Bhagavadgita 4

Gūḍhārthacandrikā 4

Language: Sanskrit

4.1

he janārdana sarvairjanairardyate yācyate svābhilaṣitasiddhaya ityevambhūtastvaṃ mayā'pi śreyaniścayārthaṃ yācyase iti sambodhanābhiprāyaḥ| yadi karmaṇo buddhiḥ te tava jyāyasī matā, tat tadā karmaṇi ghore hiṃsādyanekāyāsabahule mām atibhaktaṃ kiṃ niyojayasi ‘karmaṇyevādhikāraste’1 ityādinā prerayasi? he keśava sarveśvara paramakṛpālo ‘tava śiṣyo'haṃ śādhi mām’2 ityādinā tvadekacaraṇaśaraṇaṃ māṃ prati pratāraṇā nociteti bhāvaḥ|
paramāptasarvabhūtasuhṛdāptakāmaḥ śaraṇāgatavatsalo'haṃ na karmaṇi pratārayāmi| tvayā kiṃ pratāraṇācihnaṃ mayi dṛṣṭam ? ata āha -

4.2

‘na tvevāham’² ityārabhya ‘eṣā te'bhihitā sāṅkhye’³ ityantena jñānayoga uktaḥ| tathā ‘yoge tvimāṃ śṛṇu’⁴ ityārabhya ‘karmaṇyevādhikāraste’⁵ ityantena karmayogaḥ| anayoradhikāribhedaḥ spaṣṭaṃ noktaḥ bhagavatā| nacaikādhikārikatvameva samuccayasya vivakṣitatvāditi vācyam| ‘dūreṇa hyavaraṃ karma buddhiyogāddhanañjaya’⁶ iti karmaniṣṭhāyā buddhiniṣṭhāpekṣayā nikṛṣṭatvābhidhānāt| ‘tamevaṃ viditvā'timṛtyumeti’ iti śrutyā jñānasyaiva mokṣahetutvokteḥ| nanu viruddhayoḥ samuccayāsambhavādbhinnādhikāritvamevāstviti cet, satyamekamarjunaṃ prati tūbhayopadeśo na yuktaḥ| nahi karmādhikāriṇaṃ prati jñānaniṣṭhopadeṣṭuṃ yogyā| na vā jñānādhikāriṇaṃ prati karmaniṣṭhā| nacaikaṃ pratyeva vikalpenobhayoktiḥ| utkṛṣṭanikṛṣṭayoḥ
vikalpāsambhavāditi samuccayasyādhikāribhedavyavasthitirakaṃ prati vikalpasya cāsambhavādityativyākulabuddhirarjunaḥ pṛcchati - jyāyasīti||
tava vacanaṃ vyāmiśraṃ na bhavatyeva| mama tvekādhikārakatvabhinnādhikārikatvasandehādvyāmiśraṃ saṅkīrṇārthamiva te yadvākyaṃ māṃ prati jñānakarmaniṣṭhādvayapratipādakaṃ tena vākyena me mamālpabuddhervākyatātparyāparijñānāt buddhiṃ mohayasīva| paramakāruṇikastvaṃ na mohayasyeva| mama tu svāśrayadoṣānmoho bhavatīti ivaśabdārthaḥ| māṃ prati viruddhayorniṣṭhayorupadeśāyogāt ekaṃ jñānaṃ karma vā, niścitya vada| yena adhikāraniścayapuraḥsaramuktena mayā'nuṣṭhitena jñānena karmaṇā vaikena śreyaḥ mokṣam ahamāpnuyām| evaṃ niṣṭhādvayasyaikādhikārikatve vikalpāsambhavādadhikāribhedajñānāyārjunasya praśna iti sthitam|
adhikāribhedaṃ vadannuttarayati - loka iti||

4.3

asmin adhikāritvābhimate loke viṣayerākulacittānākulacittabhedena dvividhe jane dvividhā dviprakārā niṣṭhā sthitiḥ, jñānaparatā karmaparatā ca pūrvādhyāye'tyāsena mayoktā sādhyasādhanāvasthābhedena dviprakārā, natu dve svatantre niṣṭhe iti bodhayituṃ niṣṭhā ityekavacanam| saṅkhyā ātmaviṣayakasthirā buddhiḥ, tāṃ prāpnuvatāṃ sāṅkhyānāṃ jñānamāparokṣyaṃ yujyate brahmaṇo'nena sa jñānayogaḥ, brahmāparokṣotpādakadhyānamiti yāvat, tena niṣṭhoktā ‘tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta matparaḥ’1 ityādinā| yogināṃ karmādhikārayogināṃ karmayogena karmaiva yujyate'ntaḥkaraṇaśuddhyā'nena karmayogaḥ tena niṣṭhoktā ‘dharmyāddhi yuddhācchreyo'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate’2 ityādinā| ataḥ cittasthairyāvasthābhedenaikaṃ pratyubhayopayogānnādhikāribhede'pyupadeśavaiyyarthyamiti bhāvaḥ| tvaṃ tvātmavidāmagresaro'pi gṛhasthāśramitvāt svarūpeṇaiva karma tyaktuṃ nārhasi| kintu janakādīnāmiva lokasaṅgrahārthaṃ svocitaṃ karma kartumevārhasīti anagha iti sambodhanena sūcitam|

4.4

‘tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasā nāśakena’3 iti śrutyā karmaṇām ātmajñāne niyuktānām anārambhāt anuṣṭhānāt cittaśuddhyabhāvena jñānāyogyo bahirmukho naiṣkarmyaṃ jñānaniṣṭho nāśnute na prāpnoti| nanu ‘tamevaikaṃ4 jānatha ātmānamanyā vāco vimuñcatha’5 iti śrutyā vyāpārāntaranivāraṇāt karmatyāgādeva siddhiḥ syāt| ata āha - naca sannyasanādeva cittaśuddhiṃ vinā kṛtāt siddhiṃ phalaparyavasāyinīṃ jñānaniṣṭhaḥ samadhigacchati prāpnoti|
karmaṇo dustyajatvamāha - nahīti||

4.5

hi yasmāt kṣaṇamapi kālaṃ jātu kadācit kaścit ajitendriyaḥ akarmakṛt san na tiṣṭhati| kutaḥ? hi yataḥ sarvaḥ apyaśuddhacittajīvasamūhaḥ avaśaḥ asvavtantra eva san prakṛtijaiḥ satvarajastamobhiḥ svaprabhāvairvā rāgadveṣādibhiḥ guṇaiḥ karma laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā kāryate |
vinā'dhikāraṃ karmatyāgī mithyācāro bhavatītyāha - karmendriyeti||

4.6

yo vimūḍhātmā rāgadveṣādinā dūṣitacittaḥ bahirindriyāṇi vākpāṇyādīni saṃyamya manasā rāgādipreritena indriyārthān śabdādīn smarannāste, natu matpādāravindaṃ smaran| kṛtasanyāso'hamityabhimānena madārādhānarūpakarmaśūnyastiṣṭhati, sa mithyācāraḥ pāpācāra eva| sa tu saṃsārātavarte patatīti bhāvaḥ|
niṣkāmaṃ karma kurvāṇaṃ praśaṃsati - ya iti||

4.7

yaḥ jñānendriyāṇi = śrotrādīni manasā saha vivekayuktena manasā niyamya śabdādiviṣayebhyo nivartya karmendriyaiḥ vāgādibhiḥ karmayogaṃ madārādhanarūpaṃ niṣkāmatayā karmayogam ārabhate karoti asaktaḥ san phalecchāśūnyaḥ, mumukṣūṇāṃ sa viśiṣyate| indriyavyāpāre tulye'pyayaṃ mahāphalabhāgabhavati, itaraḥ sakāmastu tucchaphalabhāgiti viśeṣa ityarthaḥ|
atastvamapi karmaiva kurvityāha -

4.8

hi yataḥ akarmaṇaḥ karmākaraṇāt ¹ mumukṣoḥ karma karmānuṣṭhānaṃ jyāyaḥ sukaratvādapramādatvācca| ato jñātātmatattvo'pi tvaṃ gṛhasthāśramitvāt śiṣṭāgresaratvācca niyataṃ svavarṇāśramocitaṃ karma yāvadbāhyānusandhānaṃ kuru| akarmaṇaste tava śarīrayātrā śarīranirvāhaḥ prakarṣeṇa kṣātravṛttyā na siddhyet| anyā vṛttistu śiṣṭāgresarasya tavānuciteti bhāvaḥ|
nanu 'karmaṇā badhyate jantuḥ'² iti smṛterna mumukṣūṇāṃ karma kāryamiti| tatrāha - yajñāditi||

4.9

yajñaḥ = parameśvaraḥ| 'yajño vai viṣṇuḥ' iti śruteḥ| tadārādhanārthaṃ kriyamāṇaṃ karma yajñārtham, tasmāt| karmaṇo'nyatra karmaṇi pravṛtto jantuḥ karmādhikārī badhyate| natvīśvarārādhanārthe| tataḥ tadarthaṃ karma he kaunteya tvamapi 'parameśvara evāntaḥsthaḥ karma kārayati, nāhaṃ karmakartā na madīyamidaṃ karma, anena sa eva prīyatām' iti karmatatphalayoḥ 'madīyenānena karmaṇā mamedaṃ phalaṃ bhavati' ityabhimānābhilāṣādirūpayoḥ muktaḥ saṅgaḥ yena sa tādṛśaḥ san svocitaṃ karma samācara |
svocitakarmakartavyatve prajāpativacanaṃ pramāṇayati - saheti||

4.10

yajñena vartamānāḥ sahayajñāḥ ‘vopasarjanasya’ iti pakṣe sahādeśābhāvaḥ¹ prajāḥ caturvarṇān purā kalpādau sṛṣṭvovāca prajānāṃ patiḥ| kimuvāca ? tatrāha - anena yajñena svavarṇāśramocitadharmeṇa prasaviṣyadhvam| tadevāha - eṣaḥ svadharmākhyo yajñaḥ vaḥ yuṣmākam iṣṭakāmadhuk iṣṭānabhilaṣitān dogdhi prāpayatīti tathā|
tadevāha - devāniti||

4.11

anena yūyaṃ yajamānāḥ devān indrādīn bhāvayantaḥ tarpayantaḥ| te devāḥ yuṣmābhirbhāvitāḥ santo yuṣmān bhāvayantu dṛṣṭyādinotpattidvāreṇa vardhayantu| evamanyonyaṃ saṃvardhayanto devā yūyaṃ ca parasparaṃ śreyaḥ abhimatamarthaṃ devāstṛptiṃ yūyaṃ ca svargādikaṃ prāpsyathetyarthaḥ|
tadevāha - iṣṭāniti||

4.12

iṣṭān bhogān paśvannahiraṇyādīn vo yuṣmabhyaṃ devā dāsyante, hi yato yajñairbhāvitāḥ = toṣitāste yatastairṛṇavadbhavadbhyo dattā bhogāḥ, tasmāt tebhyo devebhyo pradāya yajñādau devoddeśenāhutyādikamadatvā yo bhuṅkte dehendriyāṇyeva tarpayati stena eva saḥ devasvāpahārī devarṇānapākaraṇāt|

4.13

śrīviṣṇunaivedyaśeṣeṇa yajñe vaiśvadevādau ca viṣṇūddeśena tadbhrakrīḍan(?) devapitrādīn viprādīṃśceṣṭvā taducchiṣṭāśinaḥ saṃsārabījaiḥ sarvakilbiṣaiḥ pañcasūnādipāpaiśca mucyante|
‘kaṇḍaṇī peṣaṇī cullī udakumbhī ca mārjanī| pañcasūnā gṛhasthasya tebhyaḥ svargaṃ na vindati||’ iti smṛteḥ|¹
ye tu ātmano bhojanārthameva pacanti, natu viṣṇuvaiṣṇavapūjārthaṃ² te pāpāḥ durācārāḥ aghaṃ tannimittameva bhuñjate|
punarapi karmakartavyatāmāha - annāditi tribhiḥ||

4.14

annāt retodvārā bhūtāni utpadyante| annaṃ ca parjanyāt bhavati vṛṣṭidvārā| yajñāt parityaktahavirādeḥ parjanyaḥ|
‘agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyagādityamupatiṣṭhati| ādityājjāyate vṛṣṭirvṛṣṭerannaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ||’ iti smṛteḥ|³
saḥ yajñaḥ devatoddeśena dravyatyāgādirūpa ṛtvigyajamānādikarmaṇā jāyate⁴|

4.15

karma ca parabrahmodbhavam| ‘eṣa hyeva sādhu karma kārayati eṣa hyevāsādhu karma kārayati’ ityādiśruteḥ| kīdṛśaṃ brahma? akṣarasamudbhavaṃ vedābhivyaṅgyam, vedaikapramāṇakam| ‘śāstrayonitvāt’¹ iti sūtrāt| ‘yaśchandasāmṛṣabho viśvarūpaḥ chandobhyo'dhyamṛtāt sambabhūva’ ityādiśruteśca| śāstraṃ yoniḥ = abhivyaktikāraṇaṃ yasya tadityarthaḥ| yasmādevaṃ paramparayā yajñaparjanyānnabhūtavedadvārā yajñābhivyaṅgyaṃ brahma, tasmāt sarvagatam api brahma nityaṃ yajñe viśeṣato bhoktṛtvādirūpeṇa sannihitam²|
³

4.16

ādau parameśvarapreritabhūtaiḥ karma hastādivyāpārarūpam, tato yajñaḥ, tataḥ parjanyaḥ, tato'nnam, tato bhūtānīti evam īśvareṇa pravartitaṃ cakraṃ yo nānuvartayati nānutiṣṭhati, so'ghāyuḥ pāpajīvanaḥ moghaṃ vyarthameva jīvati| tajjīvanānmaraṇameva varamityarthaḥ| brahmavidaṃ vyāvartayati - indriyārāma iti|| yataḥ indriyairviṣayeṣvārāmò yasya saḥ|
asamprajñātasamādhiniṣṭho bāhyānusandhānaśūnyaḥ sa evambhūtaṃ cakramananrutiṣṭhannapi na pratyavaitītyāha - ya iti||

4.17

ratiḥ = darśanādihetusukham| tṛptiḥ = alandhīḥ| tṛptijanakaṃ sukhaṃ santoṣaḥ| ātmanaḥ sakāśādratiryasya saḥ, ātmadarśanasukhavānityarthaḥ| evaśabdenānyasmāt dhanavanitātò ratirnirasyate| ātmatṛptaḥ ātmanā = paramātmanā bhaktyādinā prasāditena tṛptaḥ| kuto'sya tṛptiralambuddhiḥ ? tatrāha - ātmanyeva ca santuṣṭaḥ nānyadetasya santoṣaheturityarthaḥ| bhagavadaparokṣajñānina evāsamprajñātasamādhirbhavatīti jñāpayituṃ mānavaḥ ityuktam| ‘manu avabodhane’ iti dhātorbhāve unpratyayaḥ| tato matvarthīyo'rśaāditvādac| tataḥ prajñāditvāt svārthe'ṇ| tathaivāsamprajñātasamādhisthasya kāryaṃ na vidyate|
bhaktyādineśvaraprasādaḥ, tataḥ paramācchādikāyā jīvānandācchādikāyāścāvidyāyā nivṛttiḥ, tata āvirbhūtapūrṇānandasya jīvasya svarūpānandātirikte sragvanitādisukhotpanne vaiṣayike kṣudrānande necchādikaṃ na vā tatprāptyarthaṃ kiñcillaukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā kartavyaṃ vidyata iti bhāvaḥ|
etādṛśasyābhyudayārthaṃ niḥśreyasārthaṃ pratyavāyaparihārārthaṃ ca karma nāpekṣyata ityāha -

4.18

tasya ātmarateḥ kṛtena karmaṇā'bhyudayarūpo niḥśreyasarūpo vā'rthaḥ prayojanaṃ nāsti| tasya svargādyabhyudayānarthitvāt| niḥśreyasasya tu prāptatvāt|
nanu mā'stu yajñādau pravṛttiḥ, yajñādiphaleṣu tasyecchābhāvāt| prāptaphalatvācca¹ pratyavāyaparihārārthaṃ sandhyopāsanādikaṃ nityanaimittikaṃ karmāvaśyakam| tatrāha - nākṛteneti|| bhāve niṣṭhā| akṛtena nityanaimittikakarmākaraṇena kaścaneha loke garhitatvarūpaḥ pratyavāyarūpo vā artho na asti| kutaḥ ? ātmavidaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu brahmādisthāvarānteṣu ko'pi arthavyapāśrayaḥ prayojanaṃ sambandho na asti| kañcidbhūtamāśritya ko'pi kriyāsādhyo'rtho nāstītyarthaḥ| kṛtākṛte niṣprayojane ‘naivaṃ kṛtākṛte tapataḥ’ iti śruteḥ| ‘tasya ha na devāśca nābhūtyā
īśata ātmā hyeṣāṃ sa bhavati' iti śruteḥ| devā api mokṣapratibandhāya samarthā na bhavanti, ata nirvighnatvāyāpi¹ devārādhanarūpaṃ karma nānuṣṭheyaṃ hi yata eṣāṃ devānāmātmā tatpadānākāṅkṣatatvādātmavat priyo bhavati| ata ihāmutrakriyāsādhyaprayojanābhāvānna tasya kiñcit kāryamiti bhāvaḥ|
yatta² “etādṛśo jñānibhūmikā saptakabhedena nirūpito vasiṣṭhena -
‘jñānabhūmiḥ śubhecchākhyā prathamā parikīrtitā| vicāraṇā dvitīyā syāt tṛtīyā tanumānasā|| satvāpattiścaturthī syāt tato'saṃsaktināmikā| padārthābhāvanī ṣaṣṭhī saptamī turyagā smṛtā||’ iti|
tatra nityānityavastuvivekādipūrvakaphalaparyantasthāyinī mokṣecchā prathamā| tataḥ śravaṇamananātmikā dvitīyā| tato nididhyāsanātmikā tṛtīyā| etattitayaṃ sādhanarūpaṃ jāgradavasthocyate| jagato bhedena darśanāt| tato vedāntavākyānnirvaikalpo brahmātmaikyasākṣātkāraścaturthī suptāvasthocyate| sarvasyāpi mithyātvena śravaṇāt| anyāstisro jīvanmukterevābhyāsaparipākena cirakālāvasthāyinī sā padārthābhāvanī gāḍhasuṣuptirityucyante sā pañcamī| yataḥ svayamanutthānaṃ paramaprayatnena vyutthānaṃ yoginaḥ sā ṣaṣṭhī| yataḥ svataḥ parato vā'nutthānaṃ sā saptamī” iti tat tuccham|
vasiṣṭhanāmakagranthasya pauruṣeyasya tvadvākyatulyatvenāprāmāṇikatvāt| nirviśeṣavādinastava jīvanmuktasyāvasthātrayokteratitucchatvāt| brahmāparokṣyasya caturthyāmeva jātatvāt tadadhikasya jñeyasyāsatvāt| tvanmate jagadadhiṣṭhānatayā brahmaṇaḥ sadā bhānāt tadadhikasya cittanirodhe satyapyabhānāt samādherapi vaiyyarthyāt| caturthyāmeva vedāntajanyasya tadabhimatanirvikalpasya brahmajñānasya brahmājñānanivartakasya jātatvāt tadanivartitājñānasya tadatiriktenānadhikaviṣayakena nivṛttyasambhavācca|
nivṛttāvidyasya guṇamayaśūnyasya jīvanmuktasya suṣuptyavasthāyāstāmasyā asambhavācca| caturthyāṃ bhānāt svarūpabhānādadhikasya pañcamyādau bhātuṃ yogyasyaikyāderabhāvena pañcamyāvasthādernirūpaṇasya tava kākadantaparīkṣā his tulyatvācca| nahi vedāntairavabodhitasya svarūpādhikasya dhyānādau bhānaṃ sambhavati| vedāntaiḥ svarūpādhikabodhane sakhaṇḍārthakatvāpatteḥ| ‘sarvapratyayavedye pare brahmaṇi vyavasthitaḥ’ iti vadatā brahmaṇaḥ sarvapratyayavedyatvasvīkāreṇa śravaṇasya, brahmaṇi viśeṣānaṅgīkāreṇa manananididhyāsanayośca vaiyyarthyāt| manovṛttirūpajñānamātrasya tvanmate brahmaviṣayakatvādviṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya manasa ekāgryakaraṇasya nirarthakatvācca|
ataḥ saptabhūmikā evaṃ varṇanīyāḥ| prathamāyāṃ mokṣecchā| dvitīyāyāṃ gurumukhādvedāntaśravaṇam| tṛtīyāyāṃ yuktibhiścintanaṃ mananam| caturthyāṃ sajātīyapratyayapravāharūpaṃ nididhyāsanam| pañcamyāṃ sambhāvanāviparītabhāvanānivṛttipūrvikā bhagavadekākāraparokṣajñānadhārā| ṣaṣṭhyāmavicchinnapremapravāhapūrvabhagavadāparokṣaṃ netrāvaṣṭabdhāṅgulyā iveśvarecchādikāyā avidyāyā nivṛttiśca| saptamyāmauśvaraprasādena jīvācchādikāyā avidyāyā nivṛttiḥ paramānandāvirbhāvaśca| tatrāntimāvasthādvaye sarvakarmānadhikāraḥ| anyāsu karmādhikāraḥ| tatrāpyuttarottaraṃ bhagavanniṣṭhādhikye karmaṇo hrāsaḥ| ṣaṣṭhyāṃ bhūmikāyāṃ samprajñātāsamprajñātabhedena samādhidvaividhyam|
tatrāsamprajñāte sarvakarmānadhikāraḥ tato vyutthāne samyak samādhyarthaṃ samyaglabdhasamādhānasya lokasaṅgrahārthaṃ ca svocitaṃ karma kāryamatastvamapi vyutthita iti svocitaṃ karma kurvityāha - tasmāditi|| ^1

4.19

asaktaḥ phalakāmanārahitaḥ satataṃ sarvadā natu kadācideva kāryam āvaśyakartavyatvena vedabodhitaṃ ‘tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena
tapasā nāśakena’¹ iti jñānopadeśena vihitaṃ nityameva yajñādikaṃ tadeva kuru| asakto hi yasmāt ācaran īśvarārādhanarūpaṃ niṣkāmaṃ kurvan cittaśuddhijñānahariprasādadvārā² paraṃ svarūpāvirbhāvarūpaṃ mokṣaṃ prāpnoti|
‘tameva viditvā'timṛtyumeti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'yanāya’ ‘dṛṣṭaiva taṃ mucyate’ iti śruteḥ jñānādeva mokṣokteḥ kathamasaktaḥ karmācaranneva paramāpnotītyuktamityāśaṅkya niṣkāmatyena vihitasya karmaṇaḥ kartavyatāyāṃ śiṣṭācāraṃ pramāṇamāha - karmaṇaiveti||

4.20

janakādayaḥ kṣatriyā vidvāṃso'pi karmaṇaiva saha saṃsiddhiṃ śravaṇādisādhyāṃ jñānaniṣṭhām āsthitāḥ prāptāḥ hi yasmādevaṃ tasmāt tvamapi kṣatriyo vidvān karma kartumarhasītyanuṣaṅgaḥ| ‘brāhmaṇāḥ putreṣaṇāyāśca vittaiṣaṇāyāśca vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti’ iti sannyāsavidhāyake vākye brāhmaṇatvaṃ hi vivakṣitam| ‘svārājyakāmo rājā rājasūyena yajeta’ ityatra kṣatriyatvavat| ‘catvāra āśramā brāhmaṇasya trayo rājanyasya dvau vaiśyasya’ iti ca smṛteriti brāhmaṇasyaiva sannyāsaḥ, tvaṃ kṣatriyo'sīti sannyāsādhikārābhāvāt karmaiva kurviti bhāvaḥ| nacoktaśrutivirodhaḥ| śruterjñānābhāve mokṣābhāva ityetatparatvāt|
varṇāśramadharmāpravartakatvenāpi kṣatriyo dharmamaryādāpālako'vaśyaṃ karma kuryādityāha - loketi|| lokānāṃ svesve dharme pravartanamunmārgānnivartanaṃ ca lokasaṅgrahārthaṃ paśyan, apiśabdāt janakādiśiṣṭācāramapi paśyan karma kartumarhasītyanvayaḥ| kṣatriyadehaprāpakeṇa karmaṇā''rabdhaśarīrastvaṃ jīvanmukto'pi janakādivat prārabdhakarmaśabdena lokasaṅgrahārthaṃ karma kartuṃ yogyo bhavasīti bhāvaḥ|
nanu mayā karmaṇi kriyamāṇe lokaḥ kathaṃ tatsaṅgṛhṇīyāt ? ityata āha - yaditi||

4.21

śreṣṭhaḥ rājādiḥ yadyadācarati śubhamaśubhaṃ vā itaraḥ tadanugataḥ janaḥ tattadeva ācarati| nanu śāstramavalokyāśāstrīyaṃ śreṣṭhācāraṃ parityajya, śāstrīyameva kuto nācarati lokaḥ? ityata āha - sa yaditi|| saḥ śreṣṭhaḥ yat laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā pramāṇaṃ kurute pramāṇatvena manyate, tat eva lokaḥ api anuvartate| tathā ca pradhānabhūtena tvayā rājñā lokarakṣaṇārthaṃ kartavyameveti bhāvaḥ|
ahamevātra dṛṣṭānta ityāha - na ma iti||

4.22

he pārtha me mama kartavyaṃ nāsti| yataḥ triṣu trilokeṣu prāk anavāptamavāptavyaṃ ca kiñcana na asti, īśvaratvāt| tathā'pi karmaṇi varta eva karma karomyeveti bhāvaḥ|
akaraṇe lokasya nāśamāha - yadīti||

4.23

ahaṃ yadyatandritaḥ analasaḥ san jātu kadācit na varteyaṃ karmāṇi nānuṣṭheyam, tadā mama śiṣṭāgresaraśrīvasudevasūnoḥ vartma mārgaṃ he pārtha manuṣyāḥ karmādhikāriṇaḥ santaḥ anuvartante pravarteran sarvaśaḥ sarvaprakāraiḥ|
tataḥ kim ? ata āha - utsīdeyuriti||

4.24

aham īśvaraśca yadi karma na kuryāṃ tadā madanuvartināṃ manvādīnāmapi karmalopena lokasthitihetoḥ karmaṇo lokā utsīdeyuḥ vinaśyeyuḥ| tathā ca varṇasaṅkarasya kartā ahameva syām| tena cemāḥ sarvāḥ prajāḥ ahameva hanyām| tatpālanāya kṛpayā pravṛtto'hamīśvaraḥ kathaṃ hanyām ? iti bhāvaḥ|
nanvajñeneva jñāninā'pi karmakaraṇe vidvadavidvatkarmaṇoḥ ko viśeṣaḥ? tatrāha - saktā iti||

4.25

saktāḥ ‘madīyamidaṃ karmānienedaṃ phalaṃ me bhavatu’ iti dhīmantaḥ| asaktaḥ ‘bhagavatkāritamidaṃ karma na madīyamananena sa eva prīyatām’ iti dhīmān lokasaṅgraham icchuḥ karma kuryāt| ato mahadantaraṃ tatkarmaṇoriti bhāvaḥ|
nanu tattvajñānenāpi lokopakāraḥ syāt| ataḥ kathamucyate karmaṇaiva lokasaṅgrahaḥ? tatrāha - neti||

4.26

ajñānām ātmatattvamajānatāṃ jñānādhikṛtāṃ karmasaṅgināṃ ‘madīyamidaṃ karmānenedaṃ phalaṃ mama bhaviṣyati’ iti karmaṇyabhiniviṣṭacittānāṃ yā buddhiḥ ‘idaṃ karmāhaṃ kariṣye tenedaṃ phalaṃ bhokṣye’ iti tasyā bhedaṃ = ātmatattvopadeśena viparyāsaṃ karmākartṛtvarūpaṃ na janayet| kintu yuktaḥ avahitaḥ san vidvān lokasaṅgrahaṃ cikīrṣuravidvadadhikārikāṇi sarvakarmāṇi samācaran teṣāṃ śraddhāmutpādya joṣayet samyagajñātātmatattvānāṃ viṣayāsaktacittānāṃ mumukṣūṇāṃ buddhivicālane kṛte karmasu śraddhānivṛtterjñānasya cānutpannatavenobhayabhraṣṭatvaṃ syāditi bhāvaḥ|
vidvadaviduṣoḥ karmānuṣṭhānasāmye'pi kartṛtvābhimānatadabhāvābhyāṃ viśeṣaṃ darśayan ‘saktāḥ karmaṇi’ iti ślokārthaṃ vivṛṇoti - prakṛteriti dvābhyām||

4.27

prakṛteḥ sattvādiguṇaiḥ tajjanitadehendriyādibhiruccāvacayonikarmāṇi kriyamāṇāni sarvaśaḥ sarvāṇi, ahaṅkāreṇa = dehādāvahaṃmametyabhimānena vimūḍhaḥ = svarūpavivekāsamartha ātmā = mano yasya saḥ, 'tāni karmāṇyahameva kevalaṃ karomi' iti manyate|
jīvasyānādyavidyayā dehendriyādāvahaṃmametyabhimānajanitakarmaṇyapi madīyamidamanenedaṃ phalaṃ bhokṣya iti dhīḥ tataḥ sukhaduḥkhakartṛtvādikaṃ manasi kṣetre utpannamavidyāsahakṛtasvāmitvasambandhena satyameva vartate, tathā cāvidyāprayuktābhimānābhāve jīvasyādṛṣṭādau sambandhābhāvādadṛṣṭaghaṭitasambandhena jīve kartṛtvādyabhāvāt svato'kartā jīva iti bhāvaḥ|
vidvāṃstu tathā na manyata ityāha - tattvaviditi||

4.28

tattvaṃ yāthātmyaṃ guṇakarmavibhāgayorvettīti tattvavit guṇāḥ = dehendriyāntaḥkaraṇāni, karmāṇi = tadvyāpārarūpāṇi, guṇakarmeti dvandvaikavadbhāvaḥ, tebhyo vibhajyate mama deho mama dehendriyaṃ manaścetyādinā bhidyate sa vibhāgaḥ, tato'tyantavilakṣaṇa ātmā, tayoḥ = ātmānātmanoryāthātmyavit guṇāḥ indriyādyāḥ guṇeṣu viṣayādiṣu vartante vṛddhihrāsādikaṃ ca labhante ātmā buddhyādivikāraśūnyaḥ kevalo'kartā iti matvā dehātmābhimānādinā karmakartṛtvatatphalabhogādau na sajjate |
tadevaṃ vidvadaviduṣoḥ karmānanuṣṭhānasāmyena vidvānaviduṣo buddhibhedaṃ na kuryādityuktamupasaṃharati - prakṛteriti||

4.29

prakṛteḥ guṇaiḥ sattvādibhiḥ tatkāryadehendriyādibhiśca sammūḍhāḥ 'ahaṃ sthūlo'haṃ kāṇo madīyamidaṃ karmānenedaṃ phalaṃ bhokṣye' ityabhimānavanto guṇakarmasu guṇānāṃ dehendriyādīnāṃ vyāpāreṣu 'madīyo'yaṃ vyāpāro'nenedaṃ phalaṃ prāpnuyām' iti sajjante| kīdṛśān ? akṛtsnavidaḥ kṛtsnānāmātmānātmānāṃ yāthātmyamajānantaḥ mandān aśuddhacittatvena jñānādhikāramaprāptān tān kṛtsnavit ātmānātmayāthātmyavit na vicālayet karmaśraddhāto na pracyāvayet|
evaṃ jīvaḥ prakṛtiguṇasahita eva kartā, na kevalaḥ| ataḥ prāptāprāptavivekena guṇeṣveva kartṛtvamityanusandhāya mumukṣuṇā svocitaṃ karma kāryamityuktam| idānīmantaryāmiṇi mayi kartṛtvaṃ nidhāya karma kāryamityāha - mayīti||

4.30

ātmānaṃ paramātmānamadhikṛtya cetastadadhyātmacetaḥ, tena| bhrāntyā svatantrakartṛtvena pratīyamānāni karmāṇi bhagavānevāntaḥsthaḥ kārayati, na kevalamahaṃ karomīti buddhyā, 'anena sa eva prīyatām' iti ca dhiyā mayyeva sannyasya samarpya matprasādabhinnakāmaśūnyaḥ nirāśīrnirmamaḥ 'ahaṃ karomi mamedaṃ karma' iti bhāvaśūnyaḥ| vigatajvaraḥ santāpahetutvācchoka eva jvaraśabdenoktaḥ| aihikapāratrikanindāpavādahetukaśokaśūnyo bhūtvā yudhyasva svadharmānuṣṭhānaṃ kuruṣva|
nanu vidvāṃsaḥ karma kurvantīti mayā kāryamityetāvadeva na| kintu, madarpaṇabuddhyā niṣkāmavihitakarmānuṣṭhānaṃ jñānabhaktiprasādadvāreṇa muktiheturiti mama matam| ataḥ kāryaṃ karmetyāha - ya iti|| ^1

4.31

idaṃ niṣkāmatayā vihitakarmācaraṇaṃ mama mataṃ nityaṃ tatphalasya mokṣasya nityatvānnityamityuktam| nityavedabodhitatvenānādiparamparā''gatam| mānavāḥ manuṣyādhikāritvāt karmaṇām| śraddhāvantaḥ ācāryopadiṣṭe'rthe svayamananubhūte'pyevamevaitaditi viśvāsaḥ śraddhā tadvantaḥ| anasūyantaḥ guṇeṣu doṣāviṣkāro'sūyā| sā ‘duḥkhātmake karmaṇi māṃ pravartayannakāruṇiko'yam’ ityevaṃrūpā prakṛte prasaktā| tāṃ hitvā mayi gurau suhṛdyaṃ kurvanto ye'nutiṣṭhanti te'pi madbhaktijñānaprasādadvārā karmabhiḥ karmarūpānādyavidyayā mucyante¹|
vyatireke doṣamāha - ya iti||

4.32

ye nāstikāḥ, aśraddadhānāḥ, abhyasūyantaḥ doṣamudbhāvayantaḥ etat mama matam nānutiṣṭhanti, tān acetasaḥ duṣṭacittān, ata eva jñānavimūḍhān sarvathā'yogyān naṣṭān sarvapuruṣārthabhraṣṭān viddhi |
nanu rājña iva tava śāsanātikrame bhayaṃ paśyantaḥ kathamasūyantastava mataṃ nānuvartante? kathaṃ vā sarvapuruṣārthasādhane pratikūlā bhavanti? ityata āha - sadṛśamiti||

4.33

prakṛtiḥ prācīnadharmādharmajñānecchādisaṃskāro vartamānajanmanyabhivyakto'tibalavān ‘taṃ vidyākarmaṇī samanvārabhete pūrvaprajñā ca’ iti śruteḥ| svasyāḥ svīyāyāḥ prakṛteḥ sadṛśam anurūpaṃ sarvo jantuḥ jñānavānapi brahmavidapi guṇadoṣavidapi² vā ceṣṭate| kimuta mūrkhaḥ ! ato bhūtāni sarvaprāṇinaḥ prakṛtiṃ yānti
anuvartante puruṣārthabhraṃśaheturūpāmapi| tatra mama rājño vā nigrahaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati mahānarakasādhanatvaṃ jñātvā'pi durvāsanāprābalyāt pāpeṣu vartamānā na macchrāsanātikramadoṣādbibhyati iti bhāvaḥ|
nanvevaṃ prakṛterdurjayāyā ullaṅghanāsambhavena vidhiniṣedhayoḥ vaiyyarthyāpatteḥ tatrāha - indriyasyeti||

4.34

vīpsayā sarveṣāmindriyāṇāṃ arthe viṣaye śabde' sparśe rūpe rase gandhe rāgadveṣau puruṣasya vyavasthitau ānukūlyaprātikūlyavyavasthayā sthitau| tatra puruṣaprayatnasya śāstrasya cāyaṃ viṣayo yat tayorna vaśamāgacchet iti| puruṣasya prakṛtiḥ balavadaniṣṭānubandhitvajñānābhāvasahakṛteṣṭasādhanatvajñānanibandhanaṃ rāgaṃ puraskṛtyaiva śāstraniṣiddhe kalañjabhakṣaṇādau pravartayati| tathā balavadiṣṭasādhanatvajñānābhāvasahakṛtāniṣṭasādhanatvanibandhanaṃ dveṣaṃ puraskṛtya śāstravihitādapi sandhyāvandanādeḥ nivartayati|
tatra śāstreṇa balavadaniṣṭānubandhitve jñāpite sahakāryabhāvāt kevalamiṣṭasādhanatājñānaṃ madhuviṣasampṛktānnabhojanādāviva tatra rāgaṃ janayituṃ na śaknoti| evaṃ vihitasya śāstreṇa balavadaniṣṭānubandhitve bodhite sahakāryabhāvāt kevalamaniṣṭasādhanatvajñānaṃ bhojanādāviva tatra na dveṣaṃ kartuṃ śaknoti| tataścāpratibaddhe śāstravihite puruṣaṃ pravartayati niṣiddhācca nivartayatīti śāstrīyavivekaprābalyena svābhāvikarāgadveṣayoḥ kāraṇopamardenopamardāt, na prakṛtiḥ viparītamārge puruṣaṃ śāstradṛṣṭiṃ pravartayituṃ śaknotīti na śāstrapuruṣaprayatnayoḥ vyaiyyarthyam| tayoḥ rāgadveṣayoḥ vaśaṃ nāgacchet tadadhīno na bhavet| api tu śāstravicārotthavivekena tau nāśayet| hi yataḥ tau rāgadveṣau svābhāvikadoṣaprayuktau| asya mumukṣoḥ paripanthinau śatrū|
nanu svābhāvikarāgadveṣaprayuktapaśvādisādhāraṇapravṛttityāgena śāstrīyameva karma kāryaṃ cet, tarhi sukaraṃ bhikṣādikameva kāryamata āha - śreyāniti||

4.35

svasya varṇāśramau prati yo vihitaḥ svasvadharmaḥ¹ viguṇo'pi kiñcidaṅgahīno'pi śreyān śreṣṭhaḥ| paradharmāt svaṃ pratyavihitāt svanuṣṭhitāt sarvāṅgayuktādapi| ataḥ svadharme kiñcidaṅgahīne'pi sthitasya nidhanam maraṇamapi śreyaḥ| paradharmasthajīvitādapi svadharmasthanidhanamihaloke kīrtyāvaham, paraloke ca svargādiprāpakam| paradharmaḥ tu ihākīrtikaratvena paratra narakapradatvena bhayāvahaḥ yataḥ|
bahavaḥ pāpapravartakā uktāḥ rāgādayaḥ| teṣu ko balavān ? yaṃ vijetuṃ mahāprayatnaṃ kariṣyāmītyabhiprāyeṇa pṛcchati - atheti||

4.36

atha ityarthāntaram| pāpaṃ kartuṃ anicchannapi, ayam naraḥ balātkāreṇa prerita iva pāpaṃ karoti, kena preritaḥ karoti? taṃ vadeti praśnārthaḥ|
kāma eva balavān, tanmūlatvāt krodhādīnāmityuttarayati - kāma iti||

4.37

yastvayā pṛṣṭo hetuḥ balādanarthamārgapravartakaḥ sa eṣaḥ kāmaḥ eva mahān śatruḥ| yannimittā sarvānarthaprāptiḥ| prāṇināṃ kāma eva kenaciddhetunā pratihataḥ
krodhatvena pariṇamate|¹ tataḥ krodhaḥ api eṣaḥ kāma eva| etasminneva mahāroṃ nivārite sarvapuruṣārthaprāptirityarthaḥ| tannivāraṇopāyajñānāya tatkāraṇamāha - rajoguṇasamudbhavaḥ duḥkhapravṛttibalātmako rajoguṇa eva samudbhavaḥ kāraṇaṃ yasya| yadyapi tamoguṇo'pi tasya hetuḥ, tathā'pi duḥkhe pravṛttau ca rajasa eva prādhānyāt tasyaiva nirdeśaḥ|
yadvā, rajoguṇasya pravṛttyātmakasya samudbhava udbodho yasmāt| kāmo hi viṣayātmaka udbhūto rajaḥ pravartayan puruṣaṃ duḥkhātmake karmaṇi pravartayati| tenāyamavaśyaṃ hantavya iti bhāvaḥ|
sāmadānabhedadaṇḍāḥ catvāra upāyāḥ| tatra prathamatrikasyāsambhave daṇḍaḥ prayoktavya iti vaktuṃ trayāṇāmasambhavaṃ bodhayati - mahāśano mahāpāpmā iti|| mahadaśanaṃ yasyeti saḥ|
'yat pṛthivyāṃ vrīhiyavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ| nālamekasya tat sarvamiti matvā śamaṃ vrajet||' iti smṛteḥ|²
ato na dānena samādhānam, nāpi sāmabhedābhyām| yato mahāpāpmā atyugraḥ, ata iha mokṣamārge balavantam enaṃ vairiṇaṃ viddhi |
etadeva dṛṣṭāntena spaṣṭayati -

4.38

yathā dhūmenāvṛtaḥ agniranyaiḥ na dṛśyate, tathedṃ hṛdi sthitaṃ paramātmasvarūpaṃ jīvasya yathārthasvarūpaṃ ca āvṛtam| svaparajño'pīśvaraḥ kāmāviṣṭena na dṛśyata
ityarthaḥ| yathā ca malāvṛtādarśo mukhādyabhivyaktiheturna bhavati, tathedamantaḥkaraṇaṃ jīveśvarābhivyaktiheturna bhavati| yatholbena garbhaveṣṭanena āvṛto garbhaḥ saṅkucitatvāt svavyāpārakṣamo na bhavati, tathedm jīvasvarūpaṃ manasyutpannena svopārjitādṛṣṭavādisambandhena svasmin vidyamānena kāmena āvṛtam svayāthātmyajñāne parameśvarāparokṣye ca kṣamaṃ na bhavatītyarthaḥ|¹ |
tathā tenedamāvṛtam ityuktaṃ vivṛṇoti -

4.39

jñāyate'neneti jñānam antaḥkaraṇaṃ etena kāmenāvṛtam| tathā'pyāpātataḥ sukhahetutvādupādeyaḥ syādata āha - jñāninaḥ iti| ajño viṣayabhogakāle kāmaṃ mitramiva paśyan tatkārye prāpte vairitvaṃ vetti ‘kāmenedaṃ duḥkhaṃ mama prāpitam’ iti| jñānī tu bhogakāle'pi jānāti ‘anenāhamanarthe praveśitaḥ’ iti| ato jñānī bhogakāle tatpariṇāme ca duḥkhī bhavatīti jñānino'sau nityavairī|² kīdṛśena ? kāmarūpeṇa kāma icchā tṛṣṇā saiva rūpam yasya tena|
nanvavivekitaḥ sukhahetutvānna tannāśa ucitaḥ| tatrāha duṣpūreṇānalena ca| ca ivārthe| na vidyate'laṃ paryāptiryasyānalo'gniḥ| sa yathā haviṣā pūrayitumaśakyaḥ, tathā'yamapi bhogenetyarthaḥ| ato nirantaraṃ santāpaheturvivekita ivāvivekino'pi heyaścāsau|
‘na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānāmupabhogena śāmyati| haviṣā kṛṣṇavartmeva bhūya evābhivardhate||’ iti smṛteḥ|³
yadvā, icchāyā viṣayasiddhinivartyatvāt, icchārūpaḥ kāmo viṣayabhogena svayameva nivartiṣyate| kiṃ tatrātiyatnena ? ityata uktam - duṣpūreṇānalena ca iti| viṣayasiddhyā tatkālamicchānivṛttāvapi punarutpattisambhavāt na viṣayasiddhiricchānivartikā| kintu viṣayadoṣadṛṣṭireva tatheti bhāvaḥ|
śatroradhiṣṭhāne jñāte hi sukhena vijetuṃ śakyaḥ sa iti tadadhiṣṭhānamāha - indriyāṇīti||

4.40

indriyāṇi śrotrādīni manaḥ saṅkalpātmakaṃ buddhiḥ adhyayavasāyātmikā asyādhiṣṭhānam āśrayaḥ ucyate| etaiḥ indriyādibhiḥ svavyāpāravadbhiḥ svāśrayaiḥ vividhaṃ mohayati| eṣaḥ kāmaḥ jñānam vivekaṃ āvṛtya ācchādya dehinam dehābhimāninam|

4.41

yasmādindriyādhiṣṭhānaḥ kāmo dehinaṃ mohayati, tasmāt tvamādau mohanāt prāgeva indriyāṇi niyamya| vaśīkṛteṣu teṣu manobuddhyorapi vaśīkaraṇaṃ syāt| saṅkalpādhyavasāyayoḥ bāhyendriyapravṛttidvāraiva tadarthahetutvāt| pāpmānam pāpamūlam enam kāmaṃ vairiṇaṃ prajahi| hi yataḥ jñānaṃ = parokṣaṃ vijñānam = aparokṣam, tayornāśanam|

4.42

śrotrādīni jñānendriyāṇi sthūladehamapekṣya sūkṣmatvāt parāṇyāhuḥ paṇḍitāḥ śrutayo vā| tathā indriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ saṅkalpavikalpātmakaṃ tatpravartakatvāt
sūkṣmatvācca| manasaḥ parā buddhiḥ adhyavasāyātmikā| adhyavasāyo hi niścayaḥ, tatpūrvaka eva saṅkalpādirmanodharmaḥ| yo buddheḥ paraḥ sūkṣmatvāt pravartakatvāt saḥ jñeyaḥ paramātmā|¹
‘indriyebhyaḥ parā hyarthā arthebhyaśca paraṃ manaḥ| manasastu parā buddhiḥ buddherātmā mahān paraḥ|| mahataḥ paramavyaktamavyaktāt puruṣaḥ paraḥ| puruṣātna paraṃ kiñcit sā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ||’ iti śruteḥ|²
ātmamahatpadābhyāṃ mahattattvamuktam| avyaktaṃ pradhānam| sūkṣmatvāt sarvapravartakatvāt puruṣo'ntaryāmī śrīhariravyaktāt paraḥ| atra parameśvarasya paratvamātre tātparyam| ataḥ ‘indriyebhyaḥ parā hyarthāḥ’ iti sthāne ‘arthebhyaḥ parāṇīndriyāṇi’ iti vivakṣābhedena bhagavaduktirna viruddhyate| ‘raso'pyasya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate’ iti bhagavajjñānasyendriyajaye hetutāyā uktatvāt|
phalitamāha - evamiti||

4.43

‘raso'pyasya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate’ ityatrokto yaḥ paraḥ, taṃ paripūrṇamanantaguṇālayamānandavigrahaṃ saundaryalāvaṇyasīmānaṃ buddhyādiparaṃ śrīhariṃ buddhvā niṣkāmakarmotpāditabhaktyā prasannaṃ sākṣātkṛtya ātmanā etādṛśaniścayātmikayā buddhyā ātmānam manaḥ saṃstabhya sthirīkṛtya śatruṃ kāmarūpaṃ jahi māraya| he mahābāho śatruhanane kuśala| kīdṛśam ? durāsadam duḥkhena jetuṃ śakyam|
|| iti śrīmadbhagavadgītāsūpaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyāṃ karmayogavacanaṃ tṛtīyo'dhyāyaḥ||
yāthātmyaṃ svāvatārāṇāṃ sampradāyaṃ ca karmaṇām| karmabhedān dhiyaḥ1 śraiṣṭhyaṃ turye'dhyāye bravītyajaḥ||
tatrādau 'mayi sarvāṇi'2 ityatroktakarmayoge viśvāsāya rucaye ca pūrvairatiśiṣṭairanuṣṭhito'yaṃ dharma ityāha - imamiti tribhiḥ||

Linked texts (1)

Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit