The Compendium of Caraka 3.4.7

3.4.7

pratyakṣatastu khalu rogatattvaṃ bubhutsuḥ sarvairindriyaiḥ sarvānindriyārthānāturaśarīragatān parīkṣeta, anyatra rasajñānāt; tadyathā---antrakūjanaṃ, sandhisphuṭanamaṅgulīparvaṇāṃ ca, svaraviśeṣāṃśca, ye cānye 'api keciccharīropagatāḥ śabdāḥ syu(s)tāñchrotreṇa parīkṣeta; *varṇasaṃsthānapramāṇacchāyāḥ, śarīraprakṛtivikārau, cakṣurvaiṣayikāṇi yāni cānyānyanuktāni tāni cakṣuṣā parīkṣeta; rasaṃ tu khalvāturaśarīragatamindriyavaiṣayikamapyanumānādavagacchet, na hyasya pratyakṣeṇa grahaṇamupapadyate, tasmādāturaparipraśnenaivāturamukharasaṃ vidyāt, yūkāpasarpaṇena tvasya śarīravairasyaṃ, makṣikopasarpaṇena śarīramādhuryaṃ, lohitapittasaṃdehe tu kiṃ dhārilohitaṃ lohitapittaṃ veti śvakākabhakṣaṇāddhārilohitamabhakṣaṇāllohitapittamityanumātavyam, evamanyānapyāturaśarīragatān rasānanumimīta; gandhāṃstu khalu sarvaśarīragatānāturasya prakṛtivaikārikān ghrāṇena parīkṣeta; sparśaṃ ca pāṇinā prakṛtivikṛtiyuktam/

Desiring to know the true nature of a disease through direct perception, however, one should examine with all sense organs all sense objects present in the patient's body, except for the perception of taste. That is to say: gurgling of the intestines, cracking of joints and finger knuckles, variations in voice, and whatever other sounds occur in the body, one should examine with the ear; color, configuration, measurement, complexion, the normal and morbid conditions of the body, and whatever other [features] belong to the domain of the eye that are not mentioned, one should examine with the eye; but the taste present in the patient's body, although an object of the senses, one should understand through inference, for its apprehension through direct perception is not appropriate; therefore, one should know the taste of the patient's mouth solely through questioning the patient; however, tastelessness of his body [is inferred] from the departure of lice, sweetness of the body from the gathering of flies; and when there is doubt regarding blood-bile, whether it is healthy blood or blood-bile, it should be inferred from eating by dogs and crows that it is healthy blood, and from non-eating that it is blood-bile; in this way, one should also infer the other tastes present in the patient's body; the odors present in the entire body of the patient, whether normal or morbid, one should examine with the sense of smell; and touch, endowed with normal or morbid condition, [one should examine] with the hand.