Verses on Sāṃkhya 6.3

6.3

prativiṣayeṣu śrotrādināṃ śabdādiviṣayeṣu adhyavasāyo dṛṣṭaṃ pratyakṣamityarthaḥ / trividhamanumānamākhyātaṃ śeṣavat pūrvavat sāmānyato dṛṣṭaṃ ceti / pūrvamasyāstīti pūrvavad yathā meghonnatyā vṛṣṭiṃ sādhayati pūrvavṛṣṭitvāt / śeṣavadyathā samudrādekaṃ jalapalaṃ lavaṇamāsādya śeṣasyāpyasti lavaṇabhāva iti / sāmānyato dṛṣṭam / deśāntarāddeśāntaraṃ prāptaṃ dṛṣṭam / gatimaccandratārakaṃ caitravat / yathā caitranāmānaṃ deśāntarāddeśāntaraṃ prāptamavalokya gatimānayāmīti tadvaccandratārakamiti tathā puṣpitāmradarśanādanyatrapuṣpitāmrā iti sāmānyato dṛṣṭena sādhayati / etatsāmānyadṛṣṭam /
kiñca talliṅgaliṅgipūrvakamiti tadanumānaṃ liṅgapūrvakaṃ yatra liṅgena liṅgī anumīyate yathā daṇḍena yatiḥ / liṅgipūrvakaṃ ca yatra liṅginā liṅgamanumīyate yathā dṛṣṭvā yatimasyedaṃ tridaṇḍamiti / āptaśrutirāptavacanaṃ ca / āptā ācāryyā brahmādayaḥ / śrutirvedaḥ / āptaśca śrutiśca āptaśrutī taduktamāptavacanamiti // 5 //

The determination regarding each object, [that is,] regarding the objects like sound of the ear and so forth, is 'perceived'—meaning direct perception. 'Inference is declared to be threefold': having an antecedent (pūrvavat), having a consequent (śeṣavat), and analogical (sāmānyato dṛṣṭa). 'Having an antecedent' (pūrvavat) means that it has an antecedent; for example, from the rise of clouds one proves rain, because it previously rained. 'Having a consequent' (śeṣavat) is: as having found one drop of water from the ocean to be salty, the rest too possesses saltiness. 'Analogical' (sāmānyato dṛṣṭa) is: seen to have moved from one place to another place. The moon and stars possess motion, like Caitra; just as, having observed someone named Caitra to have moved from one place to another place, [one infers] 'this one moves', similarly in the case of the moon and stars; likewise, from seeing a mango tree in flower, one establishes by analogy that mango trees elsewhere are in flower. This is analogical.
Moreover, 'that is preceded by the sign and the bearer of the sign': that inference is preceded by a sign, wherein the bearer of the sign is inferred by means of the sign, as an ascetic by his staff; and it is preceded by the bearer of the sign, wherein the sign is inferred by means of the bearer of the sign, as having seen an ascetic, [one infers] 'this triple staff belongs to him'. And 'reliable tradition and trustworthy testimony': the reliable are the teachers, Brahmā and others; tradition is the Veda; the reliable and tradition are the reliable tradition; what is stated by them is trustworthy testimony. // 5