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Bhagavadgita 5

Gītābhāṣya (of Rāmānuja) 5

Language
Sanskrit

5.1

arjuna uvāca ---
saṃnyāsaṃ karmaṇāṃ kṛṣṇa punar yogaṃ ca śaṃsasi |
yac chreya etayor ekaṃ tan me brūhi suniścitam ||
karmaṇāṃ saṃnyāsaṃ jñānayogam punaḥ karmayogaṃ ca śaṃsasi / etad uktaṃ bhavati -- dvitīye 'dhyāye mumukṣoḥ prathamaṃ karmayoga eva kāryaḥ, karmayogena mṛditāntaḥkaraṇakaṣāyasya jñānayogenātmadarśanaṃ kāryam iti pratipādya punas tṛtīyacaturthayoḥ jñānayogādhikāradaśāpannasyāpi karmaniṣṭhaiva jyāyasī, saiva jñānaniṣṭhānirapekṣā ātmaprāptau sādhanam iti karmaniṣṭhāṃ praśaṃśasi iti / tatraitayor jñānayogakarmayogayor ātmaprāptisādhanabhāve yad ekaṃ saukāryac chaighryāc ca śreyaḥ śreṣṭham iti suniścitam, tan me brūhi //

5.2

śrī-bhagavān uvāca ---
saṃnyāsaḥ karmayogaś ca niśśreyasakarāv ubhau |
tayos tu karmasaṃnyāsāt karmayogo viśiṣyate ||
saṃnyāsaḥ jñānayogaḥ, karmayogaś ca jñānayogaśaktasyāpy ubhau nirapekṣau niśśreyasakarau / tayos tu karmasaṃnyāsāj jñānayogāt karmayoga eva viśiṣyate //

p130890

kuta ity atrāha --

5.3

jñeyaḥ sa nityasaṃnyāsī yo na dveṣṭi na kāṅkṣati |
nirdvandvo hi mahābāho sukhaṃ bandhāt pramucyate ||
yaḥ karmayogī tadantargatātmānubhavatṛptas tadvyatiriktaṃ kim api na kāṅkṣati, tata eva kim api na dveṣṭi, tata eva dvandvasahaś ca; sa nityasaṃnyāsī nityajñānaniṣṭha iti jñeyaḥ / sa hi sukarakarmayoganiṣṭhatayā sukhaṃ bandhāt pramucyate //

p131369

jñānayogakarmayogayor ātmaprāptisādhanabhāve 'nyonyanairapekṣyam āha --

5.4

sāṃkhyayogau pṛthag bālāḥ pravadanti na paṇḍitāḥ |
ekam apy āsthitas samyag ubhayor vindante phalam ||
jñānayogakarmayogau phalabhedāt pṛthag bhūtau ye pravadanti, te bālāḥ aniṣpannajñānāḥ na paṇḍitāḥ akṛtsnavidaḥ / karmayogo jñānayogam eva sādhayati; jñānayogas tv eka ātmāvalokanaṃ sādhayatīti tayoḥ phalabhedena pṛthaktvaṃ vadanto na paṇḍitā ityarthaḥ / ubhayor ātmāvalokanaikaphalayor ekaphalatvena ekam apy āsthitas tad eva phalaṃ labhate //

p132014

etad eva vivṛṇoti --

5.5

yat sāṃkhyaiḥ prāpyate sthānaṃ tad yogair api gamyate |
ekaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati ||
sāṃkhyaiḥ jñānaniṣṭhaiḥ / yad atmāvalokanarūpaṃ phalaṃ prāpyate, tad eva karmayoganiṣṭhair api prāpyate / evam ekaphalatvena ekaṃ vaikalpikaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati, sa paśyati sa eva paṇḍita ityarthaḥ //

p132463

iyān viśeṣa ity āhā --

5.6

saṃnyāsas tu mahābāho duḥkham āptum ayogataḥ |
yogayukto munir brahma na cireṇādhigacchati ||
saṃnyāsaḥ jñānayogas tu ayogataḥ karmayogād rte prāptum aśakyaḥ; yogayuktaḥ karmayogayuktaḥ svayam eva muniḥ ātmamananaśīlaḥ sukhena karmayogaṃ sādhayitvā na cireṇa alpenaiva kālena brahmādhigacchati ātmānaṃ prāpnoti / jñānayogayuktas tu mahatā duḥkhena jñānayogaṃ sādhayati; duḥkhasādhyatvād ātmānaṃ cireṇa prāpnotītyarthaḥ //

5.7

yogayukto viśuddhātmā vijitātmā jitendriyaḥ |
sarvabhūtātmabhūtātmā kurvann api na lipyate ||
karmayogayuktas tu śāstrīye paramapuruṣārādhanarūpe viśuddhe karmaṇi vartamānaḥ tena viśuddhamanāḥ vijitātmā svābhyaste te karmaṇi vyāpṛtamanastvena sukhena vijitamanāḥ , tata eva jitendiyaḥ kartur ātmano yāthātmyānusandhānaniṣṭhatayā sarvabhūtātmabhūtātmā sarveṣāṃ devādibhūtānām ātmabhūta ātmā yasyāsau sarvabhūtātmabhūtātmā / ātmayāthātmyam anusandhānasya hi devādīnāṃ svasya caikākāra ātmā; devādibhedānāṃ prakṛtipariṇāmaviśeṣarūpatayātmākāratvāsaṃbhavāt / prakṛtiviyuktaḥ sarvatra devādideheṣu jñānaikākāratayā samānākāra iti "nirdoṣaṃ hi samaṃ brahma" iti anantaram eva vakṣyate / sa evaṃbhūtaḥ karma kurvann api anātmany ātmābhimānena na lipyate -- na saṃbadhyate / ato 'cireṇātmānaṃ
prāpnotītyarthaḥ //

p133959

yataḥ saukaryāc chaighryāc ca karmayoga eva śreyān, atas tadapekṣitaṃ śṛṇu --

5.8

naiṣa kiñcit karomīti yukto manyeta tattvavit |
paśyan śṛṇvan spṛśan jighran aśnan gacchan svapan śvasan ||

5.9

pralapan visṛjan gṛhṇan unmiṣan nimiṣann api |
indriyāṇīndriyārtheṣu vartanta iti dhārayan ||

5.8-9

evam ātmatattvavic śrotrādīni jñānendriyāṇi, vāgādīni ca karmendriyāṇi, praṇāś ca svaviṣayeṣu vartanta iti dhārayan anusandhānaḥ nāhaṃ kiṃcit karomīti manyeta -- jñānaikasvabhāvasya mama karmamūlendriyaprāṇasaṃbandhakṛtam īdṛśaṃ kartṛtvam; na svarūpaprayuktam iti manyetetyarthaḥ //

5.10

brahmaṇy ādhāya karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ |
lipyate na sa pāpena padmapatram ivāmbhasā ||
brahmaśabdena prakṛtir ihocyate / "mama yonir mahad brahma" iti hi vakṣyate / indriyāṇāṃ prakṛtipariṇāmaviśeṣarūpatvena indriyākāreṇāvasthitāyāṃ prakṛtau "paśyañ chṛṇvan" ityādyuktaprakāreṇa karmāṇy ādhāya, phalasaṅgaṃ tyaktvā, naiva kiṃcit karomīti yaḥ karmāṇi karoti, sa prakṛtisaṃsṛṣṭatayā vartamāno 'pi prakṛtyātmābhimānarūpeṇa bandhahetunā pāpena na lipyate / padmapatram ivāmbhasā -- yathā padmapatram ambhasā saṃsṛṣṭam api na lipyate, tathā na lipyata ityarthaḥ //

5.11

kāyena manasā buddhyā kevalair indriyair api |
yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātmaśuddhaye ||
kāyamanobuddhīndriyasādhyaṃ karma svargādiphalasaṅgaṃ tyaktvā yogina ātmaviśuddhaye kuranti; ātmagataprācīnakarmabandhavināśāya kurvantītyarthaḥ //

5.12

yuktaḥ karmaphalaṃ tyaktvā śāntim āpnoti naiṣṭhikīm |
ayuktaḥ kāmakāreṇa phale sakto nibadhyate ||
yuktaḥ -- ātmavyatiriktaphaleṣv acapalaḥ ātmaikapravaṇaḥ, karmaphalaṃ tyaktvā kevalam ātmaśuddhaye karmānuṣṭhāya naiṣṭhikīṃ śāntim āpnoti -- sthirām ātmānubhavarūpāṃ nirvṛtim āpnoti / ayuktaḥ -- ātmavyatiriktaphaleṣu capalaḥ ātmāvalokanavimukhaḥ kāmakāreṇa phale saktaḥ karmāṇi kurvan nityaṃ karmabhir badhyate -- nityasaṃsārī bhavati / ataḥ phalasaṅgarahitaḥ indriyākāreṇa pariṇatāyāṃ prakṛtau karmāṇi saṃnyasya ātmano bandhamocanāyaiva karmāṇi kurvītetyuktaṃ bhavati //

p136374

atha dehākāreṇa pariṇatāyāṃ prakṛtau kartṛtvasaṃnyāsa ucyate --

5.13

sarvakarmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyāste sukhaṃ vaśī /
navadvāre pure dehī naiva kurvan na kārayan //
ātmanaḥ prācīnakarmamūladehasaṃbandhaprayuktam idaṃ karmaṇāṃ kartṛtvam; na svarūpaprayuktam iti vivekaviṣayeṇa manasā sarvāṇi karmāṇi navadvāre pure saṃnyasya dehī svayaṃ vaśī dehādhiṣṭhānaprayatnam akurvan dehaṃ ca naiva kārayan sukham āste //

p136898

sākṣād ātmanaḥ svābhāvikaṃ rūpam āha --

5.14

na kartṛtvaṃ na karmāṇi lokasya sṛjati prabhuḥ |
na karmaphalasaṃyogaṃ svabhāvas tu pravartate ||
asya devatiryaṅmanuṣyasthāvarātmanā prakṛtisaṃsargeṇa vartamānasya lokasya devādyasādhāraṇaṃ kartṛtvaṃ tattadasādhāraṇāni karmāṇi tattatkarmajanyadevādiphalasaṃyogaṃ ca, ayaṃ prabhuḥ akarmavaśyaḥ svābhāvikasvarūpeṇāvasthita ātmā na sṛjati notpādayati / kas tarhi? svabhāvas tu pravartate / svabhāvaḥ prakṛtivāsanā / anādikālapravṛttapūrvapūrvakarmajanitadevādyākāraprakṛtisaṃsargakṛtatattadātmābhimānajanitavāsanākṛtam īdṛśaṃ kartṛtvādikaṃ sarvam; na svarūpaprayuktam ityarthaḥ //

5.15

nādatte kasyacit pāpaṃ na caiva sukṛtaṃ vibhuḥ |
ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ ||
kasyacit svasaṃbandhitayābhimatasya putrādeḥ pāpaṃ duḥkhaṃ nādatte nāpanudati / kasyacit pratikūlatayābhimatasya sukṛtaṃ sukhaṃ ca nādatte nāpanudati / yato 'yaṃ vibhuḥ; na kvācitkaḥ, na devādidehādyasādhāraṇadeśaḥ, ata eva na kasyacit saṃbandhī, na kasyacit pratikūlaś ca / sarvam idaṃ vāsanākṛtam / evaṃsvabhāvasya katham iyaṃ viparītavāsanā utpadyate? ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānam jñānavirodhinā pūrvapūrvakarmaṇā svaphalānubhavayogyatvāya asya jñānam āvṛtaṃ saṃkucitam / tena jñānāvaraṇarūpeṇa karmaṇā devādidehasaṃyogas tattadātmābhimānarūpamohaś ca jāyate / tataś ca tathāvidhātmābhimānavāsanā, taducitakarmavāsanā ca; vāsanāto viparītātmābhimānaḥ, karmārambhaś copapadyate //

p138561

"sarvaṃ jñānaplavenaiva vṛjinaṃ saṃtariṣyati", "jñānāgniḥ sarvakarmāṇi bhasmasātkurute tathā", "na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram" iti pūrvoktaṃ svakāle saṃgamayati --

5.16

jñānena tu tad ajñānaṃ yeṣāṃ nāśitam ātmanaḥ |
teṣām ādityavaj jñānaṃ prakāśayati tat param ||
evaṃ vartamāneṣu sarveṣv ātmasu yeṣām ātmanām uktalakṣaṇena ātmayāthātmyopadeśajanitena ātmaviṣayeṇa aharaharabhyāsādheyātiśayena niratiśayapavitreṇa jñānena tat -- jñānāvaraṇam anādikālapravṛttānantakarmasaṃcayarūpam ajñānaṃ nāśitam, teṣāṃ tat svābhāvikaṃ paraṃ jñānam aparimitam asaṃkucitam ādityavat sarvaṃ yathāvasthitaṃ prakāśayati / teṣām iti vinaṣṭājñānānāṃ bahutvābhimānād ātmasvarūpabahutvam, "na tv evāhaṃ jātu nāsam" ityupakramāvagatam atra spaṣṭataram uktam / na cedaṃ bahutvam upādhikṛtam; vinaṣṭājñānānām upādhigandhābhāvāt / "teṣām ādityavaj jñānam" iti vyatirekanirdeśāj jñānasya svarūpānubandhidharmatvam uktam / ādityadṛṣṭāntena ca jñātṛjñānayoḥ prabhāprabhāvator
ivāvasthānaṃ ca / tata eva saṃsāradaśāyāṃ jñānasya karmaṇā saṃkoco mokṣadaśāyāṃ vikāsaś copapannaḥ //

5.17

tadbuddhayas tadātmanas tanniṣṭhās tatparāyaṇāḥ |
gacchanty apunarāvṛttiṃ jñānanirdhūtakalmaṣāḥ ||
tadbuddhayaḥ tathāvidhātmadarśanādhyavasāyāḥ, tadātmānaḥ tadviṣayamanasaḥ, tanniṣṭhāḥ tadabhyāsaniratāḥ, tatparāyaṇāḥ tad eva paramaprayojanam iti manvānāḥ, evam abhyasyamānena jñānena nirdhūtaprācīnakalmaṣāḥ tathāvidham ātmanam apunarāvṛttiṃ gacchanti / yad avasthād ātmanaḥ punarāvṛttir na vidyate, sa ātmā apunarāvṛttiḥ / svena rūpeṇāvasthitam ātmānaṃ gacchantītyarthaḥ //

5.18

vidyāvinayasaṃpanne brāhmaṇe gavi hastini |
śuni caiva śvapāke ca paṇḍitāḥ samadarśinaḥ ||
vidyāvinayasaṃpanne, kevalabrāhmaṇe, gohastiśvaśvapacādiṣu atyantaviṣamākāratayā pratīyamāneṣu ātmasu paṇḍitāḥ ātmayāthātmyavidaḥ, jñānaikākāratayā sarvatra samadarśinaḥ -- viṣamākāras tu prakṛteḥ, nātmanaḥ; ātmā tu sarvatra jñānaikākāratayā sama iti paśyantītyarthaḥ //

5.19

ihaiva tair jitas svargo yeṣāṃ sāmye sthitaṃ manaḥ |
nirdoṣaṃ hi samaṃ brahma tasmād brahmaṇi te sthitāḥ ||
ihaiva -- sādhanānuṣṭhānadaśāyām eva taiḥ sargo jitaḥ saṃsāro jitaḥ; yeṣām uktarītyā sarveṣv ātmasu sāmye sthitaṃ manaḥ / nirdoṣaṃ hi samaṃ brahma / prakṛtisaṃsargadoṣaviyuktatayā samam ātmavastu hi bramha / ātmasāmye sthitāś ced brahmaṇi sthitā eva te; brahmaṇi sthitir eva hi sṃsārajayaḥ / ātmasu jñānaikākāratayā sāmyam evānusandhānā muktā evetyarthaḥ //

p141350

yena prakāreṇāvathitasya karmayoginaḥ samadarśanarūpo jñanavipāko bhavati, taṃ prakāram upadiśati --

5.20

na prahṛṣyet priyaṃ prāpya nodvijet prāpya cāpriyam |
sthirabuddhir asaṃmūḍho brahmavid brahmaṇi sthitaḥ ||
yādṛśadehasthasya yadavasthasya prācīnakarmavāsanayā yat priyaṃ bhavati, yac cāpriyam, tadubhayaṃ prāpya harṣodvegau na kuryāt / katham? sthirabuddhiḥ -- sthire ātmani buddhir yasya saḥ sthirabuddhiḥ, asaṃmūḍho asthieṇa śarīreṇa sthiram ātmānam ekīkṛtya mohaḥ saṃmohaḥ; tadrahitaḥ / tac ca katham? brahmavid brahmaṇi sthitaḥ / upadeśena brahmavit san tasmin brahmaṇy abhyāsayuktaḥ / etad uktaṃ bhavati -- tattvavidām upadeśena ātmayāthātmyavid bhūtvā tatraiva yatamāno dehātmābhimānaṃ parityajya sthirarūpātmāvalokanapriyānubhave vyavasthitaḥ asthire prākṛte priyāpriye prāpya harṣodevegau na kuryād iti //

5.21

bāhyasparśeṣv asaktātmā vindaty ātmani yaḥ sukham |
sa brahmayogayuktātmā sukham akṣayam aśnute ||
evamuktena prakāreṇa bāhyasparśeṣu ātmavyatiriktaviṣayānubhaveṣu, asaktātmā asaktamanāḥ antarātmany eva yaḥ sukhaṃ vindati labhate, sa prakṛtyabhyāsaṃ vihāya brahmayogayuktātmā -- brahmābhyāsayuktamanāḥ brahmānubhavarūpam akṣayaṃ sukhaṃ prāpnoti //

p142750

prākṛtasya bhogasya sutyajatām āha --

5.22

ye hi saṃsparśajā bhogā duḥkhayonaya eva te |
ādyantavantaḥ kaunteya na teṣu ramate budhaḥ ||
viṣayendriyasparśajāḥ ye bhogāḥ duḥkhayonayas te -- duḥkhodarkāḥ / ādyantavantaḥ alpakālavartino hi upalabhyante / na teṣu tadyāthātmyavid ramate //

5.23

śaknotīhaiva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prāk śarīravimokṣaṇāt |
kāmakrodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ sa yuktaḥ sa sukhī naraḥ ||
śarīravimokṣaṇāt prāk ih+eva sādhanānuṣṭhānadaśāyam eva ātmānubhavaprītyā kāmakrodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ soḍhuṃ niroddhuṃ yaḥ śaknoti, sa yuktaḥ ātmānubhavāyārhaḥ / sa eva śarīravimokṣottarakālam ātmānubhavaikasukhas saṃpatsyate //

5.24

yo 'ntassukho 'ntarārāmas tathāntarjyotir eva yaḥ |
sa yogī brahma nirvāṇaṃ brahmabhūto 'dhigacchati ||
yo bāhyaviṣayānubhavaṃ sarvaṃ vihāya antassukhaḥ ātmānubhavaikasukhaḥ, antarārāmaḥ ātmaikodyānaḥ svaguṇair ātmaiva sukhavardhako yasya sa tathoktaḥ, tathāntarjyotiḥ ātmaikajñāno yo vartate, sa brahmabhūto yogī brahmanirvāṇam ātmānubhavasukhaṃ prāpnoti //

5.25

labhante brahmanirvāṇam ṛṣayaḥ kṣīṇakalmaṣāḥ |
chinnadvaidhā yatātmānas sarvabhūtahite ratāḥ ||
cchinnadvaidhāḥ śītoṣṇādidvandvair vimuktāḥ, yatātmānaḥ ātmany eva niyamitamanasaḥ, sarvabhūtahite ratāḥ ātmavat sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hiteṣv eva niratāḥ, ṛṣayaḥ draṣṭāraḥ ātmāvalokanaparāḥ, ya evambhūtās te kṣīṇāśeṣātmaprāptivirodhikalmaṣāḥ brahmanirvāṇaṃ labhante //

p144479

uktalakṣaṇānāṃ brahma atyantasulabham ity āha --

5.26

kāmakrodhaviyuktānāṃ yatīnāṃ yatacetasām |
abhito brahmanirvāṇaṃ vartate vijitātmanām ||
kāmakrodhviyuktānāṃ yatīnāṃ yatanaśīlānāṃ yatacetasāṃ niyamitamanasāṃ vijitātmanāṃ vijitamanasāṃ, brahmanirvāṇam abhito vartate / evaṃbhūtānāṃ hastasthaṃ brahmanirvāṇam ityarthaḥ //

p144921

uktaṃ karmayogaṃ svalakṣyabhūtayogaśiraskam upasaṃharati --

5.27

sparśān kṛtvā bahir bāhyāṃś cakṣuś caivāntare bhruvoḥ |
prāṇāpānau samau kṛtvā nāsābhyantaracāriṇau ||

5.28

yatendriyamanobuddhir munir mokṣaparāyaṇaḥ |
vigatecchābhayakrodho yaḥ sadā mukta eva saḥ ||

5.27-28

bāhyān viṣayasparśān bahiḥ kṛtvā bāhyendriyavyāpāraṃ sarvam upasaṃhṛtya, yogayogyāsane ṛjukāya upaviśya cakṣuṣī bhruvor antare nāsāgre vinyasya nāsābhyantaracāriṇau prāṇāpānau samau kṛtvā ucchvāsaniśvāsau samagatī kṛtvā ātmāvalokanād anyatra pravṛttyanarhendriyamanobuddhiḥ, tata eva vigatecchābhayakrodhaḥ, mokṣaparāyaṇaḥ mokṣaikaprayojanaḥ, muniḥ ātmāvalokanaśīlaḥ yaḥ, saḥ sadā mukta eva sādhyadaśāyām iva sādhanadaśāyām api mukta evetyarthaḥ //

p145825

uktasya nityanaimittikakarmetikartavyatākasya karmayogasya yogaśiraskasya suśakatām āha --

5.29

bhoktāraṃ yajñatapasāṃ sarvalokamaheśvaram |
suhṛdaṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ jñātvā mām śāntim ṛcchati ||
yajñatapasāṃ bhoktāraṃ sarvalokamaheśvaraṃ sarvabhūtānāṃ suhṛdaṃ māṃ jñātvā śāntim ṛcchati, karmayogakaraṇa eva sukham ṛcchati / sarvalokamaheśvaraṃ sarveṣāṃ lokeśvarāṇām apīśvaram; "tam īśvarāṇāṃ paramaṃ maheśvaram" iti hi śrūyate / māṃ sarvalokamaheśvaraṃ sarvasuhṛdaṃ jñātvā madārādhanarūpaḥ karmayoga iti sukhena tatra pravartata ityarthaḥ; suhṛda ārādhanāya hi sarve pravartante //

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