Pod, or even Pood, because the Persians have no proper letter, and in all the oriental languages, vowels are interchangeable. Rood signifies the mouth of a river, and also a river. Trunk Torunk, Tarank : a sea Vessel, used in the Gulf of Persia, and called Tarajiquine by Agatharchides. And here I conceive that some critic shall stand up, and read to me, or repeat, that whole chapter of Swift's about Etimons ; and to his sneering I shall answer, not by addressing the critic himself, but by directing my words to Swift. And this would be in the following manner : Sir,
45.1.5
I acknowledge, that you have brought up a great deal of ingenuity and much machinery to inform us of the Etimons of Fail-upon : ease us (which you make the constituent words of Peloponnesus), and of Andrew Mackay, which you prove to be the original words of Andromache, that tall wife of Hector, which your countrymen pronounce Andromaki. But, Sir, please to mind that the question is not, what these words may signify to-day in the language of your countrymen, but only what they signified two or three thousand years ago in the country which the Greeks inhabited. Now without any of those engines which you have conjured up for your purpose, it appears plainly, very plainly, both from the history and language of that country, for instance, of Peloponesus, that this Island was called Peloponisos or Nesus, the Island of Pelops, just as a certain island in the South Sea, well known to Admiral Anson, is called to this day, Juan Fernandes. It is true, Sir, that an able man like you, may make these two words to signify a broken-pate, or a crooked leg, in Irish, or in Albanagh or Erse. But I am sorry for it ; for in the language spoken to this day by the inhabitants of that island, those words signify only Island of Juan Fernandes. In the like manner the tall consort, who in her youth had been, as is the custom of her country, often wrestling with young men, is called not, Andromaki, as you found it, but only Andro-machi, the she fighter of men. Nor did the words.
45.1.6
Achilles, in the language, spoken by that hero and by his countrymen, signify three thousand years ago, any thing more, than what he was well known to be : the man with thick lips. I cannot help adding here some remarks on Etymons in general, against which article numbers of people never fail to have some words of that chapter of Swift's at their finger's ends. What would have not said Swift himself to a man who should have told him that the French word jour came from the Latin word Dies ? Is that possible ? Is that probable ? Determine yourself those two articles ; for my part I know that it is certain. For in the lower Empire they had disused the word Dies, to make use of that of Diurnus, which being pronounced in the Italian and Provencal manner (and this last was then the universal language of the south of Europe) as Djiurnus (Djiôrnôs) very naturally produced Giorno in Italian, and jor or jour in French, pronounced Djôr by the Southern French. Just as the word Equus having been superceded by that of Caballus has given birth to Cavallo in Italian, Cavalho in Spanish, and Cheval in French. Can any one find any affinity betwixt the words Bispo (Spanish), Eveque (French), Vescovo (Italian), Bishop (English), and Püspök? No ; and yet it is indubitable that the latter is Hungarian, and that all the five come from the Greek Episcopos.
45.1.7
There are two famous words that are pronounced Shazus Krist by the Irish, Ghiezû or rather Khiêzû-kristo by the Italians, Djizôs-krâist by the English, and Jesu-kri by the French. An Antiquarian would lose scent here ; and yet, it is well known that they all come from two ancient words, the first Hebrew, the second, Greek : Yessû-christos or rather Qhristos. Do you see any brotherhood betwixt the words Yago (Spanish), Jac (French), Djems (English), Djidcomo (Italian), and Yacomi (Greek)? And yet rest assured, that they all come from the Hebrew word, Yacoh. And so of some hundreds of similar words which I could easily bring forth ; but these few are enough. At the moment of ending this, I recollect three words more Anglo-Persian. Abode Abad. Sowr Shor. ENGLISH PERSIAN To Sew, &c., &c. Sozen, and Sew-sen, which Persian word is evidently a contractif of the compound Soo—i—sen striker or maker of sewing. Now the word Sooi, to signify a needle, has been preserved in India, where there is no other term, and where Si-na, an evident contractif of the compound Siö-na or Sew-na, signifies to Sew in every shop in Calcutta.
45.2.105
AALEM-GHIR THE SECOND; Aziz-eddin, son of the late Emperor Djehander-shah, proclaimed Emperor under the title of, iii, 339. Seized by his Vezir, iii, 366. Treacherously murdered; his burial, iii, 374-375.
Aaly-goher. See Emperor Shah-aalem.
Aaly-hibrahim-qhan, son of Doctor Mahmed-nassyr, accompanies Aaly-verdy-qhan to Moorshood-abad; settles there on a pension, ii, 70. Goes to meet Mir-cassem-qhan at Palassy with a numerous and brilliant retinue, ii, 381. His advice to Mir-cassem-qhan, ii, 382. Appointed Examiner of Military Accounts, ii, 388. His objections to Mir-cassem-qhan's taking an expedition to Nepal; his rational advice, ii, 447. Entrusted with the commission of bringing back Gurghin-qhan from Nepal, ii, 448. Success of his commission, ii, 449. His letter to Navab Mir-cassem-qhan; his objection to the stoppage of a boat destined for Azim-abad Factory; sent on a commission to Gurghin-qhan, ii, 464-465. Supplicates Mir-cassem-qhan for the release of the English prisoners, ii, 499. Sent with a message to Shudja-ed-dowla; his discourse with him; makes a faithful report of his discourse to Mir-cassem-qhan, ii, 538-539. His representation to Shudja-ed-dowla on behalf of Mir-cassem-qhan, ii, 541. His discourse with Shudja-ed-dowla, ii, 544-545. His tents surrounded by Shudja-ed-dowla's troopers; his effects taken possession of by the latter, ii, 546. His supplique to Shudja-ed-dowla, ii, 547. Pays his respects to Shudja-ed-dowla; his conversation with the latter, ii, 549-550. Hints given by him regarding Mir-cassem-qhan's hidden treasure; carried to Mya-yssa's quarters, ii, 551-552. His generous offer to Mir-cassem-qhan, ii, 568. Accepts the proposals of Radja Beni-bahadyr, ii, 570. Departs for Illah-abad, ii, 576. Retires to Moorshood-abad, ii, 581. Appointed Divan to Navab Mubarec-ed-dowla, iii, 26. Takes up the cause of Mahmed-reza-qhan and effects his release from prison, iii, 68-69. His sober advice rejected by Mahmed-reza-qhan, iii, 80. His breach with Mahmed-reza-qhan, iii, 83. His ruin caused by an intrigue of a court woman, iii, 84-86. His refusal to accept two high offices, iii, 104. Declines the posts offered to him by the Governor, the Navab and Menny-begum, iii, 105.
45.2.238
Aaly-MAHMED-QHAN-Rohillah, son of a Gentoo Ahir, his adoption by an Afghan ; establishes his power in his new dominions ; his rise to the pinnacle of fortune ; his refractoriness, iii, 233-234. His unconditional surrender demanded by Radja Harnund ; surprises the Radja in his camp, iii, 235. His reception of Sholah-poori and her son, Mir-mannoo, sent to negotiate with him; his dispute about the rents settled ; becomes an independent Prince, iii, 236. Besieged in the fortress of Bun-gur, iii, 237. Surrenders to the Emperor Mahmed-shah, iii, 238.
45.2.384
Aaly-VERDY-QHAN, alias Mirza-mahmed-aaly, his extreme poverty; follows his parents to Shudja-qhan's court in Oressa ; his eminent qualities, civil and military, i, 275. Rises in favour by his rare genius, i, 276. Appointed Viceroy of Azim-abad ; a grandson is born to him, i, 282. Adopts his grandson, Seradj-ed-dowla, and names him after himself, i, 283. His vigorous administration insures his patron's good will ; executes Abdol-kerim-qhan to serve as an example of insubordination, i, 283-284. Moves Ishac-qhan, of the Imperial Court, for the patent of the Viceroyalty of Bengal, Bahar and Oressa ; promises held out by, in return for the patent, i, 328. Receives the Imperial command to fight Ser-efraz-qhan ; musters his troops under pretence of marching against certain refractory Zemindars, i, 329. Addresses an assembly of Hindu and Mussulman officers who promise to stand by him, i, 330. Discloses to the officers the secret of his expedition ; marches towards Moorshood-abad, i, 331. His strategic entry into the garrison ; his letter to the Viceroy, i, 332. His artful message, i, 334-335. Wounded, i, 339. Takes possession of Moorshood-abad ; his singular speech to Ser-efraz-qhan's mother; takes his seat in the Mesned of command, i, 340. Viewed with horror and detestation ; wins over everybody by his altered behaviour, i, 341. Invested with new titles and decorations, i, 344. Sends his promised presents to the Emperor ; reviews his army for an expedition to Oressa, i, 347. Sets out for the Oressa expedition, i, 349. Encounters Moorshood-cooly-qhan at the battle of Balisser, i, 352. His victory, i, 353. Marches to Catec to quell a rebellion, i, 365. Defeats Mirza-bakyr, i, 367. His affectionate interview with his son-in-law, Seyd-ahmed-qhan, i, 368. His coolness and indifference to danger, i, 376. Engages the Marhattas in a number of skirmishes, i, 377. His honour wounded by the absurd proposal of the Marhatta General, i, 378. Discontentment among his commanders, i, 379. Promises to remove the grievances of his officers, i, 380. Inclination to defection of the Afghans in his army, i, 381. His critical position, i, 382. Refuses to ransom himself out of the hands of the Marhattas, i, 383. Desertion of his troops ; his visit and touching address to General Mustapha-qhan, i, 384.
45.2.p4
Recovers the affection of his Afghan officers, i, 386. Attacked on all sides by the Marhattas, i, 387. Fights his way through the enemy, i, 388. Put to the greatest straits, i, 389. Placed in a serious predicament, i, 390. Interposition of Providence in his behalf; reaches Cutwa, i, 391. Gives up the idea of driving away the enemy in the rains, i, 395. His letter to the Emperor Mahmed-shah ; its effect, i, 400-401. Collects troops ; constructs a bridge of boats, i, 402. His heavy loss due to breaking down of the bridge of boats ; repairs the bridge, i, 403. Severely chastises the Marhattas, i, 404. Returns crowned with glory and success, i, 406. Receives the title of Hessam-el-mulk, i, 407. His visit to Baladji-rao, i, 419. His alliance with Baladji-rao ; pursues Ragho-dji, i, 420. Entraps the Marhatta commander, Bhasukur-pandet, i., 431-433. Interviewed by Bhasukur, i, 434. Bhasukur treacherously murdered by his order, i, 435. Annihilates Bhasukur's vast army, i, 436. Compels the Marhattas to evacuate Bengal ; returns victorious to his capital, i, 437. Spreads a snare to do away with the overbearing General Mustapha-qhan, i, 440. His war preparations against the General, i, 441. Marches to succour his son-in-law at Azim-abad, i, 463. His negotiations with Ragho-dji, i, 464. Recalled to Bengal ; his further negotiations with Ragho-dji ; his reply to Ragho-dji's proposal, ii, 5-6. At Azim-abad ; his reception, ii, 7. Mediates in a dispute, ii, 8. Reconciles the disputants ; leaves Azim-abad and advances, ii, 9. Offers battle to Ragho-dji at Ranie's-reservoir ; his victory, ii, 10. Harbours suspicions against two of his Afghan commanders ; fresh negotiation with Ragho-dji by the wife of, ii, 11. Pursues the Marhattas through endless difficulties, ii, 12. Arrives at Azim-abad; his engagement with Ragho-dji, ii, 13. At Moorshood-abad, Amani-gundj and Cutwa ; his victory at Cutwa, ii, 14. His arrival at Moorshood-abad ; promotions in his army, ii, 15. Discovers indications of treason in the behaviour of the Afghan Generals, Shimshir-qhan and Serder-qhan, ii, 16. Dismisses the Afghan Generals; celebrates the nuptials of Seradj-ed-dowla and Ecram-ed-dowla, ii, 17. Directs his attention to the affairs of Oressa ; bestowal of appointments by, ii, 23. Combined army of Marhattas and Afghans defeated by the Generals of, i, 24. His unbecoming reception by Ata-ollah-qhan, ii, 25. Rejects Ata-ollah-qhan's petition ; visits Mir-djaafer-qhan, ii, 26. Punishment inflicted by, upon Mir-djaafer-qhan, ii, 27. Defeats the Marhattas near Moorshood-abad ; returns to his capital, ii, 28. Encamps at Amani-gundj, ii, 29. Receives news of the sad occurrences at Azim-abad ; speech delivered by him in an assembly of friends and military officers, ii, 44-45. Raises money and pays his troops ; provides against Marhatta incursions, ii, 46. Arrives at Chapaideh ; provides for the safety of his capital and marches against the Afghans, ii, 47. Helped by Seif-qhan with a detachment; his unbecoming suspicion, ii, 48. His discovery of the treason of Ata-ollah-qhan; his arrival at Monghyr; honours paid to, ii, 49. Marches forward, ii, 50. His advance towards Barr; his success over the Afghans, ii, 52. Disposition of his army at Rani-chock, ii, 53. His steadiness and fortitude, ii, 54. His reply to a joint message from his Generals, ii, 55. His victory over the Afghan and Marhatta army; rescues his daughter and her children from prison, ii, 56. Marches into Azim-abad in military array; his distribution of charity; sends a letter to his Deputy at Moorshood-abad, ii, 57. Sends for the ladies of the murdered Afghan General; his honorable treatment of them, ii, 58. His extreme delicacy on their account, ii, 59. His noble sentiments; a few instances of his benignity of temper, ii, 60-61. Gives way to the entreaties of his wife and Seradj-ed-dowla; declines to fulfil his promise to his nephew, Seyd-ahmed-qhan, ii, 66. Distressed at his nephew's discontent; his address to him; grants his request, ii, 67. Bestowal of appointments upon Seradj-ed-dowla and Radja Djankirani by; quits Azim-abad and takes the road to Bengal; his lenity to Ata-ollah-qhan, ii, 58. Lands at Bhagaban-golah and arrives at his palace; his distribution of charities, ii, 69. Carries with him a number of learned men of Azim-abad and settles pensions on them, ii, 70. His conversation with the historian's mother, ii, 71. Rejects invitation from Seif-qhan, ii, 73. Appoints Seyd-ahmed-qhan, Governor of Puraniah; makes a present of the Fodjdary of Hoogly to Seradj-ed-dowla, ii, 74. His reply to Faqhr-eddin-hossein-qhan's letter, ii, 75. Encamps at Cutwa to assemble troops; marches to Burdvan; Brigade under his General, Bahadyr-aaly-qhan, revolts, ii, 77. Disbands the Brigade, ii, 78. Defeats the Marhattas near Midnipur; pursues them and encamps at Barah, ii, 79. Loss of his vanguard; his arrival at the fortress of Bara-bati, ii, 80. His interview with the commanders of the fortress, ii, 81. Besieges and takes possession of Bara-bati, ii, 82. Appoints Sheh-abdol-subhan Deputy at Catec, ii, 83. Makes his way to Moorshood-abad through innumerable difficulties, ii, 84. Receives news of the defeat of his Deputy at Catec; arrives at Cutwa, at Motty-djil; takes possession of Faqhr-eddin-hossein-qhan's immense riches, ii, 85. Meditates upon driving the Marhattas from his dominions, ii, 86. At Mehr-pur, at Cutwa, at Burdvan and Midnipur; sends Seradj-ed-dowla at the head of an army at Balisser to oppose Mir-habib, ii, 87. His extreme fondness for Seradj-ed-dowla, ii, 88. False muster in the Bengal army brought to his knowledge; a reward given to the informants by him, ii, 89. Gets intelligence of the rapid marches of the Marhattas to Moorshood-abad; decamps from Midnipur and comes to Burdvan, ii, 90. Strange behaviour of the guide in his pursuit of the Marhattas ; marches towards Midnipur, ii, 91. His desire of parting Seradj-ed-dowla from Mehdy-nessar-qhan, ii, 92. Passes the rainy season in his old cantonments in Midnipur, ii, 93. Elopement of Seradj-ed-dowla brought to the knowledge of, ii, 94. Effect of the elopement upon ; sets out for Moorshood-abad and then for Azim-abad ; his affectionate letter to Seradj-ed-dowla, ii, 95. Another letter of his, full of tender expressions, ii, 96-97. Arrives at Barr and learns all about Seradj-ed-dowlah ; his loving message to him, ii, 105. His doating fondness for Seradj-ed-dowlah ; recovers him, ii, 106. Sets out for Moorshood-abad with Seradj-ed dowla; falls ill ; his recovery, ii, 107. Orders distribution of charity on his recovery ; his letters to Radja Dooloobram and Mir-djaafer-qhan, ii, 108. Marches to Midnipur; forces the Marhattas to retreat, ii. 110. Consents to a treaty of peace with the Marhattas, ii, 111. Terms of the treaty ; turns his views towards the ease of his subjects, ii, 112-113. Lavishes honors and titles upon the infant son of late Ecram-ed-dowla, ii, 120. Instigated by his wife to sanction the murders of Hossein-cooly-qhan and Haider-aaly-qhan ; his answer to her, ii, 123. Goes to Radji-mahal on pretence of a hunting party, ii, 124. Returns to his capital, ii, 126. Falls sick of dropsy, ii, 152. His prediction about Seradj-ed-dowla; his death, ii, 156. His private life, ii, 157-161. His eminent qualities, ii, 162. Singular instances of his prudence and foresight, ii, 163-164. Some account of the learned or pious men who lived in his court and dominions, ii, 166-185.
45.3.178
AAZEM-SHAH, second son of the Emperor Aoreng-zib, ascends the throne, i, 3. His defeat and death at the battle of Agra (Ecber-abad), i, 11. Appointed to the command of Bidjapur expedition ; his misunderstanding with his brother, Sultan Muazzem, iv, 174. His malicious proceedings, against Sultan Muazzem, iv, 175. His activity during the war; martial attitude of his consort, Djani-begum, iv, 176. Evidence in support of his malicious attack upon Sultan Muazzem, iv 178.
45.3.520
ABDOL-AALY-QHAN, advice given to, by his head boatman, ii, 40. Sent to prison ; condemned to death, ii, 41. His pardon through the intercession of Shah-sadyc, ii, 42. Disgraced and in misery, ii, 70. His ill-success at the Imperial Court at Shahdjehan-abad ; settles at Benares, ii, 145, Comes to Azim-abad in search of employment ; ordered by Mir-cassem-qhan to return to Benares, ii, 419. Provided with money by Mir-djaafer-qhan, ii, 520.
45.3.114
ABDOL-AHED-QHAN, contemplates to demolish Nedjef-qhan's power and influence ; designs to attack and subdue the Syks, iv, 112. Shamefully defeated by the Syks, iv, 113. His property confiscated ; put into prison, iv, 114.
45.3.332
ABDOL-NEBI-QHAN, appointed to succeed Shah-mahmedpledges his jewels pending discharge of the debts, iv, 192. His fortress of Golconda threatened with a siege; his message to Saadet-qhan, iv, 193. His respectful letter to Emperor Aoreng-zib, iv, 196. His crimes set forth in a manifesto published by Aoreng-zib, iv, 197. Prepares for self-defence, iv, 198. Applies to Sultan Muazzem to intercede on his behalf, iv, 199. Vigorous defence of Golconda by the officers of; his Generals debauched by Aoreng-zib, iv, 203. Defection of his principal officers, iv, 204. His magnanimous treatment of the prisoners of war; his message to the Emperor, iv, 207. His fortress of Golconda betrayed and taken possession of, iv, 215. His fearless behaviour, iv, 217. His singular conversation with the Imperial Generals; his interview with Prince Aazem-shah, iv, 219. Carried to Aoreng-zib as a prisoner and received with honour, iv, 220. His character reviewed in comparision with that of Aoreng-zib, iv., 227. Romantic but historical account of the last King of Haider-abad, iv, 228-233.
Abool-MANSOOR-QHAN, son-in-law and successor to Saadet-qhan, sent by the Emperor Mahmed-shah to succour Aaly-verdy-qhan, i, 401. His application to Emir-qhan for the fortress of Chennar; provided with the patent of Governor of Chennar, i, 409. Marches to Azim-abad, i, 410. Reaches Azim-abad; his overbearing behaviour, i, 411-412. Quits Azim-abad; proceeds to his own country, i, 413. Invited to appear at the Imperial Court; consults Emir-qhan on the matter, iii, 222. Departs for the Imperial Court at the head of a formidable retinue, iii, 223-224. His interview with Vezir Camer-eddin-qhan and exchange of presents, iii, 225. His office of Mir-ateshy or Grand Master of the household, iii, 230. Made Governor of Cashmir, iii, 231. His appearance with an army at a critical time, iii, 262. His promotion to the Vezir-ship; his respect for Nizam-el-mulk, iii, 276. Honours paid to, in full Durbar, iii, 277. His installation as Governor of Ecber-abad (Agra), iii, 285. Resolves to extirpate the family of the deceased Rohilla, Aaly-mahmed-qhan; engages Caim-qhan to recover the countries in the possession of the latter, iii, 287. Marches against the Rohillas, iii, 289. His Moghul troops sack the town of Barr, iii, 293. His attack on the Rohillas, iii, 294. Defeated and wounded, iii, 297. His unpopularity due to his defeat; his palace and property threatened with confiscation, iii, 303. His message to the intriguing Empress-mother and her favorite eunuch, iii, 304. His preparations for war; his victory over the Afghans, iii, 305. Orders Aaly-beg-qhan to put to death the Zemindar of Pertab-gur, iii, 308. Incensed at a shameful compromise made by Djavid-qhan with the Abdali-king, iii, 328. Djavid-qhan murdered by the order of, iii, 329. The Emperor forms a conspiracy to bring about the ruin of, iii, 330. His irresolution to declare war against the conspiring Emperor, iii, 331. Takes into his service Sooroodj-mull, the Djatt Prince, iii, 332.
45.3.256
ACHEL-SING, late Divan to Shaocat-djung, supports the cause of Hazir-aaly-qhan, ii, 250. Appointed Prime-Minister, ii, 251. Suffers to be arrested, ii, 256.
45.3.209
ACOZA, the holy; a treatise so styled, i, 209.
45.3.488
Adams, Major, his order to the English army at the battle of Sooty, ii, 488.
45.3.377
Adina-BEG-QHAN, Paymaster-general to Shah-nevaz-qhan, his address to his master; his letter to the Vezir Camer-eddin-qhan, iii, 254. His treachery in the field of battle, iii, 258. His precipitate flight, iii, 259. Appointed to command in the Do-abah; instigates the Syks to devastate the whole province of Do-abah, iii, 376. Invites the Marhattas to come to his assistance; appointed Governor-General of Mooltan; his death, iii, 377.
45.3.271
Adjadjoo, a Zemindar of the Checlaw of Corra, rises in open revolt against Djan-nessar-qhan, the Fodjdar; murders him and plunders his property, i, 269. An expedition undertaken against, by Saadet-qhan, i, 270. His defeat and death, i, 271.
45.3.234
Adjmir, troubles in, i, 229. Its troubles put an end to, i, 234.
45.3.239
Adjet-SING, enters into a treaty with Hossein-aaly-qhan; terms of his treaty, i, 68. Intercedes in behalf of his daughter, the Rani-consort, i, 137. Tries to get rid of popular curses and hootings, i, 138. Marches to Adjmir, i, 230. Appointed Governor of Ecber-abad; lays siege to the fortress of Toon, i, 239.
45.3.40
Afghans, the, massacre by, ii, 37. Spread throughout India; sack and plunder Azim-abad, ii, 40.
45.3.65
Aga-AZIMAI, his connections with the Afghan Serdar-qhan, ii, 64. Accused of participation in the Afghan revolution at Azim-abad; his discharge, ii, 65.
45.3.109
Aga-baba, adopted son of Nefissa-begum, his proposed marriage, ii, 109.
45.3.123
Aga-SADYC, his arrival at Moorshood-abad to lodge a complaint before Nevazish-mahmed-qhan; murders Hossein-cooly-qhan at the instigation of Seradj-ed-dowla; flies to Moorshood-abad, ii, 123.
45.3.269
Agra (Ecber-abad), battle of, i, 8. Terrible rain of thirty hours at, i, 269.
45.3.74
Ahmed-ABAD, religious trouble in, i, 74.
45.3.307
Ahmed-QHAN-bangash, an Afghan officer, his address to Shudja-ed-dowla, ii, 581-582. Rouses the Afghan army at the instigation of his half-sister, iii, 290. His victory over Vezir Abool-mansoor-qhan, iii, 297. Besieges and plunders the castle of Illah-abad, iii, 299. Raises the siege of Illah-abad, iii, 305. Encamps at Hussein-poor; attacked by the Vezir, iii, 306. His defeat; his settlement with the Vezir, iii, 307.
45.3.339
Ahmed-shah, Emperor, encounters Ahmed shah-abdali in a hot action ; suffers his army to be besieged for seven days, iii, 261. His victory, iii., 262. Proclaimed Emperor, iii, 264. His favorite eunuch, Djavid qhan, concludes a shameful treaty with the Abdali-monarch, iii, 327. Conspires for the ruin of his Vezir, Abool-mansoor-qhan, iii, 330-331. Confers the Vezirship on Intyzam ed-dowla ; invests Mir-sheab-eddin with absolute power to conduct war against the late Vezir, iii, 332. His capital, the theatre of War and bloodshed for six months, iii, 333. His peace and agreement with the Vezir; makes over to him the Governments of Illah-abad and Oudh in terms of the agreement, iii, 335. Rejects the request of Mir-sheab-eddin ; approves of the advice of Radja-sooroodj-mull, iii, 336. Deposed, imprisoned and blinded by Mir-sheab-eddin, iii, 339.
45.3.381
Ahmed-shah ABDALI, invited by Nedjib-ed-dowlah, Ahmed-qhan-bangash, Shudja ed-dowlah, and other Afghan Princes ; arrives at Shah-djehan-abad and inflicts on the Marhattas several destructive defeats ; returns to Candahar, his capital, ii, 413. Recommends all the Indian Princes to acknowledge Shah-aalem as their lawful sovereign, ii, 414. The founder of the new monarchy of the Doorannies ; taken prisoner by Nadyr-shah ; raised to the office of Commander, iii, 250. Becomes a potent Prince, shortly after the death of Nadyr-shah ; makes seven expeditions to Hindostan, iii, 251. Aspires to the throne on the prediction of a Fakyr, iii, 252. Takes the fortress of Candahar; offers the Government of Cabool to Nassyr-qhan ; besieges Cabool, iii, 253. Accepts Shah-nevaz-qhan's offer of the Governments of Lahore and Mooltan, iii, 254. His generous treatment of the family of the fugitive Nassyr-qhan, iii, 256. His unsuccessful attempt at settlement with Shah-nevaz-qhan, iii, 257. His engagement with Shah-nevaz qhan, iii. 258. His victory; undertakes an expedition against Emperor Mahmed shah, iii, 259. Sacks and plunders the town of Ser-hend, iii, 260. Besieges the Imperial army for seven days, iii, 261. His ammunition accidentally takes fire; his army dismayed, takes to flight ; his defeat, iii, 262. Marches towards Lahore; his progress checked by Mir mannoo, iii, 325. His accommodation with Mir mannoo ; returns towards Cabool and Candahar, iii, 326. Sends Calandar-qhan as Ambassador to the Court of Delhi ; the eunuchs of the Court of Delhi conclude a humiliating treaty with his Ambassador, iii, 327. Marches against the Vezir, Mir-sheab-eddin ; pays a visit to the Emperor Aalemghir II. iii 349. His matrimonial alliance with the House of Babar, iii, 350. His marauding expedition, an account of, iii, 352. Gives protection to Maleca-zamani and Sahabamahul, consorts of the Emperor Mahmed-shah ; marries the latter's daughter, iii, 353. Defeats the Marhattas in the Battle of Badely, iii, 379. Defeats the Marhattas in another bloody action, iii, 381.
45.3.7
Pursues the Marhattas and defeats them in a number of skirmishes, iii, 387. His victory over the Marhattas at Panipoot, iii, 391. Bestows the Empire of Hindostan upon Shah-aalem, iii, 392. Returns to his own dominions, iii, 393. Defeats the Syks in a bloody battle ; settles affairs in Lahore and Cashmir, iv, 4. Sends a body of troops for the subjugation of Cashmir ; directs the Radja of Jummu to assist him in the undertaking, iv, 6. His victory over Djivan, the Syk ; his march to Candahar and Cabool, iv, 7.
45.4.561
Ahmuty, Captain, his regiment of Talingas mutinies ; sends advice of the event to Major Monro, ii 561.
45.4.122
America, (Yenghi-duniah), the people, soil, and geographical position of, iv, 120. Its discovery, the circumstances that led to, iv, 121. Converted into a Colony by the English, iv, 122.
45.4.124
Americans, The, revolt and defeat the English ; assisted by the French, iv, 123. Joined by the Spaniards, iv, 124.
45.4.476
Aminah-begum, youngest daughter of Aaly-verdy-qhan ; gives birth to Seradj ed dowla, i, 282. An aspersion against her moral character, i, 282 (foot-note). Her presence of mind, ii, 38. Taken prisoner by the Afghans, ii, 43. Rescued from prison, ii, 56. Sent to Dacca as prisoner ii, 281. Condemned to death by Miren ; meets her death, with heroical resignation, ii, 370-371.
Amyatt, Mr., appointed Chief of the Factory at Azim-abad ; favour shown by him to Mir-abdollah, ii, 270. His answer to Ram narain, ii, 292. Informed of Prince Shah-aalem's arrival ; measures taken by him, ii, 295. Sees Ram-narain ; his answer to a question put by the latter, ii, 342. Prepares for his own defence, ii, 349. Enjoins the author to write to his father to keep away from the Imperial camp, ii, 354. His instructions to Ram-narain, ii, 357. His circumstantial details of Captain Knox's victory over Qhadum-hassen-qhan, ii, 362. Objects to the resolution of the English Councillors at Calcutta ; comes to Calcutta to make vigorous objections to Mr. Holwell's acting as Governor ; his representation answers no purpose, ii, 374. Forms a strong party against Governor Vansittart ; objects to the latter's scheme, ii, 380. Objects to his connection with Mir-cassem-qhan, ii, 416-417. His embassy to Mir-cassem-qhan, ii, 454. His reply to the author's questions, ii, 459. His arrival at Monghyr ; visits Mir-cassem-qhan ; offended with him, ii, 462-463. Insists upon the boat destined for Azim-abad Factory, not being detained, ii, 465. His voyage to Calcutta, ii, 466. His murder, ii, 476.
45.4.101
Anderson, Mr., a Member of the Council of Azim-abad, recalled to preside at the Board of Revenue at Calcutta, iii, 101.
45.4.101_2
Aoreng-zib, the Emperor, falls ill, i, 1. Gives the Viceroyalty of Bidjapoor to his youngest son, Cambaqhsh ; orders his second son, Aazem-shah, to set out for his Government of Malva, i, 2. Alarming state of his health ; his death, i, 3. Intended distribution of his dominions, i, 4. His territories encroached on by Sivadji; sends Shahista-qhan and Djesvent-rhator to chastise him, iv, 14. Sends his son, Soltan Muazzem, to bring Sivadji under submission; confines Sivadji, iv, 15. Takes up his abode in Aoreng-abad for twenty-five years to chastise the Marhattas, iv, 16. His character and administration contrasted with those of Emperor Shah-aalem, iv, 125. His victory over his brother; sends his father to prison, iv, 127. His tyranny over his father and brothers, iv, 128-129. Orders the execution of his brother, Dara-shecoh, iv, 135. A short review of his administration, iv, 137-140. Allows unbounded sway to the ecclesiastics, iv, 141-142. Confines his sons; his suspicious temper alienates everybody, iv, 145-146. His antipathy for the Gentoos illustrated by the case of Djesvent-rhator, iv, 147 148. Outwitted by Radja Djesvent's officers in the matter of two Ranies, iv, 149-150. His pretensions to act up to the principles of religion exemplified; his hostile attitude towards the Radjas of the Rhator family; sends for his sons to take part in the expedition against Adjmir, iv, 151. His youngest son. Prince Ecber, revolts; suspects his eldest son, Sultan Muazzem, iv, 152. Enforces capitation-tax on the Hindus; his new tax protested against, iv, 158. His inhuman treatment of the Hindu mob; his obstinacy and hard-heartedness; his apathy to his illustrious Generals; forbids the historians of his time to proceed with their chronicles, iv, 159. The gaps in his history, filled up by a collection of facts and traditional materials; his shameful defeats attributed to the general discontent of his officers and ministers, iv, 160. Terrible attack on his private character and public life, iv, 164-165. His haughty letter to the King of Haider-abad, iv, 166. His crafty instructions to his Ambassador, iv, 167. Trains Sheab-eddin to war, iv, 168. Orders Sheab-eddin to possess certain Marhatta fortresses; the fortress of Salir surrenders to, iv, 169. His magnificent preparations for the expedition of Bidjapoor; appoints his son, Aazem-shah, to command the expedition, iv, 174. Ill will and jealousy amongst his sons and his Generals, iv, 175. The combined efforts of his best Generals prove a failure; his whole army put to straits, iv, 176. Goes in person to the field of Bidjapoor, iv, 177. Bidjapoor surrenders to; orders for the confinement of Sekendar-shah, the King of Bidjapoor, iv, 179. Undertakes an expedition to Haider-abad; lays siege to it; his army narrowly escapes defeat through the interposition of Providence, iv, 180-181. Sends his son, Sultan Muazzem, to assist Qhan-djehan; his army repeatedly attacked by the Haider abadians, iv, 182. His reproaches to the victorious General, Seyd-abdollah; his letter to the General full of the bitterest complaints, iv, 183. His Generals hold a Council of War and exchange messages with those of the enemy, iv, 184. His victory at Haider-abad iv, 187. Ruin of the magnificent city of Haider-abad attributed to, iv, 188. Concludes a treaty of peace with the King of Haider-abad, iv, 189. His ungenerous treatment of his illustrious General, Qhan djehan, iv, 191. His diplomatic policy with regard to Haider abad, iv, 192-193. His fanatical conduct criticised by the Divines of Haider-abad; his conduct defended by the envoy, Saadet-qhan, iv, 194-195. His praise of Saadet-qhan for defending his character; marches to Haider-abad; receives a respectful letter from Abool-hassen, iv, 196. His malignity of heart exemplified by the darkest deeds of his life; his manifesto to the King of Haider-abad, iv, 197. Encamps near Golconda; besieges the fortress; his army attacked, iv, 198. Offended with Sultan Muazzem, iv, 200. Imprisons Sultan Muazzem with his family and consort; subjects them to insults and ignominy, iv, 201. Tired of the protracted siege of Golconda; debauches the principal Generals of Haider-abad, iv, 203-204. Conducts the siege in person; famine in his camp, iv, 205. His mortification at the failure of an attempt at escalade, iv, 206. Noble and curious letter of the King of Haider-abad to, iv, 208-209. Digs mines to blow up the walls of Golconda; his mines have a retrogade effect, iv, 210. His intrepidity, iv, 211. Meets with several reverses; settles a regular Government at Haider-abad, iv, 212. His reception of the King of Haider-abad; imprisons him in the fortress of Doolet-abad, iv, 220. Turns his victorious standard to Bidjapoor; sends for Abdol-rezac; orders for his confinement, iv, 224. His ungenerous treatment of his General, Saadet-qhan, iv, 226. His character compared with that of Abool-hassen, iv, 227-228.
AREFAT-DAY, (i. e., ninth of the month of Zilhidj) iv, 291, (foot-note).
ASSED-QHAN, appointed Vekil-mootlak, or Agent-General, i, 15. Intercedes in behalf of his son, Zulficar-qhan, i, 58. Met with a severe punishment, i, 62. His character and death, i, 99. Receives a humble message from Emperor Feroh-syur; his reply thereto, i, 101.
45.4.396
ASSED-YAR-QHAN, a famous Poet, his death; short history of, iii, 239-240.
ASSED-ZEMAN-QHAN, Zemindar of Birbohom, his refusal to meet the undue claim of Mir-cassem-qhan, ii, 394. Posts his troops at Kerivha and stands on his defence, ii, 395. His whole army dispersed by a handful of English, ii, 396.
45.4.291
ASSEF-ED-DOWLA, alias, MIRZA-AMANI, succeeds his father under unfavorable circumstances, iv, 69-70. His character criticised; his message to his mother for payment of his late father's treasures, iv, 71. Attempts to seize Sidy-beshir; deprives his younger brother of the administration of Rohil-cund, iv, 72. Mr. Middleton appointed Resident at the court of, iv, 73. John Bristow, the new Resident, becomes all in-all at his court, iv, 74. His senseless conduct; disbands his father's disciplined troops, iv, 76-77. Weakness of his administration, iv, 83. Takes the assistance of the English to surprise Mahboob-aaly-qhan, iv, 84. His private life and character, iv, 96-100.
ASSIR, Fortress of, ceded to the Marhattas by Nizam-aaly, iii, 359. Its origin and history, iii, 362-363.
ATA-OLLAH-QHAN, his connection with Shudja-qhan, late Viceroy of Bengal; invested with the Government of Acber-nagur-radje-mahl, ii, 19. Sent to offer assistance to Mirdjaafer-qhan; his success in an action against the Marhattas, ii, 24. Conspires against Aaly-verdy-qhan; unbecoming reception of Aaly-verdy-qhan by, ii, 25. His petition to Aaly-verdy-qhan; quits the army, ii, 26. His treasonable letter intercepted, ii, 49. His banishment; his amazing fortune, ii, 69. Fights for Nevol-roy; slain in battle, iii, 291.
45.4.220
AZIM-ABAD, universal rejoicing at, after the defeat of the Afghans, ii, 57. Siege of, ii, 349-353; 532-535.
AZIM-OLLAH-QHAN, neglected by the Emperor Mahmed-shah on his failure to get Malva out of the hands of the Marhattas; assumes a different attitude; dismissed from office, iii, 219. Pursued; takes the protection of Zekeriah-qhan, iii, 220.
45.4.29
AZIM-USH-SHAN, second son of Bahadyr-shah, assumes the crown, i, 22. His defeat in the battle with his brother, Muez-eddin, i, 25-29. Drowned, i, 29.