Viyahapannatti 24.20

24.20.856

"Venerable Sir! From where do five-sensed animals take birth? Do they take birth from hell-beings? Do they take birth from animals? Do they take birth from humans, [or] do they take birth from deities?"
"Gautama! They take birth from hell-beings, they take birth from animals, and also from humans, and also from deities."
"If they take birth from hell-beings, do they take birth from hell-beings of the Ratnaprabhā earth up to hell-beings of the Adhaḥsaptamī earth?"
"Gautama! They take birth from hell-beings of the Ratnaprabhā earth up to hell-beings of the Adhaḥsaptamī earth."
"Venerable Sir! A hell-being of the Ratnaprabhā earth who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals—among those of what lifespan duration, Venerable Sir, would he take birth?"
"Gautama! At minimum he would take birth among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, and at maximum among those with a lifespan of a pūrvakoṭi."
"Venerable Sir! How many such souls take birth at a single point in time?" [The text is] as described for the Asurakumāras, with the difference that: in bone-structure, pudgalas transform into unpleasant, disagreeable, up to [unfavorable ones]. Height is declared to be of two kinds, namely: primary bodily [height] and secondary transformational [height]. Therein, that which is the primary bodily [height] is at minimum an innumerableth part of a finger-breadth, [and] at maximum seven dhanuṣas, three ratnis, [and] six finger-breadths. Therein, that which is the secondary transformational [height] is at minimum a numerableth part of a finger-breadth, [and] at maximum fifteen dhanuṣas [and] two and a half ratnis.
"Venerable Sir! Of what shape are the bodies of those souls declared to be?"
"Gautama! They are declared to be of two kinds, namely: primary bodily and secondary transformational. Therein, those that are primary bodily are declared to be huṇḍa-shaped; therein, those that are secondary transformational are also declared to be huṇḍa-shaped. One [leśyā], kāpota-leśyā, is declared. There are four samugghātas. They are neither female-gendered nor male-gendered, but neuter-gendered. Lifespan duration is at minimum ten thousand years, [and] at maximum one sāgaropama. The continuation is likewise. The rest is the same. In terms of rebirths, at minimum [there are] two rebirths, [and] at maximum eight rebirths. In terms of time, at minimum ten thousand years exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum four sāgaropamas exceeded by four pūrvakoṭis—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
If that very same [hell-being] is born among those of minimal lifespan duration: at minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum also among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration. The remainder is the same, with the difference that: in terms of time, at minimum it is the same, [and] at maximum four sāgaropamas exceeded by four antarmuhūrtas—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations. Thus the remaining seven permutations are also to be stated, just as in the Hell-Being uddeśaka with sentient five-sensed [beings]. For hell-beings, there is a variation of lifespan duration in the middle three permutations and in the last three permutations. The rest is the same. Lifespan duration and saṃvedha should be known everywhere.
"Venerable Sir! A hell-being of the Śarkarāprabhā earth who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals?" As the nine permutations were stated for Ratnaprabhā, likewise [they are] for Śarkarāprabhā also, with the difference that: bodily height is as in the Height and Shape [section]. Three knowledges and three ignorances are invariable. Lifespan duration and continuation have been stated previously. Thus all nine permutations are to be stated with due application. In this way up to the sixth earth, with the difference that: height, leśyā, lifespan duration, continuation, and saṃvedha should be known.
"Venerable Sir! A hell-being of the Adhaḥsaptamī earth who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals?" In this very manner [there are] nine permutations, with the difference that: height, leśyā, lifespan duration, [and] continuation should be known. Saṃvedha in terms of rebirths: at minimum two rebirths, [and] at maximum six rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum twenty-two sāgaropamas exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum sixty-six sāgaropamas exceeded by three pūrvakoṭis—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations. In all the first six permutations: at minimum two rebirths, [and] at maximum six rebirths. In the last three permutations: at minimum two rebirths, [and] at maximum four rebirths. In all nine permutations the capability is as in the first permutation, with the difference that: the particularity of lifespan duration and in terms of time in the second permutations is at minimum twenty-two sāgaropamas exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum sixty-six sāgaropamas exceeded by three antarmuhūrtas—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
In the third permutation: at minimum twenty-two sāgaropamas exceeded by a pūrvakoṭi, [and] at maximum sixty-six sāgaropamas exceeded by three pūrvakoṭis. In the fourth permutation: at minimum twenty-two sāgaropamas exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum sixty-six sāgaropamas exceeded by three pūrvakoṭis. In the fifth permutation: at minimum twenty-two sāgaropamas exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum sixty-six sāgaropamas exceeded by three antarmuhūrtas. In the sixth permutation: at minimum twenty-two sāgaropamas exceeded by a pūrvakoṭi, [and] at maximum sixty-six sāgaropamas exceeded by three pūrvakoṭis. In the seventh permutation: at minimum thirty-three sāgaropamas exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum sixty-six sāgaropamas exceeded by two pūrvakoṭis.
In the eighth permutation: at minimum thirty-three sāgaropamas exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum sixty-six sāgaropamas exceeded by two pūrvakoṭis—[and in the ninth permutation, at minimum thirty-three sāgaropamas exceeded by a pūrvakoṭi,] at maximum sixty-six sāgaropamas exceeded by two pūrvakoṭis—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
"If they take birth from animals, do they take birth from one-sensed animals?" Rebirth is as in the Earth-bodied uddeśaka up to: "Venerable Sir! An earth-bodied soul who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals—among those of what lifespan duration, Venerable Sir, would he take birth?"
"Gautama! At minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum among those with a lifespan of a pūrvakoṭi."
"Venerable Sir! How many such souls take birth at a single point in time?" Thus, from quantity up to continuation, whatever statement there is in its own state, that very same is to be stated for one taking birth among five-sensed animals, with the difference that: in all nine permutations, in quantity, at minimum one, or two, or three, [and] at maximum a numerable or innumerable [number] take birth. Also in terms of rebirths, in all nine permutations: at minimum two rebirths, [and] at maximum eight rebirths. The rest is the same. In terms of time, one should calculate both lifespan durations.
"If they take birth from water-bodied beings?" Likewise for water-bodied beings also. Thus up to four-sensed beings, rebirth is to be stated, with the difference that: everywhere one's own capability is to be stated. In all nine permutations, in terms of rebirths: at minimum two rebirths, [and] at maximum eight rebirths. In terms of time, one should calculate both lifespan durations for all of them in all permutations. Just as is the capability of those taking birth among earth-bodied beings, so everywhere lifespan duration and saṃvedha should be known.
"If they take birth from five-sensed animals, do they take birth from sentient five-sensed animals [or] do they take birth from non-sentient five-sensed animals?"
"Gautama! Sentient five-sensed [and] non-sentient five-sensed—the distinction is just as for one taking birth among earth-bodied beings, up to:
"Venerable Sir! A non-sentient five-sensed animal who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals—among those of what lifespan duration, Venerable Sir, would he take birth?"
"Gautama! At minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum among those of an innumerableth part of a palyopama's duration."
"Venerable Sir! How many such souls take birth at a single point in time?" The remainder is just as for a non-sentient [animal] taking birth among earth-bodied beings, completely without exception, up to rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum two antarmuhūrtas, [and] at maximum an innumerableth part of a palyopama exceeded by a plurality of pūrvakoṭis—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations. In the second permutation, this very same capability [applies], with the difference that: in terms of time, at minimum two antarmuhūrtas, [and] at maximum four pūrvakoṭis exceeded by four antarmuhūrtas—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
If that very same [being] is born among those of maximal lifespan duration: at minimum among those of an innumerableth part of a palyopama's duration, [and] at maximum also among those of an innumerableth part of a palyopama's duration.
"Venerable Sir! How many such souls take birth at a single point in time?" Thus, as for a non-sentient [animal] taking birth in Ratnaprabhā, completely without exception up to in terms of time, with the difference that: in quantity, at minimum one, or two, or three, [and] at maximum a numerable [number] take birth. The rest is the same.
If he himself has become one of minimal lifespan duration: at minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum among those with a lifespan of a pūrvakoṭi.
"Venerable Sir! How many such souls take birth at a single point in time?" The remainder is as for this one taking birth among earth-bodied beings in the middle three permutations, so here also in the middle three permutations up to continuation. In terms of rebirths: at minimum two rebirths, [and] at maximum eight rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum two antarmuhūrtas, [and] at maximum four pūrvakoṭis exceeded by four antarmuhūrtas.
If that very same [being] is born among those of minimal lifespan duration, this very same statement [applies], with the difference that: in terms of time, at minimum two antarmuhūrtas, [and] at maximum eight antarmuhūrtas—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
If that very same [being] is born among those of maximal lifespan duration: at minimum among those with a lifespan of a pūrvakoṭi, [and] at maximum also among those with a lifespan of a pūrvakoṭi—this very same statement [applies], with the difference that: [saṃvedha] should be known in terms of time.
If he himself has become one of maximal lifespan duration: that very statement of the first permutation [applies], with the difference that: lifespan duration is at minimum a pūrvakoṭi, [and] at maximum also a pūrvakoṭi. The rest is the same. In terms of time: at minimum a pūrvakoṭi exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum an innumerableth part of a palyopama exceeded by a plurality of pūrvakoṭis—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
If that very same [being] is born among those of minimal lifespan duration, this very statement as in the seventh permutation [applies], with the difference that: in terms of time, at minimum a pūrvakoṭi exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum four pūrvakoṭis exceeded by four antarmuhūrtas—for this much time he would be numerable, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
If that very same [being] is born among those of maximal lifespan duration: at minimum an innumerableth part of a palyopama, [and] at maximum also an innumerableth part of a palyopama. Thus, as for a non-sentient [animal] taking birth in Ratnaprabhā in the ninth permutation, completely without exception up to in terms of time, with the difference that: quantity is as in the third permutation of this very one. The rest is the same.
"If they take birth from sentient five-sensed animals, are they with lifespans of numerable years [or] with lifespans of innumerable years?"
"Gautama! With lifespans of numerable years, not with lifespans of innumerable years."
"If with lifespans of numerable years, up to: are they developed with lifespans of numerable years [or] undeveloped with lifespans of numerable years?"
"In both. Venerable Sir! A sentient five-sensed animal with a lifespan of numerable years who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals—among those of what lifespan duration, Venerable Sir, would he take birth?"
"Gautama! At minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum among those of three palyopamas' duration."
"Venerable Sir! How many such souls take birth at a single point in time?" The remainder is as for this very same sentient one taking birth in Ratnaprabhā in the first permutation, with the difference that: height is at minimum an innumerableth part of a finger-breadth, [and] at maximum one thousand yojanas. The rest is the same up to rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum two antarmuhūrtas, [and] at maximum three palyopamas exceeded by a plurality of pūrvakoṭis—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
If that very same [being] is born among those of minimal lifespan duration, this very same statement [applies], with the difference that: in terms of time, at minimum two antarmuhūrtas, [and] at maximum four pūrvakoṭis exceeded by four antarmuhūrtas.
If that very same [being] is born among those of maximal lifespan duration: at minimum among those of three palyopamas' duration, [and] at maximum also among those of three palyopamas' duration; this very same statement [applies], with the difference that: in quantity, at minimum one, or two, or three, [and] at maximum a numerable [number] take birth; height is at minimum an innumerableth part of a finger-breadth, [and] at maximum one thousand yojanas; the rest is the same up to continuation. In terms of rebirths: two rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum three palyopamas exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum three palyopamas exceeded by a pūrvakoṭi.
If he himself has become one of minimal lifespan duration: at minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum among those with a lifespan of a pūrvakoṭi. His capability is as for this very same sentient five-sensed [animal] taking birth among earth-bodied beings in the middle three permutations, so here also it should be applied in the middle three permutations. Saṃvedha is just as here for the non-sentient one in the middle three permutations.
If he himself has become one of maximal lifespan duration: as in the first permutation, with the difference that: lifespan duration and continuation are at minimum a pūrvakoṭi, [and] at maximum also a pūrvakoṭi. In terms of time: at minimum a pūrvakoṭi exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum three palyopamas exceeded by a plurality of pūrvakoṭis.
If that very same [being] is born among those of minimal lifespan duration, this very same statement [applies], with the difference that in terms of time: at minimum a pūrvakoṭi exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum four pūrvakoṭis exceeded by four antarmuhūrtas.
If that very same [being] is born among those of maximal lifespan duration: at minimum among those of three palyopamas' duration, [and] at maximum also among those of three palyopamas' duration. The remainder is the same, with the difference that: quantity and height are as in the third permutation of this very one. In terms of rebirths: two rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum three palyopamas exceeded by a pūrvakoṭi, [and] at maximum three palyopamas exceeded by a pūrvakoṭi—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
"If they take birth from humans, do they take birth from sentient humans [or] from non-sentient humans?"
"Gautama! They take birth from sentient humans also, [and] from non-sentient humans also."
"Venerable Sir! A non-sentient human who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals—among those of what lifespan duration, Venerable Sir, would he take birth?"
"Gautama! At minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum among those with a lifespan of a pūrvakoṭi. His capability in all three permutations is just as for one taking birth among earth-bodied beings. Saṃvedha is to be stated completely just as here for the non-sentient five-sensed [animal] in the middle three permutations."
"If they take birth from sentient humans, do they take birth from sentient humans with lifespans of numerable years [or] from sentient humans with lifespans of innumerable years?"
"Gautama! From those with lifespans of numerable years, not from those with lifespans of innumerable years."
"If from those with lifespans of numerable years, are they developed [or] undeveloped?"
"Gautama! Developed with lifespans of numerable years, [and] undeveloped with lifespans of numerable years."
"Venerable Sir! A sentient human who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals—among those of what lifespan duration, Venerable Sir, would he take birth?"
"Gautama! At minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum among those of three palyopamas' duration."
"Venerable Sir! How many such souls take birth at a single point in time?" His capability is as for this very sentient human taking birth among earth-bodied beings in the first permutation, up to rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum two antarmuhūrtas, [and] at maximum three palyopamas exceeded by a plurality of pūrvakoṭis.
If that very same [being] is born among those of minimal lifespan duration, this very same statement [applies], with the difference that: in terms of time, at minimum two antarmuhūrtas, [and] at maximum four pūrvakoṭis exceeded by four antarmuhūrtas.
If that very same [being] is born among those of maximal lifespan duration: at minimum among those of three palyopamas' duration, [and] at maximum also among those of three palyopamas' duration; that very statement [applies], with the difference that: height is at minimum a plurality of finger-breadths, [and] at maximum five hundred dhanuṣas. Lifespan duration is at minimum a plurality of months, [and] at maximum a pūrvakoṭi. The continuation is likewise. In terms of rebirths: two rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum three palyopamas exceeded by a plurality of months, [and] at maximum three palyopamas exceeded by a pūrvakoṭi—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
If he himself has become one of minimal lifespan duration: as the statement was made for a sentient five-sensed animal taking birth among five-sensed animals in the middle three permutations, that very same statement is to be made for this one also in the middle three permutations without exception, with the difference that: in quantity, at maximum a numerable [number] take birth. The rest is the same.
If he himself has become one of maximal lifespan duration: that very statement of the first permutation [applies], with the difference that: height is at minimum five hundred dhanuṣas, [and] at maximum also five hundred dhanuṣas. Lifespan duration and continuation are at minimum a pūrvakoṭi, [and] at maximum also a pūrvakoṭi. The rest is the same up to rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum a pūrvakoṭi exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum three palyopamas exceeded by a plurality of pūrvakoṭis—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
If that very same [being] is born among those of minimal lifespan duration, this very same statement [applies], with the difference that: in terms of time, at minimum a pūrvakoṭi exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum four pūrvakoṭis exceeded by four antarmuhūrtas.
If that very same [being] is born among those of maximal lifespan duration: at minimum three palyopamas, [and] at maximum also three palyopamas. This very capability is as in the seventh permutation. In terms of rebirths: two rebirths. In terms of time: at minimum three palyopamas exceeded by a pūrvakoṭi, [and] at maximum also three palyopamas exceeded by a pūrvakoṭi—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations.
"If they take birth from deities, do they take birth from Bhavanavāsin deities, [or] from Vāṇamantara, Jyotiṣka, [or] Vaimānika deities?"
"Gautama! From Bhavanavāsin deities up to Vaimānika deities also."
"If from Bhavanavāsin deities, do they take birth from Asurakumāra Bhavanavāsin deities up to Stanitakumāra Bhavanavāsin deities?"
"Gautama! From Asurakumāra up to Stanitakumāra Bhavanavāsin deities."
"Venerable Sir! An Asurakumāra who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals—among those of what lifespan duration, Venerable Sir, would he take birth?"
"Gautama! At minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum among those with a lifespan of a pūrvakoṭi. The capability of the Asurakumāras in all nine permutations is as for one taking birth among earth-bodied beings. Thus up to an Īśāna deity, the capability is the same. In terms of rebirths everywhere: at maximum eight rebirths, [and] at minimum two rebirths. Lifespan duration and saṃvedha should be known everywhere."
"Venerable Sir! A Nāgakumāra who is capable?" This very same statement [applies], with the difference that: lifespan duration and saṃvedha should be known. Thus up to Stanitakumāra.
"If from Vāṇamantaras, do they take birth from Piśācas?" It is the same up to: "Venerable Sir! A Vāṇamantara who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals?" In this very manner, with the difference that: lifespan duration and saṃvedha should be known.
"If Jyotiṣkas?" Rebirth is the same up to: "Venerable Sir! A Jyotiṣka who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals?" This very same statement as in the Earth-bodied uddeśaka [applies]. In all nine permutations, [there are] eight rebirths up to in terms of time: at minimum an eighth part of a palyopama exceeded by an antarmuhūrta, [and] at maximum four palyopamas exceeded by four pūrvakoṭis and four hundred thousand years—for this much time he would stay, for this much time he would make transmigrations. Thus in all nine permutations, with the difference that: lifespan duration and saṃvedha should be known.
"If from Vaimānika deities, is it from Kalpopapanna Vaimānikas [or] from Kalpātīta Vaimānikas?"
"Gautama! From Kalpopapanna Vaimānikas, not from Kalpātīta Vaimānikas."
"If from Kalpopapannas, up to: they take birth from Sahasrāra Kalpopapanna Vaimānika deities also, but not from Ānata up to Acyuta Kalpopapanna Vaimānikas."
"Venerable Sir! A Saudharma deity who is capable of taking birth among five-sensed animals—among those of what lifespan duration, Venerable Sir, would he take birth?"
"Gautama! At minimum among those of an antarmuhūrta's duration, [and] at maximum among those with a lifespan of a pūrvakoṭi. The remainder is as in the Earth-bodied uddeśaka in all nine permutations, with the difference that: in all nine permutations, at minimum two rebirths, [and] at maximum eight rebirths. Lifespan duration and in terms of time should be known. Thus also for an Īśāna deity. In this sequence, the remaining deities up to the Sahasrāra deities should also be stated to take birth, with the difference that: bodily height is as in the Height and Shape [section]; leśyā: in the Sanatkumāra, Māhendra, and Brahmaloka [heavens], there is only padma-leśyā; for the remainder, only śukla-leśyā; in gender: not female-gendered, but male-gendered, not neuter-gendered; lifespan and continuation are as in the Section on Lifespan Duration. The rest is just as for the Īśāna [deities], and embodiment-saṃvedha should be known."
"That is so, Venerable Sir! That is so, Venerable Sir!"