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Bhagavadgita 12

Gītābhāṣya (of Rāmānuja) 12

Language
Sanskrit

12

bhaktiyoganiṣṭhānāṃ prāpyabhūtasya parasya brahmaṇo bhagavato nārāyaṇasya niraṅkuśāiśvaryaṃ sākṣātkartukāmāyārjunāya anavadhikātiśayakāruṇyāudāryasauśīlyādiguṇasāgareṇa satyasaṃkalpena bhagavatā svāiśvaryaṃ yathāvad avasthitaṃ darśitam; uktaṃ ca tattvato bhagavajjñānadarśanaprāptīnām aikāntikātyantikabhagavadbhaktyekalabhyatvam / ananataram ātmaprāptisādhanabhūtād atmopāsanād bhaktirūpasya bhagavadupāsanasya svasādhyaniṣpādane śaighryāt susukhopādānatvāc ca śraiṣṭhyam, bhagavadupāsanopāyaś ca, tadaśaktasyākṣaraniṣṭhatā, tadapekṣitāś cocyante / bhagavadupāsanasya prāpyabhūtopāsyaśraiṣṭhyāc śraiṣṭhyaṃ tu, "yoginām api sarveṣāṃ madgatenāntarātmanā / śraddhāvān bhajate yo mām sa me yuktatamo mataḥ // ity atroktam

12.1

evaṃ satatayuktā ye bhaktās tvāṃ paryupāsate |
ye cāpy akṣaram avyaktaṃ teṣāṃ ke yogavittamāḥ ||
evam -- "matkarmakṛt" ityādinoktena prakāreṇa, satatayuktāḥ bhagavantaṃ tvām eva paraṃ prāpyaṃ manvānāḥ ye bhaktāḥ, tvām sakalavibhūtiyuktam anavadhikātiśayasaundaryasauśīlyasārvajñyasatyasaṃkalpatvādyanantaguṇasāgaraṃ paripūrṇam upāsate, ye cāpy akṣaraṃ pratyagātmasvarūpam tad eva ca avyaktaṃ cakṣurādikaraṇānabhivyaktasvarūpam upāsate; teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ ke yogavittamāḥ -- ke svasādhyaṃ prati śīghragāmina ityarthaḥ, "bhavāmi na cirāt pārtha" iti uttaratra yogavittamatvaṃ śaighryaviṣayam iti hi vyañjayiṣyate //

12.2

śrī-bhagavān uvāca ---
mayy āveśya mano ye māṃ nityayuktā upāsate |
śraddhayā parayopetās te me yuktatamāḥ matāḥ ||
atyarthamatpriyatvena mano mayy āveśya śraddhayā parayopetāḥ nityayuktāḥ nityayogaṃ kāṅkṣamāṇāḥ ye mām upāsate -- prāpyaviṣayaṃ mano mayy āveśya ye mām upāsata ityarthaḥ -- te yuktatamāḥ -- māṃ sukhenācirāt prāpnuvantītyarthaḥ //

12.3

ye tv akṣaram anirdeśyam avyaktaṃ paryupāsate |
sarvatragam acintyaṃ ca kūṭastham acalaṃ dhruvam ||

12.4

sanniyamyendriyagrāmaṃ sarvatra samabuddhayaḥ |
te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarvabhūtahite ratāḥ ||

12.5

kleśo 'dhikataras teṣām avyaktāsaktacetasām |
avyaktā hi gatir duḥkhaṃ dehavadbhir avāpyate ||

12.3-5

ye tu akṣaram pratyagātmasvarūpam, anirdeśyam dehād anyatayā devādiśabdānirdeśyam tata eva cakṣurādikaraṇānabhivyaktam, sarvatragam acintyaṃ ca -- sarvatra devādideheṣu vartamānam api tadvisajātīyatayā tena tena rūpeṇa cintayitum anarham, tata eva kūṭastham sarvasādhāraṇam -- tat tad devādyasādhāraṇākārāsaṃbaddham ityarthaḥ -- apariṇāmitvena svāsādhāraṇākārān na calati na cyavata ity acalam, tata eva dhruvam, nityam / sanniyāmyendriyagrāmam cakṣurādikam indriyagrāmaṃ sarvaṃ svavyāpārebhyas samyaṅniyamya, sarvatra samabuddhayaḥ sarvatra devādiviṣamākāreṣu deheṣv avasthiteṣv ātmasu jñānaikākāratayā samabuddhayaḥ, tata eva sarvabhūtahite ratāḥ sarvabhūtāhitarahitatvān nivṛttāḥ / sarvabhūtāhitarahitatvaṃ hy ātmano devādiviṣamākārābhimānanimittam
/ ya evam akṣaram upāsate, te 'pi māṃ prāpnuvanty eva -- matsamānākāram asaṃsāriṇam ātmānaṃ prāpnuvanty evetyarthaḥ / "mama sādharmyam āgatāḥ" iti hi vakṣyate / śrūyate ca, "nirañjanaḥ paramaṃ sāmyam upaiti" iti / tathā akṣaraśabdanirdiṣṭāt kūṭasthād anyatvaṃ parasya brahmaṇo vakṣyate, "kūṭastho 'kṣara ucyate / uttamaḥ puruṣas tv anyaḥ" iti / "atha parā yayā tad akṣaram adhikgamyate" ity akṣaravidyāyāṃ tu akṣaraśabdanirdiṣṭaṃ param eva brahma, bhūtayonitvādeḥ /teṣām avyaktāsaktacetasāṃ kleśas tv adhikataraḥ / avyaktā hi gatiḥ avyaktaviṣayā manovṛttiḥ dehavadbhiḥ dehātmābhimānayuktaiḥ duḥkhenāvāpyate / dehavanto hi deham eva ātmānaṃ manyante //

p297773

bhagavantam upāsīnānāṃ yuktatamatvaṃ suvyaktam āha --

12.6

ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya matparāḥ |
ananyenaiva yogena māṃ dhyāyanta upāsate ||

12.7

teṣām ahaṃ samuddhartā mṛtyusaṃsārasāgarāt |
bhavāmi na cirāt pārtha mayy āveśitacetasām ||

12.6-7

ye tu laukikāni dehayātrāśeṣabhūtāni, dehadhāraṇārthāni ca aśanādīni karmāṇi, vaidikāni ca yagadānahomatapaḥprabhṛtīni sarvāṇi sakāraṇāni soddeśyāni adhyātmacetasā mayi saṃnyasya, matparāḥ madekaprāpyāḥ, ananyenaiva yogena ananyaprayojanena yogena māṃ dhyāyanta upāsate dhyānārcanapraṇāmastutikīrtanādīni svayam evātyarthapriyāṇi prāpyasamāni kurvanto mām upāsata ityarthaḥ / teṣāṃ matprāptivirodhitayā mṛtyubhūtāt saṃsārākhyāt sāgarād aham acireṇaiva kālena samuddhartā bhavāmi //

12.8

mayy eva mana ādhatsva mayi buddhiṃ niveśaya |
nivasiṣyasi mayy eva ata ūrdhvaṃ na saṃśayaḥ ||
ato 'tiśayitapuruṣārthatvāt sulabhatvād aciralabhyatvāc ca mayy eva mana ādhatsva mayi manassamādhānaṃ kuru / mayi buddhiṃ niveśaya aham eva paramaprāpya ity adhyavasāyaṃ kuru / ata ūrdhvaṃ mayy eva nivasiṣyasi / aham eva paramaprāpya ity adhyavasāyapūrvakamanoniveśanānantaram eva mayi nivasiṣyasītyarthaḥ //

12.9

atha cittaṃ samādhātuṃ na śaknoṣi mayi sthiram |
abhyāsayogena tato mām icchāptuṃ dhanañjaya ||
atha sahasaiva mayi sthiraṃ cittaṃ samādhātuṃ na śaknoṣi, tato 'bhyāsayogena mām āptum iccha svābhāvikānavadhikātiśayasaundaryasauśīlyasauhārdavātsalyakāruṇyamādhuryagāmbhīryāudāryaśairyavīryaparākramasārvajñyasatyakāmatvasatyasaṃkalpatvasarveśvaratvasakalakāraṇatvādyasaṃkhyeyaguṇasāgare nikhilaheyapratyanīke mayi niratiśayapremagarbhasmṛtyabhyāsayogena sthiraṃ cittasamādhānaṃ labdhvā māṃ prāptum iccha //

12.10

abhyāse 'py asamartho 'si matkarmaparamo bhava |
madartham api karmāṇi kurvan siddhim avāpsyasi ||
athaivaṃvidhasmṛtyabhyāse 'py asamartho 'si, matkarmaparamo bhava / madīyāni karmāṇy ālayanirmāṇodyonakaraṇapradīpāropaṇamārjanābhyukṣaṇopalepanapuṣpāharaṇapūjāpravartananāmasaṃkīrtanapradakṣiṇastutinamaskārādīni; tāni atyarthapriyatvenācara / atyarthapriyatvena madarthaṃ karmāṇi kurvann api acirād abhyāsayogapūrvikāṃ mayi sthirāṃ cittasthitiṃ labdhvā matprāptirūpāṃ siddhim avāpsyasi //

12.11

athaitad apy aśakto 'si kartuṃ madyogam āśritaḥ |
sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān ||
atha madyogam āśrityaitad api kartuṃ na śaknoṣi -- madguṇānusandhānakṛtamadekapriyatvākāraṃ bhaktiyogam āśritya bhaktiyogāṅkurarūpam etan matkarmāpi kartuṃ na śaknoṣi, tato 'kṣarayogam ātmasvabhāvānusandhānarūpaṃ parabhaktijananaṃ pūrvaṣaṭkoditam āśritya tadupāyatayā sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ kuru / matpriyatvena madekaprāpyatābuddhir hi prakṣīṇāśeṣapāpasyaiva jāyate / yatātmavān yatamanaskaḥ / tato 'nabhisaṃhitaphalena madārādhanarūpeṇānuṣṭhitena karmaṇā siddhenātmadhyānena nivṛttāvidyādisarvatirodhāne maccheṣataikasvarūpe pratyagātmani sākṣātkṛte sati mayi parā bhaktiḥ svayam evotpadyate / tathā ca vakṣyate, "svakarmaṇā tam abhyarcya siddhiṃ vindati mānavaḥ" ity ārabhya, "vimucya nirmamaś śānto brahmabhūyāya
kalapate / brahmabhūtaḥ prasannātmā na śocati na kāṅkṣati / samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu madbhaktiṃ labhate parām" iti //

12.12

śreyo hi jñānam abhyāsāj jñānād dhyānaṃ viśiṣyate |
dhyānāt karmaphalatyāgaḥ tyāgāc chāntir anantaram ||
atyarthaprītivirahitāt karkaśarūpāt smṛtyabhyāsād akṣarayāthātmyānusandhānapūrvakaṃ tadāparokṣyajñānam eva ātmahitatvena viśiṣyate / ātmāparokṣyajñānād apy aniṣpannarūpāt tadupāyabhūtātmadhyānam evātmahitatve viśiṣyate / taddhyānād apy aniṣpannarūpāt tadupāyabhūtaṃ phalatyāgenānuṣṭhitaṃ karmaiva viśiṣyate / anabhisaṃhitaphalād anuṣṭhitāt karmaṇo 'nantaram eva nirastapāpatayā manasaś śāntir bhaviṣyati; śānte manasi ātmadhyānaṃ saṃpatsyate; dhyānāc ca tadāparokṣyam; tadāparokṣyāt parā bhaktiḥ -- iti bhaktiyogābhyāsāśaktasyātmaniṣṭhaiva śreyasī / ātmaniṣṭhasyāpi aśāntamanaso niṣṭhāprāptaye antargatātmajñānānabhisaṃhitaphalakarmaniṣṭhaiva śreyasītyarthaḥ //

p302344

anabhisaṃhitaphalakarmaniṣṭhasyopādeyān guṇān āha --

12.13

adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānāṃ maitraḥ karuṇa eva ca |
nirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ samaduḥkhasukhaḥ kṣamī ||

12.14

santuṣṭas satataṃ yogī yatātmā dṛḍhaniścayaḥ |
mayy arpitamanobuddhir yo madbhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||

12.13-14

adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānām -- vidviṣatām apakurvatām api sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām adveṣṭā -- madaparādhānuguṇam īśvarapreritāny etāni bhūtāni dviṣanty apakurvanti cety anusandadhānaḥ; teṣu dviṣatsu apkurvatsu ca sarvabhūteṣu maitrīṃ matiṃ kurvan maitraḥ, teṣv eva duḥkhiteṣu karuṇāṃ kurvan karuṇaḥ, nirmamaḥ dehendriyeṣu tatsaṃbandhiṣu ca nirmamaḥ, nirahaṅkāraḥ dehātmābhimānarahitaḥ, tata eva samaduḥkhasukhaḥ sukhaduḥkhāgamayoḥ sāṅkalpikayoḥ harṣodvegarahitaḥ, kṣamī sparśaprabhavayor avarjanīyayor api tayor vikārarahitaḥ, saṃtuṣṭaḥ yadṛcchopanatena yena kenāpi dehadhāraṇadravyeṇa saṃtuṣṭaḥ, satataṃ yogī satataṃ prakṛtiviyuktātmānusandhānaparaḥ, yatātmā niyamitamanovṛttiḥ, dṛḍhaniścayaḥ
adhyātmaśāstroditeṣv artheṣu dṛḍhaniścayaḥ, mayy arpitamanobuddhiḥ bhagavān vāsedeva evānabhisaṃhitaphalenānuṣṭhitena karmaṇā ārādhyate, ārādhitaś ca mama ātmāparokṣyaṃ sādhayiṣyatīti mayy arpitamanobuddhiḥ, ya evaṃbhūto madbhaktaḥ -- evaṃ karmayogena māṃ bhajamāno yaḥ, sa me priyaḥ //

12.15

yasmān nodvijate loko lokān nodvijate ca yaḥ |
harṣāmarṣabhayodvegair mukto yaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ ||
yasmāt karmaniṣṭhāt puruṣān nimittabhūtāl loko nodvijate -- yo lokodvegakaraṃ karma kiñcid api na karotītyarthaḥ / lokāc ca nimittabhūtād yo nodvijate -- yam uddiśya sarvaloko nodvegakaraṃ karma karoti; sarvāvirodhitvaniścayāt / ata eva kañcana prati harṣeṇa, kañcana prati amarṣeṇa, kañcana prati bhayena, kañcana prati udvegena muktah; evaṃbhūto yaḥ, so 'pi mama priyaḥ //

12.16

anapekṣaḥ śucir dakṣa udāsīno gatavyathaḥ |
sarvārambhaparityāgī yo madbhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||
anapekṣaḥ ātmavyatirikte kṛtsne vastuny anapekṣaḥ, śuciḥ śāstravihitadravyavardhitakāyaḥ, dakṣaḥ -- śāstrīyakriyopādānasamarthaḥ, anyatrodāsīnaḥ, ganavyathaḥ śāstrīyakriyānirvṛttau avarjanīyaśītoṣṇapuruṣasparśādiduḥkheṣu vyathārahitaḥ, sarvārambhaparityāgī śāstrīyavyatiriktasarvakarmārambhaparityāgī, ya evaṃbhūto madbhaktaḥ, sa me priyaḥ //

12.17

yo na hṛṣyati na dveṣṭi na śocati na kāṅkṣati |
śubhāśubhaparityāgī bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||
yo na hṛṣyati -- yan manuṣyāṇāṃ harṣanimittaṃ priyajātam, tat prāpya yaḥ karmayogī na hṛṣyati; yac cāpriyam, tat prāpya na dveṣṭi; yac ca manuṣyāṇāṃ śokanimittaṃ bhāryāputravittakṣayādikam, tat prāpya na śocati; tathāvidham aprāptaṃ ca na kāṅkṣati; śubhāśubhaparityāgī pāpavat puṇyasyāpi bandhahetutvāviśeṣād ubhayaparityāgī / ya evaṃbhūto bhaktimān, sa me priyaḥ //

12.18

samaś śatrau ca mitre ca tathā mānāvamānayoḥ |
śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkheṣu samaḥ saṅgavivarjitaḥ ||

12.19

tulyanindāstutir maunī saṃtuṣṭo yena kenacit |
aniketaḥ sthiramatir bhaktimān me priyo naraḥ ||

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