Nyāya Sūtras 210
Nyāyabhāṣya 210
- Language
- Sanskrit
210.3
dṛṣṭāntavirodhād apratiṣedhaḥ ||
There is no refutation, because of conflict with the example.
210.4
na kāraṇadravyasya vibhāge kāryadravyam avatiṣṭate nityatvaprasaṅgāt/ bahuṣv avayaviṣu yasya kāraṇāni vibhaktāni tasya vināśaḥ, yeṣāṃ kāraṇāny avibhaktāni tāni avatiṣṭhante/
atha vā dṛśyamānārthavirodho dṛṣṭāntavirodhaḥ/ mṛtasya hi śiraḥkapāle dvāv avaṭau nāsāsthivyavahitau cakṣuṣaḥ sthāne bhedena gṛhyete na caitad ekasmin nāsāsthivyavahite sambhavati/
atha vā ekavināśasyāniyamād dvāv imāv arthau, tau ca pṛthagāvaraṇopaghātau anumīyete vibhinnav iti/
An effect-substance does not remain when a cause-substance is divided, due to the undesirable consequence of [its] eternality. Among many wholes, that whose causes are divided is destroyed; those whose causes are not divided remain.
Or alternatively, conflict with the example means conflict with the observed facts. For in the skull of a dead person, two cavities, separated by the nasal bone, are apprehended distinctly in the place of the eye, and this is not possible in a single [organ] separated by the nasal bone.
Or alternatively, because the destruction of one is not invariable, these are two distinct things, and they are inferred to be separate because their coverings and injuries are distinct.
210.5
avapīḍanāc caikasya cakṣuṣo raśmiviṣayasannikarṣasya bhedād dṛśyabheda iva gṛhyate; tac caikatve virudhyate; avapīḍananivṛttau cābhinnapratisandhānam iti/ tasmād ekasya vyavadhānānupapattiḥ//11//
And from pressing upon one eye, because of a difference in the contact between the [visual] rays and the object, a difference in the perceived object is apprehended as it were; and that is contradicted if there is oneness; and when the pressing ceases, there is an undivided synthesis. Therefore, the separation of a single [organ] is untenable.
Translations (1)
- English (machine translation) — English, machine translation
Commentaries (2)
- Nyāyavārtikatātparyaṭīkā — Vācaspati Miśra, Sanskrit
- Nyāyavārttika — Uddyotakara, Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit