Nyāya Sūtras 111
Nyāyabhāṣya 111
- Language
- Sanskrit
111.3
śabdo 'numānam arthasyānupalabdher anumeyatvāt ||
Verbal testimony is inference, because its object is unapprehended and therefore inferable.
111.4
śabdo 'numānam, na pramāṇāntaram/ kasmāt? śabdārthasyānumeyatvāt/ katham anumeyatvam? pratyakṣato 'nupalabdheḥ/ yathānupalabhyamāno liṅgī mitena liṅgena paścān mīyata iti anumānam/ evaṃ mitena śabdena paścān mīyate artho 'nupalabhyamāna ity anumānaṃ śabdaḥ//
Verbal testimony is inference, not a distinct means of valid cognition. Why? Because the object of verbal testimony is inferable. How is it inferable? Because it is not apprehended through perception. Just as an unapprehended sign-bearer is cognized subsequently by means of a known sign, and that is inference, so the unapprehended object is cognized subsequently by means of a known word; therefore verbal testimony is inference.
Translations (1)
- English (machine translation) — English, machine translation
Commentaries (1)
- Nyāyavārttika — Uddyotakara, Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit