Nyāya Sūtras 181
Nyāyabhāṣya 181
- Language
- Sanskrit
181.2
nityapakṣe tu tāvat samādhiḥ---
As for the resolution on the thesis of eternity, first:
181.3
nityānām atīndriyatvāt taddharmavikalpāc ca varṇavikārāṇām apratiṣedhaḥ ||
NyS 2.2.51: [Objection:] Because eternal things are beyond the senses, and because there is variation in their properties, there is no negation of modifications of speech sounds.
181.4
nityā varṇā na vikalpanta iti vipratiṣedhaḥ/ yathā nityatve sati kiñcid atīndriyaṃ kiñcid indriyagrāhyam, indriyagrāhyāś ca varṇāḥ, evaṃ nityatve sati kiñcin na vikriyate, varṇās tu vikriyanta iti/
[Objection:] It is a contradiction to claim that eternal speech sounds do not admit of variation. Just as, while being eternal, something is beyond the senses and something is graspable by the senses, and speech sounds are graspable by the senses; so, while being eternal, something does not undergo modification, but speech sounds do undergo modification.
181.5
virodhād ahetus taddharmavikalpaḥ/ nityaṃ nopajāyate nāpaity anupajanāpāyadharmakaṃ nityam anityaṃ punar upajanāpāyayuktam, na cāntareṇopajanāpāyau vikāraḥ sambhavati/ tad yadi varṇā vikriyante, nityatvam eṣāṃ nivartate/ atha nityāḥ, vikāradharmatvam eṣāṃ nivartate/ so 'yaṃ viruddho hetvābhāso dharmavikalpa iti//51//
Because of contradiction, [the reason] 'because of variation in their properties' is not a logical reason. What is eternal neither arises nor passes away; what has the property of neither arising nor passing away is eternal, whereas the non-eternal is accompanied by arising and passing away, and modification cannot occur without arising and passing away. Therefore, if speech-sounds undergo modification, their eternality ceases; on the other hand, if they are eternal, their having the property of modification ceases. This variation in properties is thus a contradictory pseudo-reason.
Translations (1)
- English (machine translation) — English, machine translation
Commentaries (2)
- Nyāyavārtikatātparyaṭīkā — Vācaspati Miśra, Sanskrit
- Nyāyavārttika — Uddyotakara, Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit