Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 40
Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team 40
- Language
- Sanskrit
40.2
dvividhasya punar hetor dvividhasya codāharaṇasyopasaṃhāradvaite ca samānam ---
40.3
hetvapadeśāt pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanam ||
40.4
sādharmyokte vā vaidharmyokte vā yathodāharaṇam upasaṃhriyate, tasmād utpattidharmakatvād anityaḥ śabda iti nigamanam --- nigamyante 'neneti pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayā ekatreti nigamanam/ nigamyante --- samarthyante --- sambadhyante/ tatra sādharmokte tāvad dhetau vākyam anityaḥ śabda iti pratijñā/ utpattidharmakatvād iti hetuḥ/ utpattidharmakaṃ sthālyādi dravyam anityam ity udāharaṇam/ tathā cotpattidharmakaḥ śabda ity upanayaḥ/ tasmād utpattidharmakatvād anityaḥ śabda iti nigamanam/ vaidharmyokte 'py anityaḥ śabda utpattidharmakatvāt,
40.5
% utpattidharmakatvāt,] p.316
anutpattidharmakam ātmādi dravyaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭam, na ca tathānutpattidharmakaḥ śabdaḥ tasmād utpattidharmakatvād anityaḥ śabda iti/
avayavasamudāye ca vākye sambhūyetaretarābhisambandhāt pramāṇāny arthān sādhayantīti/ sambhavas tāvat śabdaviṣayā pratijñā, āptopadeśasya pratyakṣānumānābhyāṃ pratisandhānād anṛṣeś ca svātantryānupapatteḥ/ anumānaṃ hetuḥ, udāharaṇe sādṛśyapratipatteḥ/ tac codāharaṇabhāṣye vyākhyātam/ pratyakṣaviṣayam udāharaṇaṃ dṛṣṭenādṛṣṭasiddheḥ/ upamānam upanayaḥ tathety upasaṃhārāt, na ca tatheti vopamānadharmapratiṣedehe viparītadharmopasaṃhārasiddheḥ/ sarveṣām ekārthapratipattau sāmarthyapradarśanaṃ nigamanam iti/
itaretarābhisambandho 'pi --- asatyāṃ pratijñāyām anāśrayā hetvādayo na pravarteran/
40.6
asati hetau kasya sādhanabhāvaḥ pradarśyeta/ udāharaṇe sādhye ca kasyopasaṃhāraḥ syāt kasya cāpadeśāt pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanaṃ syād iti/ asaty udāharaṇe kena sādharmyaṃ vaidharmyaṃ vā sādhyasādhanam upādīyeta, kasya vā sādharmyavaśād upasaṃhāraḥ pravarteta/ upanayaṃ cāntareṇa sādhye 'nupasaṃhṛtaḥ sādhako dharmo nārthaṃ sādhayet/ nigamanābhāve cānabhiyuktasambandhānāṃ pratijñādīnām ekārthena pravartanaṃ tatheti pratipādanaṃ kasyeti/
athāvayavārthaḥ --- sādhyasya dharmasya dharmiṇā sambandhopādānaṃ pratijñārthaḥ/ udāharaṇena samānasya viparītasya vā sādhyasya dharmasya sādhakabhāvavacanaṃ hetvarthaḥ/ dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvapradarśanam ekatrodāharaṇārthaḥ/ sādhanabhūtasya dharmasya sādhyena dharmeṇa sāmānādhikaraṇyopapādanam upanayārthaḥ/ udāharaṇasthayor dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvopapattau sādhye viparītaprasaṅgapratiṣedhārthaṃ nigamanam/ nacaitasyāṃ hetūdāharaṇapariśuddhau satyāṃ sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānasya vikalyāj jātinigrahasthānabahutvaṃ prakramate/ avyavasthāpya khalu dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvam udāharaṇe jātivādī pratyavatiṣṭhate/ vyavasthite tu khalu dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāve dṛṣṭāntasthe gṛhyamāṇe sādhanabhūtasya dharmasya hetutvenopādānaṃ na sādharmyamātrasya na vaidharmyamātrasya veti// 39 //