The Nāṣirī Generations 288.1.6

288.1.6

When they placed Mangu Khan upon the throne, he conferred the dominion of I-ran and 'Ajam upon his younger brother, Hulaku ; and another younger brother, named Kubilan, after he had returned from the conquest of 'Irak, he installed over the tribes of Turkistan, and a third brother, Artuk Bukah, he placed as his deputy over the kingdoms of Tamghaj. He [Mangu] then assembled a numerous army, and marched into the country of Chin and reached a place where the horses of his forces, through the insalubrity of the climate, and want of forage, apparently, they found grain and forage excessively scarce. They accordingly despatched information to the Ka'an, stating that it would be impossible to proceed by that route, and asked permission to march by another road into Kara-Jang. This is the tract of country which Rashid-ud-Din, quoting Al-Biruni, mentions. After noticing Dew-gir and the Ma'abar in the Dakhan of Hind, he says: There is also another large territory which is Gandhar, and called by the Mughals Kara-Jang or Hamil, and its people are descended from Hindi and Khita-i parents. In the reign of Kubilae Ka'an it was subdued by the Mughals. On one side it joins Tibbat, on another, the frontier of Khitae, and on the third, Hind. Learned men have said that the people of three different countries are particularly celebrated for three different things: Hind for its numerous armies, the territory of Gandhar for its elephants beyond computation, and the Turks for horses.”