Nyāya Sūtras 63
Nyāyabhāṣya 63
- Language
- Sanskrit
63.2
ata ūrdhvaṃ pramāṇādiparīkṣā/ sā ca ``vimṛśya pakṣapratipakṣābhyām arthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ'' ity agre vimarṣa eva parīkṣyate ---
Hereafter begins the critical examination of the means of valid cognition and the rest. And since "ascertainment is the determination of an object by means of thesis and counter-thesis after deliberating," deliberation itself is examined first:
63.3
samānānekadharmādhyavasāyād anyataradharmādhyavasāyād vā na saṃśayaḥ ||
NyS 2.1.1: Doubt does not arise from the apprehension of a common or unique property, or from the apprehension of the property of either.
63.4
samānasya dharmasyādhyavasāyāt saṃśayo na dharmamātrāt/ atha vā samānam anayor dharmam upalabha iti dharmadharmigrahaṇe saṃśayābhāva iti/
Doubt arises from the apprehension of a common property, not from a mere property. Alternatively: when there is apprehension of both property and property-possessor, as in "I apprehend a property common to these two," there is an absence of doubt.
63.5
atha vā samānadharmādhyavasāyād arthāntarabhūte dharmiṇi saṃśayo 'nupapannaḥ, na jātu rūpasyārthāntarabhūtasyādhyavasāyād arthāntarabhūte sparśe saṃśaya iti/ atha vā na adhyavasāyād arthāvadhāraṇād anavadhāraṇajñānaṃ saṃśaya upapadyate kāryakāraṇayoḥ sārūpyābhāvād iti/ etenānekadharmādhyavasāyād iti vyākhyātam/ anyataradharmādhyvasāyāc ca saṃśayo na bhavati, tato hy anyatarāvadhāraṇam eveti//
Alternatively: doubt regarding a property-possessor that is a different entity cannot occur from the apprehension of a common property; never indeed does doubt regarding touch, which is a different entity, arise from the apprehension of color, which is a different entity. Alternatively: doubt, being an indeterminate cognition, cannot arise from apprehension, which is a determination of an object, because there is an absence of resemblance between cause and effect. By this, [the phrase] "from the apprehension of a unique property" is also explained. And doubt does not arise from the apprehension of the property of either, because from that there is only the determination of one or the other.
Translations (1)
- English (machine translation) — English, machine translation
Commentaries (2)
- Nyāyavārtikatātparyaṭīkā — Vācaspati Miśra, Sanskrit
- Nyāyavārttika — Uddyotakara, Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit