Nyāya Sūtras 47
Nyāyabhāṣya 47
- Language
- Sanskrit
47.3
anaikāntikaḥ savyabhicāraḥ ||
The erratic is the inconclusive.
47.4
vyabhicāra ekatrāvyavasthitiḥ/ sahavyabhicāreṇa vartata iti svayabhicāraḥ/
Deviation (vyabhicāra) is non-abidance in one place. That which exists with deviation is erratic (savyabhicāra).
47.5
nidarśanam --- nityaḥ śabdo 'sparśatvāt, sparśavān kumbho 'nityo dṛṣṭaḥ na ca tathā sparśavān śabdas tasmād asparśatvān nityaḥ śabda iti/
An illustration: 'Sound is eternal, because it is intangible; a pot, which is tangible, is observed to be non-eternal, and sound is not tangible like that; therefore, because of intangibility, sound is eternal.'
47.6
dṛṣṭānte sparśavattvam anityatvaṃ ca dharmau na sādhyasādhanabhūtau gṛhyete sparśavāṃś cāṇur nityaś ceti/ ātmādau ca dṛṣṭānte
In the example, tangibility and non-eternality are not grasped as the probandum and the proof, since an atom is tangible and eternal. And in an example like the self,
47.7
``udāharaṇasādharmyāt sādhyasādhanaṃ hetuḥ'' ity asparśatvād iti hetur nityatvaṃ vyabhicarati, asparśā buddhir anityā ceti/ evaṃ dvividhe 'pi dṛṣṭānte vyabhicārāt sādhyasādhanabhāvo nāstīti lakṣaṇābhāvād ahetur iti/
nityatvam apy eko 'nto 'nityatvam apy eko ṇta ekasminn ante vidyata iti aikāntikaḥ viparyayād anaikāntika ubhayāntavyāpakatvād iti// 5 //
in accordance with the rule, 'The logical reason is the proof of the probandum through similarity with the example,' the logical reason 'because of intangibility' deviates from eternality, since cognition is intangible and non-eternal. Thus, because of deviation in both kinds of examples, the relation of probandum and proof does not exist; therefore, due to the absence of the definition, it is a non-reason. Eternality is one extreme, and non-eternality is one extreme. That which is found in one extreme is conclusive (aikāntika); by contrast, it is inconclusive (anaikāntika), because it pervades both extremes. || 5
Translations (1)
- English (machine translation) — English, machine translation
Commentaries (2)
- Nyāyavārtikatātparyaṭīkā — Vācaspati Miśra, Sanskrit
- Nyāyavārttika — Uddyotakara, Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit