Verses on Sāṃkhya 31.2

31.2

yugapaccatuṣṭayasya buddhyahaṃkāramanasāmekaikendriyasambandhe sati catuṣṭayaṃ bhavati catuṣṭayasya dṛṣṭe prativiṣayādhyavasāye yugapadvṛtirbuddhyahaṃkāramanaścakṣūṃṣi yugapadekakālaṃ rūpaṃ paśyati sthāṇurayamiti / buddhyahaṃkāramanojihvā yugapadrasaṃ gṛhṇanti / buddhyahaṃkāramanoghrāṇāni yugapadgandhaṃ gṛhṇanti / tathā tvakśrotre api / kiṃca kramaśaśca tasya nirdiṣṭā tasyeti catuṣṭayasyakramaśaśca vṛttirbhavati / yathā kaścit pathi gacchan dūrādeva dṛṣṭvā sthāṇurayaṃ puruṣo veti saṃśaye sati tatroparūḍhāṃ valliṃ talliṅgaṃ paśyati śakuniṃ vā tato tasya manasā saṃkalpite saṃśaye vyavacchedabhūtā buddhirbhavati sthāṇurayamityato 'haṃkāraśca niścayārthaḥ sthāṇurevetyevaṃ buddhyahaṃkāramanaścakṣuṣāṃ kramaśo vṛttirdṛṣṭā yathā rūpe tathā śabdādiṣvapi boddhavyā dṛṣṭe dṛṣṭaviṣaye / kiṃcānyattathāpyadṛṣṭe trayasya tatpūrvikā vṛttiradṛṣṭe 'nāgate 'tīte ca kāle buddhyahaṃkāramanasāṃ rūpe cakṣuḥ pūrvikā trayasya vṛttiḥ sparśe tvakpūrvikā gandhe ghrāṇapūrvikā rase rasanapūrvikā śabde śravaṇapūrvikā buddhyahaṃkāramanasāmanāgate bhaviṣyati kāle 'tīte ca tat kramaśo vṛttirvarttamāne yugapat kramaśaśceti // 30 //

"Simultaneous […] of the fourfold": when the intellect, the ego-maker, and the mind are each connected with one sense faculty, there is a fourfold set. With respect to a perceived object, in the determination of a corresponding object, the operation of the fourfold set is simultaneous: the intellect, the ego-maker, the mind, and the eyes simultaneously, at one and the same time, see a form, [thinking,] "This is a post." The intellect, the ego-maker, the mind, and the tongue simultaneously grasp a taste. The intellect, the ego-maker, the mind, and the olfactory organ simultaneously grasp an odor. Likewise also the skin and the ears. Moreover, "and gradual it is indicated": "of it," that is, of the fourfold set, the operation is also gradual. As when someone walking on a path, seeing from afar, is in doubt—"Is this a post or a man?"—he sees a creeping vine climbing on it, which is its characteristic sign, or a bird; then, when the doubt has been reflected upon by the mind, there arises the intellect which forms the resolution, "This is a post"; and from this arises the ego-maker whose object is certitude, "It is indeed a post." In this way the gradual operation of the intellect, ego-maker, mind, and eye is seen; as with form, so it should be understood with respect to sound and the rest. "With respect to a perceived [object]" means with respect to a perceived object of sense. Moreover, "likewise with respect to an unperceived one, the operation of the triad is preceded by that": with respect to an unperceived [object] in future or past time, the operation of the triad—the intellect, the ego-maker, and the mind—with respect to form is preceded by the eye; with respect to touch it is preceded by the skin; with respect to odor it is preceded by the olfactory organ; with respect to taste it is preceded by the gustatory organ; with respect to sound it is preceded by the auditory organ. For the intellect, the ego-maker, and the mind in future time—in the time to come—and in the past, that operation is gradual, while in the present it is both simultaneous and gradual. // 30