Kautilya's Arthashastra 3.16.41

3.16.41

teṣu yathoktā daṇḍāḥ kāryāḥ //

Whenever hermits, etc., have to pay any fines, they may, in the name of the king, perform penance, oblation to gods, fireworship, or the ritual called Mahákachchhavardhana for as many nights as the number of panas of their fines. Those heretics (páshandáh) who have neither gold nor gold-coin shall similarly observe their fasts except in the case of defamation, theft, assault and abduction of women. Under these circumstances, they shall be compelled to undergo punishment.