Nyāya Sūtras 39
Nyāyabhāṣya 39
- Language
- Sanskrit
39.3
udāharaṇāpekṣas tathety upasaṃhāro na tatheti vā sādhyasyopanayaḥ ||
Nyāyasūtra 1.1.38: Dependent on the example, the application is the subsumption of the subject of inference as 'so', or as 'not so'.
39.4
udāharaṇāpekṣa udāharaṇatantra udāharaṇavaśaḥ/ vaśaḥ sāmarthyam/ sādhyasādharmyayukte udāharaṇe sthālyādi dravyam utpattidharmakam anityaṃ dṛṣṭam, tathā śabda utpattidharmaka iti sādhyasya śabdasyotpattidharmakatvam upasaṃhriyate/
'Dependent on the example' means reliant on the example, governed by the example. 'Power' means capacity. In an example possessing similarity with the subject of inference, a substance such as a cooking pot is observed to possess the property of being produced and to be impermanent; likewise, sound possesses the property of being produced: thus, the possession of the property of being produced is subsumed in sound, which is the subject of inference.
39.5
sādhyavaidharmyayukte punar udāharaṇa ātmādi dravyam anutpattidharmakaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭam, na ca tathā śabda iti, anutpattidharmakatvasyopasaṃhārarapratiṣedhenotpattidharmakatvam upasaṃhriyate/ tad idam upasaṃhāradvaitam udāharaṇadvaitād bhavati/ upasaṃhriyate 'neneti copasaṃhāro veditavya iti//38//
In an example possessing dissimilarity from the subject of inference, on the other hand, a substance such as the self is observed to possess the property of not being produced and to be permanent; and sound is not so: thus, through the negation of the subsumption of the property of not being produced, the property of being produced is subsumed. This twofoldness of subsumption arises from the twofoldness of the example. And 'subsumption' is to be understood as that by which [something] is subsumed.
Translations (1)
- English (machine translation) — English, machine translation
Commentaries (2)
- Nyāyavārtikatātparyaṭīkā — Vācaspati Miśra, Sanskrit
- Nyāyavārttika — Uddyotakara, Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit