Nyāya Sūtras 192
Nyāyabhāṣya 192
- Language
- Sanskrit
192.2
yadi na vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ kathaṃ tarhi vyaktāv upacāra iti? nimittād atadbhāve 'pi tadupacāraḥ/ dṛśyate khalu ---
If the individual is not the referent of a word, how then is there application to the individual? On account of a cause, even when it is not that, there is application [of the word] to it. For it is observed:
192.4
sahacaraṇasthānatādarthyavṛttamānadhāraṇasāmīpyayogasādhanādhipatyebhyo brāhmaṇamañcakaṭarājasaktu candanagaṅgāśāṭakānnapuruṣeṣv atadbhāve 'pi tadupacāraḥ ||
NyS 2.2.62: On account of association, location, purpose, conduct, measure, weighing, proximity, connection, instrument, and authority, there is application [of a word] even when it is not that, in the case of the Brahmin, the cot, the mat, the king, barley-meal, sandalwood, the Gaṅgā, the cloth, food, and the man.
192.5
atadbhāve 'pi tadupacāra iti atacchabdasya tena śabdenābhidhānam iti/ sahacaraṇād --- yaṣṭikāṃ bhojayeti, yaṣtikāsahacarito brāhmaṇo 'bhidhīyata iti/
'Application to it even when it is not that' means designation of that which is not the bearer of that word by that word. From association: in 'feed the staff', the Brahmin associated with the staff is designated.
192.6
sthānāt --- mañcāḥ krośantīti mañcasthāḥ puruṣā abhidhīyante/ tādarthyāt --- kaṭārtheṣu vīraṇeṣu vyuhyamāneṣu kaṭaṃ karotīti bhavati/ vṛtāt --- yamo rājā kubero rājeti tadvadvartata iti/ mānāt --- āḍhakena mitāḥ saktavaḥ āḍhakasaktava iti/ dhāraṇāt --- tulāyāṃ dhṛtaṃ candanaṃ tulācandanam iti/ sāmīpyāt --- gaṅgāyāṃ gāvaś carantīti deśo 'bhidhīyate sannikṛṣṭaḥ/ yogāt --- kṛṣṇena rāgeṇa yuktaḥ śāṭakaḥ kṛṣṇa ity abhidhīyate/ sādhanāt --- annaṃ prāṇā iti/ ādhipatyāt --- ayaṃ puruṣaḥ kulam ayaṃ gotram iti/ tatrāyaṃ sahacaraṇād yogād vā jātiśabdo vyaktau prayjyata iti//62//
From location: in 'the cots cry out', the men located on the cots are designated. From purpose: while reed-grasses meant for a mat are being woven, the expression 'he makes a mat' occurs. From conduct: in 'the king is Yama', 'the king is Kubera', [the meaning is that] he behaves like them. From measure: barley-meal measured by an āḍhaka-vessel is called 'an āḍhaka of barley-meal'. From weighing: sandalwood held in a balance is called 'balance-sandalwood'. From proximity: in 'cows graze in the Gaṅgā', the contiguous region is designated. From connection: a cloth connected with black dye is called 'black'. From instrument: 'food is the vital breaths'. From authority: 'this man is the family', 'this [man] is the clan'. In that context, this word for the universal is applied to the individual due to association or connection.
Translations (1)
- English (machine translation) — English, machine translation
Commentaries (1)
- Nyāyavārttika — Uddyotakara, Sanskrit
Linked texts (2)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit
- Vyāsapāṇinibhavanirṇaya — Setumādhavācārya, Sanskrit