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Tithididhiti 1.31.p1

Tithidīdhiti 1.31.p1

Language
Sanskrit

1.31.p1.1

ekacandrakalāvṛddhikṣayānyatarāvacchinnaḥ kālastithiḥ | sā
dvividhā | śuklā kṛṣṇā ca | tatraikaikacandrakalāvṛddhyavacchinnaḥ kālaḥ śuklatithiḥ
kṣayāvacchinnaḥ kālaḥ kṛṣṇatithiḥ | tatrāpi
prathamakalāyā vṛddhikṣayānyatarāvacchinnaḥ kālaḥ pratipat
dvitīyasyāstadanyatarāvacchinnaḥ kālo dvitīyā | evaṃ tṛtīyādyāḥ | sarvāpi sā tithirdvividhā | pūrṇā khaṇḍā ca | tatra
pūrṇā nāradīye-ādityodayavelāyāmārabhya ṣaṣṭināḍikāḥ
saṃpūrṇā iti vijñeyā iti | ato'nyā khaṇḍā | tatra yattithau
niṣiddhaṃ tatra khaṇḍāyāmapi na saṃdehaḥ | niṣedhastu nivṛttyātmā
kālamātramapekṣate-iti vṛddhagārgyavacanena tithyādyakṣaṇamārabhyāntyakṣaṇaparyantaṃ niṣedhasya pravṛttatvena nirṇayāt | ekādaśyāṃ bhojananiṣedhānāṃ vaidharmyamavasare vakṣyāmaḥ | vihiteṣu tvasti
khaṇḍāyā nirṇayāpekṣā, sakṛdanuṣṭheyasya śeṣiṇo guṇānurodhenāvṛttyasaṃbhavena kānuṣṭhānamiti saṃśayāt | tatrāpyekabhaktādivihitakarmaṇāṃ yo madhyāhnādikālī vihitaḥ, yasmindine tatkarmāṅgatithistatkālavyāpinī, yasminvā tadekadeśavyāpinī, dinadvaye sāmyenaikadeśavyāpitve'pi yatra karmopakramasamayavyāpinī taddina eva
tatkarmānuṣṭheyam, -karmaṇo yasya yaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī
tithiḥ | tayā karmāṇi kurvīta hrāsavṛddhī na kāraṇam | iti
vṛddhayājñavalkyavacanāt, ādyapakṣatrayepyanena vinigamanālābhāt-yo yasya vihitaḥ kālaḥ karmaṇastadupakrame | tithiyoṃ'bhimatā sā tu kāryā nopakramojjhitā iti baudhāyanavacanācca

1.31.p1.2

pūrvaviddhaiveyaṃ grāhyā paraviddhaiveyamiti vidhāyakaśāstrāṇāmīdṛśaviṣaye pravṛttau prātisvikakālavidhīnāṃ bādhāpatteśca, dinadvayakarmakālavyāptyādipakṣe teṣāṃ niyamavidhitvenopapattau śāstrāntarabādhāyogācca, hrāsavṛddhī na kāraṇamitīdṛśaviṣaye śāstrāntarāpravṛttiliṅgācca | yadā dinadvaye karmakālavyāptiḥ dinadvaye tadsparśo vā dinadvaye sāmyene kadeśavyāpitve'pyupakramasamavyāpitvaṃ
tadā daivakarmasu nakṣatraviśeṣādyanapekṣeṣu yugmādivākyena kāścitpūrvaviddhatvena kāścitparaviddhatvena niyamyante | tadyathā-yugmāgniyugbhūtānāṃ ṣaṇmunyorvasurandhrayoḥ | rudreṇa dvādaśī yuktā caturdaśyā ca pūrṇimā | pratipadyapyamāvāsyā tithyoryugmaṃ mahāphalam
etadvyastaṃ mahādoṣaṃ puṇyaṃ hanti purākṛtam | iti | yugmaṃ dvitīyā | agnistṛtīyā | yugaṃ caturthī | bhūtaṃ pañcamī | ṣaṭ ṣaṣṭhī
muniḥ saptamī | vasuraṣṭamī | randhraṃ navamī | rudra ekādaśī
atra dvitīyā tṛtīyāviddhā tṛtīyā dvitīyāviddhetyevaṃ pratiyugmaṃ
niyamaḥ kriyate | tadatikrame etadvyastamiti doṣaḥ kīrtyate | evametatsamānaviṣayāṇi etadviruddhavatpratīyamānāni-pratipatsadvitīyā syādvitīyā pratipadyutetyādīni karmasāmānyapuraskāreṇa
pravṛttāni, karmaviśeṣapuraskāreṇa ca pravṛttāni-caturthī gaṇanādhasya
mātṛviddhā praśasyata-ityādīnīdṛśa eva viṣaye niyamārthāni
virodhaparihāraṃ tvavasare darśayiṣyāmaḥ | pitryakarmatithestu uktapakṣatraye'nyataratithiniyamārthaṃ kharvādiśāstram | tadyathā-kharvo
darpastathā hiṃsā trividhaṃ tithilakṣaṇam | kharvadarpau parau pūjyau
hiṃsā syātpūrvakālikī iti | kharvaḥ sāmyaṃ, darpo vṛddhiḥ, hiṃsā

1.31.p1.3

kṣayaḥ | kharvadarpau cedvartete paraviddhā tithirgrāhyā | kṣaye pūrvaviddhetyarthaḥ | yadyapi yugmādivākye kharvādivākye ca karmaviśeṣo
nopāttastathāpi-dvitīyādikayugmānāṃ pūjyatā niyamādiṣu
ekoddiṣṭādivṛddhyādau hrāsavṛddhyādicodanā-iti niyamavacanādaivapitryaviṣayatvena vyavasthā labhyate-niyamādiṣviti sakaladaivopādānāt, ekoddiṣṭādīti sakalapitryopādānāt | ekoddiṣṭādisaṃbanthitivervṛddhyādāviti ṣaṣṭhīsamāsābhiprāyaḥ | karmāṅgatitheryattithivedhena grāhyatā varjanīyatā vā saṃpadyate tasya vedhakatitheḥ
kiyatparimāṇaṃ vedhamapekṣata ityapekṣāyāṃ paiṭhīnasiḥ-pakṣadvaye'pi
tithayastithiṃ pūrvā tathottarām | tribhirmuhūrtairvidhyanti sāmānyo'yaṃ vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ | iti tribhireveti niyamena tannyūnaghaṭikādiparimitatithyantarayoge'pi na grāhyatādiprayojakavedhasiddhiriti jñāpyate | varjanaprayojakavedhakatithiviśeṣe etadapavādaḥnāgo dvādaśanāḍībhirdikpañcadaśabhistathā | bhūto'ṣṭādaśanāḍībhirdūṣayatyuttarāṃ tithim | iti | atraca yatra skandavratasāvitrīvratādau ṣaṣṭhyāditithiḥ pūrvaviddhā vihitā tatrāpyuktaparimāṇapūrvatithivedhadoṣe pūrvaviddhā na grāhyeti kecit | anye tvāhuḥevaṃ sati vedhaviśiṣṭadūṣyatāvidhau gauravāpatteryathoktavratātiriktavrateṣūttaraviddhāniyamātpūrvaviddhāyā duṣṭatvamarthātsiddham | tatra
pūrvasyāstitheḥ prāptadūṣakatānuvādena parimāṇaviśeṣamātravidhau
lāghavamiti skandavratasāvitrīvratādivyatiriktavratamuktaparimāṇavedhe sati pūrvaviddhāyāṃ na kartavyaṃ tāvatparimāṇanyūnavedhe tu
pūrvaviddhāyāṃ kartavyamiti | anyānapi vedhaprakārāṃstattatprakaraṇe

1.31.p1.4

vakṣyāmaḥ
dinadvaye karmakālāsparśe tadekadeśasparśe vā yugmavākyādiśāstrādyaddinagatā tithirgrāhyatvena nirṇītā tasyāṃ vihitakālāvacchinnāyāṃ sāṅgaprayogāsaṃbhavena vaiguṇyaśaṅkāyāṃ devalaḥ-yāṃ tithiṃ
samanuprāpya udayaṃ yāti bhāskaraḥ | sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā snānadānajapādiṣu | yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya yātyastaṃ padminīpatiḥ
sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā snānadānādikarmasu | iti jyotiḥśāstraprasiddhatithisākalyābhāve'pi āhāryaṃ tithisākalyaṃ
vidadhadbhyāmetābhyāṃ vacanābhyāmuktaśaṅkānirāsena vihitakāle
eva tattatkarmānuṣṭhānaṃ niyamyate | prātaḥ saṃkalpayedvidvānupavāsavratādikam-iti vihitasaṃkalpakāle ca tithyantarasattve'pi
vihitatithyanusaṃdhānaṃ kāryamiti jñāpyate | kiyatparimāṇāyāstitheḥ pūrvottaratithividdhatvamuktavidhasākalyaṃ veti śaṅkāyāṃ
viṣṇudharmottare-udite daivataṃ bhānau paitryaṃ cāstamite ravau
dvimuhūrtaṃ trirahvaśca sā tithirhavyakavyayoḥ | iti | bhānorudayānantaraṃ dvimuhūrtaṃ daivataṃ tadvyāpinī tithirdaivātmake havye grāhyā,
raverastamayātpūrvamahastrimuhūrttaṃ pitryaṃ tadvyāpinī tithiḥ pitryātmake kavye grāhyetyarthaḥ | astamita iti bhūtārthāvivakṣāyā ahna
iti padena lābhāt | udaye dvimuhūrtāyā grahaṇaṃ ca trimuhūrtāyā
asaṃbhave jñeyam | trimuhūrttā na kartavyā yā tithiḥ kṣayagāminī
dvimuhūrttāpi kartavyā yā tithirvṛddhigāminī | iti dakṣavacane
śrutādapiśabdāt | dvimuhūrtaṃnyūnāyā api grāhyatvapratipādakaṃ
tu yacchāstraṃ—yathāha baudhāyanaḥ-ādityodayavelāyāṃ yā
stokāpi tithirbhavet | pūrṇā ityavagantavyā prabhūtā nodayaṃ vinā

1.31.p1.5

iti, skānde-vratopavāsasnānādau ghaṭikaikāpi yā bhavet
udaye sā tithirgrāhyā viparītā tu paitṛke | iti,—tadavayutyānuvādakatvenaikaṃ vṛṇīte trīnvṛṇīta itivattrimuhūrtādivyāpitithistutiparamiti bahavaḥ | vidhyekavākyatāṃ vinā stutyayogādyatra
gaurīvrate ekādaśīvrate parvasnānādau ghaṭikādiparimitāyā audayikyā grāhyatve śāstrāntarasaṃvādo labhyate tadviṣayamiti
tu tattvam
evamudayāstasaṃbandhatvena prāptasākalyasya kvacitkarmaṇyapavādaḥ
skānde-abhyaṅge codadhisnāne dantadhāvanamaithune | jāte ca maraṇe
caiva tatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ | manvādau ca yugādau ca grahaṇe
candrasūryayoḥ | vyatīpāte vaidhṛtau ca tatkālavyāpinī kriyā
iti | atra dvitīyaśloke grahaṇādidṛṣṭāntena manvādidugāditithīnāṃ sākalyāpavādo niyamyate | tathā nāradīye-pāraṇe
maraṇe nṝṇāṃ tithistātkālikī smṛtā iti | yatra tithiviśeṣe
pūrvaviddhāyāḥ paraviddhāyāḥ prāśastyabodhakatayā parasparaviruddhe
śāstre dṛśyete yathā tṛtīyāyāṃ yugmāgnīti, caturthīsaṃyutā yā
tu sā tṛtīyā phalapradeti ca, tatra śāstrāntarā tombānusāreṇa karmabhedena
vyavasthā | yathā rambhāvrate tṛtīyā pūrvaviddhā, gaurīvratādau paravidveti | yatra tvīdṛśī vyavasthā na labhyate tatra-śuklapakṣe tithirgrāhyā yasyāmabhyudito raviḥ | kṛṣṇapakṣe tithirgrāhyā yasyāmastamito raviḥ | iti mārkaṇḍeyavaconusāreṇa vyavasthā bodhyā
yasyāṃ tu tithau nakṣatravārādiyogena prāśastyaṃ bodhitaṃ tatra
yugmādiśāstroktavyavasthānusāritithau na labhyate tadviparītatithau

1.31.p1.6

ca labhyate tadoktavyavasthāmanādṛtya nakṣatrādiyoga evādaraṇīyaḥyā tithirṛkṣasaṃyuktā yā ca yogena nārada | muhūrttatrayamānāṃ1pi
sāpi sarvā praśasyate | iti | apiśabdo dvitīyo bhinnakramaḥ
sarvāpīti | yā tithirnakṣatrādyanapekṣaiva yasminkarmaṇi vihitā
tasyāmapi yugmādiśāstranirṇītapūrvaviddhaাদিরūpāyāṃ yadi tatkarma
daivānna kṛtaṃ tadavaśyakartavyaṃ ca tadā paraviddhaাদিরūpāmi sā
tithirgauṇakālatvena tasminkarmaṇi svīkartavyā-pratipatsadvitīyā
syādityādiśāstrāṇāṃ pratipadyapyamāvāsyeti śāstrāntarānurodhena
kṛṣṇapratipadyeva tadapravṛttidaśāyāṃ śuklapratipadyapi pravṛtterucitatvāt, bādhakābhāve bādhyasya nirapavādatvāditinyāyasyobhayatra
sāmyāditi mādhavaḥ | iti tithisāmānyanirṇayaparibhāṣā
atha viśeṣeṇa nirṇayaṃ vaktuṃ karmaṇāmavāntarabhedāstatkālāśca kathyante | tatra karmāṇi dvividhāni-daivāni pitryāṇi ca
tatra daivvāni ṣaḍvidhāni-ekabhakta-naktā-'yācito-pavāsavrata-dānarūpāṇi | tatra tadahorātragatadvitīyabhojanābhāvaviśiṣṭamadhyāhnavihitabhojanamekabhaktam | tādṛśameva pradoṣavihitaṃbhojanaṃ
naktam | ayācitaṃ tu tādṛśamevāyācitānnabhojanam-tryahaṃ prātastryahaṃ sāyaṃ tryahamadyādayācitaṃ-iti bṛhaspativacanādityāhuḥ
kecit | tanna | evaṃmasata kadācidyācitānnalābhābhāvenopavāsaprasaktau śiṣṭācāraviruddhavratabhaṅgāpatteḥ, tryahaṃ na kaṃcana yāceteti

1.31.p1.7

gautamavacaḥsaṃvādaucityādyācitamiti nañaḥ samāsāntargatasyāpi asūryaṃpaśyā itivatkriyānvayamaṅgīkṛtya yācitānnabhojanābhāvasaṃkalpātmakamevāyācitavrataṃ vidhīyata iti madanaratnakṛtaḥ | natvetadapi yuktam | taddine bhojanopayogiyācñāṃ kṛtvāpi
yācitabhojanamakurvato vratasaṃpūrṇatāpatteḥ, tatrāpi śiṣṭācāravirodhāt, tryahaṃ na kaṃcana yācetetivacaḥsvarasabhaṅgāpatteśca | atastaddinādhikaraṇikāyā bhojanopayogiyācñāyā varjanasaṃkalpātmakaṃ taditi yuktam | saṃgacchate caivaṃsati dināntare yācñālabdhasyāpi taddine pakvādiprati yācanemantareṇa bhojane vratabhaṅgābhāvaḥ
śiṣṭānām | tadahorātragatabhojanavarjanaphalopahitaḥ saṃkalpa upavāsaḥ| uktakriyācatuṣṭayabhinnadānabhinnahomapūjādyātmakadaivakriyāsaṃkalpo vratam | dānaṃ parasvatvāpādanaviśiṣṭaḥ (sva)svatvotsargaḥ
tāni ṣaḍapi daivāni pratyekaṃ trividhāni-anyāṅgāni, anyapratinidhibhūtāni, svatantrāṇi ceti | tatra yasyaikabhaktādeḥ pradhānaṃ pūjādi tadīyakāle madhyāhnādau
vihitaṃ tasyāṅgasya pradhānānurodhena svaguṇatyāgaucityāt pradhānanirṇayānusārinirṇayatvācca na nirṇayāpekṣā | yadapi dināntarakartavyatādyaṅgattvena vihitamekabhaktādi yathā-daśamyāmekabhaktañca
māṃsamaithunavarjitaḥ-iti, tasyāpi madhyāhnādisvasvakālānuṣṭhānasaṃbhave'pi yahine pradhānaṃ nirṇītaṃ tatpūrvadinādau kartavyatvānna
pṛthaṅnirṇayatvam | evaṃ-ekabhaktena naktena tathaivāyācitena ca

1.31.p1.8

upavāsena dānena na nirdvādaśiko bhavet | iti mārkaṇḍeyādivacanairekādaśīvratādipratinidhittvena vihitamekabhaktādi nirṇītataddina eva kāryamiti na nirṇayāpekṣā | ataḥ svatantrāṇāmevaiṣāṃ nirṇayatvam
tatraikabhaktakālo nirṇīyate | tasya mukhyaḥ kālo madhyāhnaḥ
madhyāhnavyāpinī grāhyā ekabhakte sadā tithiḥiti baudhāyanokteḥ | yadyapi madhyāhnaśabdo
nānārthaḥ pratīyate | tathāhi-muhūrttatritayaṃ prātastāvaneva tu saṃgavaḥ | madhyāhnāścāparāhnaśca sāyāhno'pyavarastathā-iti vyāsavākyāt pañcadhāvibhāgagato madhyabhāgo madhyāhnaḥ | ‘pūrvāhṇo
vai devānāṃ madhyaṃdino manuṣyāṇāmaparāhnaḥ pitṛṇāmiti śrutestredhāvibhāgagataḥ,-pūrvāhnaḥ praharaṃ sārdhaṃ madhyāhnaḥ praharaṃ tathā
ātṛtīyādaparāhnaḥ sāyāhnaśca tataḥ paraḥ | iti caturdhā vibhāgagato dvitīyabhāgaḥ | pañcadaśamuhūrtātmanā vibhāge madhyamuhūrte'pipūrvāhne vātha madhyāhne yadi parva samāpyate-iti, tathāpi parigrahavākyātpañcadhā vibhāgagatameva madhyāhnaṃ grāhyamāha mādhavaḥ
mānāntarānapekṣamadhyāhnaśabdātredhāvibhaktadinamadhyabhāgasya pratīteḥ
sa eva svīkārya iti hemādriḥ | bhavati caivamāśvavālādinyāyena balavadvaidikaprasiddhayanusaraṇam | madhyāhnasyāpyuttaradalamevaikabhaktāṅgam | tadasaṃbhave tvāstaṃ gauṇakālaḥ-dinārdhasamaye'tīte
bhujyate niyamena yat | ekabhaktamiti proktaṃ nyūnaṃ grāsatrayeṇa tu
iti devalavacanāt | madhyāhnottaradalātmanaḥ kālasya kātrsnryenaikadeśena vā paradina eva vihitatithisaṃbandhe tatraivādhikadeśasaṃbandhe vā paratraiva kāryam | pakṣāntareṣu pūrvatraiveti bahavaḥ

1.31.p1.9

dinadvaye karmakālavyāptau yugmaśāstrānnirṇaya iti hemādrau madranaratne ca | yatra sāṅgaikabhaktaprayoge uktamukhyakālo gauṇānapekṣo
na paryāpnoti tatra pūrvaiva tithiḥ, yatra paryāptastatra yugmavākyānnirṇaya iti matayorvyavasthā | ityekabhaktanirṇayaḥ
naktaṃ sauraṃ ravivāsarasaptamyādau vihitaṃ sāyāhne kāryam
ye tvādityadine brahmannaktaṃ kurvanti mānavāḥ
dinānte te'pi bhuṃjīranniṣedhādrātribhojane | iti
bhaviṣyottaravacanāt, narasya dviguṇāṃ chāyāmatikrāmedyadā raviḥ
tadā sauraṃ bhavennaktaṃ na naktaṃ niśi bhojanam | iti kaurmokteśca
anyadapi yatīnāṃ sāyāhna eva kāryam-nakṣatradarśane naktaṃ gṛhasthasya
vidhīyate | yaterdināṣṭame bhāge tasya rātrau niṣidhyate iti
devalavacanāt | ata uktavidhādvaye'pi sāyāhnavyāpinī tithirgrāhyā | uktānyanakte pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā-trimuhūrtaḥ pradoṣaḥ
syādbhānvāvastaṃgate sati | naktaṃ tatra ca kartavyamiti śāstraviniścayaḥ | iti vyāsokteḥ | astātprāktano muhūrto gauṇaḥ
kālaḥ-muhūrtondiṃnaṃ naktaṃ pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ | nakṣatradarśanānnaktamahaṃ manye gaṇādhipa-iti bhaviṣye paramatatvena tasya gauṇatvasūcanāt | dinadvaye pradoṣavyāptau parā grāhyā-yadi syādubhayostithyoḥ pradoṣavyāpinī tithiḥ | tadottaratra naktaṃ syādubhayaḥ
trāpi sā yataḥ | iti jābālivacanāt | ubhayatra divārātrau
evaṃ dinadvaye pradoṣaikadeśavyāptāvapi | dinadvaye pradoṣasaṃbandhābhāve tūttaratra sāyāhne naktaṃ kāryam-pradoṣavyāpinī na syāddivā
naktaṃ vidhīyate | ātmano dviguṇā chāyā mandībhavati bhāskare

1.31.p1.10

tannaktaṃ naktamityāhurna naktaṃ niśi bhojanam | iti skāndavacanāt
pūrvadine'dhikapradoṣaikadeśavyāptāvapi paratraiva pradoṣe naktaṃ kāryam
naktasya divārātrivratatvena divārātrispṛktithereva tatra praśastatvāt | evaṃ paradina eva pradoṣavyāptau paratraiva pradoṣādhikavyāptau
ca paratraiva ca naktaṃ nirvivādam | pūrvatraiva pradoṣavyāptau pūrvatraiva
naktamityapi tathā | atra niyamo gāruḍe-haviṣyabhojanaṃ
snānaṃ satyamāhāralāghavam | agnikāryamadhaḥśayyāṃ naktabhojī
ṣaḍācaret | iti | snānamidaṃ naktavratāṅgabhūtaṃ tatkālīnaṃ vidhīyate | agnikāryaṃ vyāhṛtibhirājyahomo laukikāgnau sakṛt
idaṃ ca naktabhojanaṃ-sāyaṃsaṃdhyā trighaṭikā ravāvastaṃgate satiiti nirdiṣṭasaṃdhyākālamatikramya kāryam-catvāryetāni kāryāṇi
saṃdhyāyāṃ parivarjayet | āhāraṃ maithunaṃ nidrāṃ svādhyāyaṃ ca
caturthakam | iti mārkaṇḍeyavacanāditi kecit | hemādristu
sūryāstaprabhṛtinakṣatradarśanāvadhireva mukhyaḥ saṃdhyāpadārthaḥ | tatsaṃbandhādghaṭikātrayamaupacārikārthaḥ | satyapi ghaṭikātrayasya
mukhyatve rāgataḥ prāptameva bhojanaṃ tatra niṣidhyate na vihitaṃ
naktabhojanamityāha | tanna | svalpamahākālayoḥ saṃdhyāpadavācyatvasmṛtitulyatve ekasya vācyatvamaṅgīkṛtyetaratropacārasvīkāra
ityatra vinigamanābhāvāt, rāgataḥ prāptasyaiva niṣedhābhyupagame'pi
naktavratina ekākino bhavedapyuktakāle bhojanamanyairbrāhmaṇabālavṛddhāturaiḥ saha bhojanaṃ tu pradoṣottaraghaṭikātraya eva kartumucitam | sati saṃbhave parapratyavāyasyāpi parihāryatvāt | ekādaśyādāvupavāsapratyāmnāyabhūtaṃ naktaṃ tu upavāsadina eveti

1.31.p1.11

prāgevoktam | iti naktanirṇayaḥ || ayācitasya tu ahorātrasādhyatvādupavāsavadeva nirṇayaḥ
vratādau śuklapratipatpūrvaviddhā grāhyā-pratipaccapyamāvāsyāiti yugmavākyāt | atra yadyapyaviśeṣeṇa pūrvaviddhatvamuktaṃ,
tathāpyaparāhnavyāpinyeva sā pūrvaviddhā grāhyā-pratipatsaṃmukhī
kāryā yā bhavedāparāhnikī-iti skāndavacanāt | atrāparāhnaḥ
pañcadhā vibhaktasyāhnaścaturtho bhāgaḥ | kṛṣṇapratipadaparāhrottarakālapravṛttaśuklapratipacca dvitīyāyutā grāhyā-pratipatsadvitīyā syādvitīyā pratipadyutā-ityāpastambavacanāditi madanaratne
mādhavastvaparāhnavyāptyabhāve'pi sāyāhnavyāpinyā api śuklapratipadaḥ pūrvaviddhāyā eva grāhyatāmāha-tadabhāve tu sāyāhnavyāpinī parigṛhyata iti | upavāse tu pakṣadvaye'pi pratipatpūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā-pratipatpañcamī caiva upodhyā pūrvasaṃyutā-iti madanaratne jābālivacanāt-pratipatpañcamī bhūtaṃ sāvitrī vaṭapūrṇimā
navamī daśamī caiva nopodhyāḥ parasaṃyutā-iti tatraiva brahmavaivartavacanācca | niṣiddhaśca tithyantaravedho yadyapi karmāntara ivopavāse'pi trimuhūrtaparimita eva prāptastathāpi sa upavāsaviṣaye svalpo'pi vedho varjanīyaḥ-ghaṭikārdhaṃ tribhāgaṃ vā svalpaṃ
vā dūṣayettithim | pañcagavyaghaṭaṃ pūrṇa surāyā binduko yathā
iti ṣaṭtriṃśanmatavākyasya-sarvaprakāravedho'yamupavāsasya dūṣakaḥ-iti nigamavākyānurodhenopavāsaviṣayatayā madanaratne
vyākhyānāt | niṣiddhavedharahitatithyalābhe tu ṛṣyaśṛṅgaḥaviddhāni niṣiddhaiścenna labhyante dināni tu | muhūrtaḥ pañcabhirviddhā
grāhyaivaikādaśī tithiḥ | tadardhaviddhānyanyāni dinānyupavasennaraḥ

1.31.p1.12

iti | atrokto muhūrtapañcakavedho'ruṇodayamārabhya jñeyaḥ | sārdhamuhūrtadvayavedhastu sūryodayamārabhyetyuktaṃ madanaratne | ito'dhikavedhe tu tatraivābhyadhāyi-aviddhānāmalābhe tu payo dadhi phalāni
ca | sakṛdevālpamaśnīyādupavāsastato bhavet | iti
aparāhnavyāpipratipatthityādiṣu cikīrṣitasyāpi vratasya
prārambhaḥ prātareva kāryaḥ-prātaḥ saṃkalpayedvidvānupavāsavratādikam | iti mādhavīyavacanāt | saṃkalpāṅgabhūtatithyādisaṃkīrtanakāle ca jyotiḥśāstramaryādayāmāvāsyāsattve'pi pratipatsaṃkīrtanamevocitam-yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpyetyādeśāpādyasākalyavidhāyinaḥ śāstrasya prayogaviṣayatvena saṃkalpe'pi tithyaṅgatāprāpakatvāt | smṛtito viśeṣeṇa prātaḥkālasya
saṃkalpāṅgapratītāvapi sūryodayātpūrvamuṣaḥkālaḥ praśastataraḥ
udayānantarabhāviprātaḥpadavācyatrimuhūrtāntyamuhūrtaśca niṣiddhaḥ
taittirīyabrāhmaṇe prathamakāṇḍe pañcamaprapāṭhake dvitīyānuvāketāvati kurvīta yatkārī syāditi śrutivyākhyāvasare sūryodayātprāgārambhasya satāmapi śāstroktakāladoṣāṇāmupaśāmakatvena vedabhāṣyakṛtā kathanāt-purā vācaḥ pravadito nirvapediti vidherniyamavidhiṃtvādyoṣaḥkālasyāpi prātaḥpadavācyatāyā mīmāṃsakaiḥ
svīkaraṇācca, tṛtīyānuvāke'ntyamuhūrtasyāślīlasaṃdhyantargatatvena
bhāṣyakṛtā nindākathanācca | caturthānuvākopakrame'nuvākadvayanirūpitaheyopādeyakālavibhāgasyānābhyādhītatvena sarvakarmasaṃbandhitoyāstenaiva kathanācca | vistareṇa caitacchutyabhiprāyaṃ piṇḍapitṛyajñaprakaraṇe vakṣyāmaḥ
athātraivopavāsādivratopayogiparibhāṣā | vṛddhavasiṣṭhaḥ-upavāse tathā śrāddhe na kuryāddantadhāvanam | dantānāṃ

1.31.p1.13

kāṣṭhasaṃyogo hanti saptakulāni ca | iti | tatra ca parṇādinā
dantadhāvanaṃ kuryāddvādaśagaṇḍūṣairveti hemādriḥ-alābhe vā niṣedhe
vā kāṣṭhānāṃ dantadhāvanam | parṇādinā viśuddhena jihvollekhaṃ
tathaiva ca | iti paiṭhīnasivacanāt-alābhe dantakāṣṭhānāṃ niṣiddhāyāṃ tathā tithau | apāṃ dvādaśagaṇḍūṣairvidadhyāddantadhāvanam | iti
vyāsavacanācca | saṃkalpaprakāraśca mahābhārate-gṛhītvaudumbaraṃ pātraṃ vāripūrṇamudaṅmukhaḥ | upavāsaṃ tu gṛhṇīyāt | iti | audumbaraṃ tāmramayam | abhuktvā prātarāhāraṃ snātvācamya samāhitaḥ
sūryādidevatābhyaśca nivedya vratamācaret | iti | bhaviṣye-kṣamā
satyaṃ dayā dānaṃ śaucamindriyanigrahaḥ | devapūjā ca havanaṃ
saṃtoṣaḥ steyavarjanam | sarvavrateṣvayaṃ dharmaḥ sāmānyo daśadhā

1.31.p1.14

smṛtaḥ| atra homo vyāhṛtibhiḥ| sa ca kāmyavrataviṣayaḥ| śāstrāntaraikavākyatayā tathaiva pratīteḥ | yattu sāptadaśyavākyasya mitravindādiprakaraṇasthavākyeneva tattadvataprakaraṇasthahomavidhināsyopasaṃhāra iti | tanna | sarvaśabdasya sāmānyavācitvābhāvenopasaṃhāranyāyābhāvāt | vrataśabdasya pradhānakarmābhidhāyinaḥ samabhivyāhāreṇa sāmidhenīdvārā sāptadaśyasyeva kiṃcidaṅgadvārā vratāpūrvasaṃbandhasyākalpyatvācca | viṣṇudharme-tajjāpyajapattaddhyānatatkathāśravaṇādikam | tadarcanaṃ ca tannāmakīrtanaśravaṇādayaḥ| upavāsakṛtāmete guṇāḥ proktā manīṣibhiḥ | iti | viṣṇuparahasye-smṛtyālokanagandhādisvādanaṃ parikīrtanam | anyasya varjayetsarvaṃ grāsānāṃ cābhikāṅkṣaṇam | gātrābhyaṅgaṃ śirobhyaṅgaṃ tāmbūlaṃ cānulepanam | vratastho varjayetsarvaṃ yaccānyaddalarāgakṛditi| sabhartṛkāyāstu vrate tāmbūlagrahaṇamapi na doṣāya | tathoktaṃ hemādrau gāruḍegandhālaṃkāratāmbūlapuṣpamālānulepanam | upavāse
na duṣyanti dantadhāvanamañjanam | iti | idaṃ cai sāmarthyātsabhartṛkāviṣayam | tathāca śāstrāntaram-añjanaṃ ca satāmbūlaṃ
kuṅkumaṃ raktavāsasī | dhārayetsopavāsāpi avaidhavyakaraṃ hi tat
iti | pādme-aṣṭaitānyavrataghnāni āpo mūlaṃ phalaṃ payaḥ | havirbrāhmaṇakāmyā ca gurorvacanamauṣadham | sarvabhūtābhayaṃ caivāpramādo
guruśāsanam | avrataghnāni paṭhyante sakṛdetāni śāstrataḥ | iti
guroḥ pṛthaggrahaṇaṃ kṣatriyādijātīyapitṛvākyasyāvrataghnatvasiddhyartham | gāruḍe-krodhātpramādālobhādvā vratabhaṅgo bhavedyadi | dinatrayaṃ na bhuñjīta muṇḍanaṃ śiraso'thavā | iti | ayaṃ vikalpaḥ

1.31.p1.15

puruṣāṇāṃ vidhavānāṃ ca bodhyaḥ | sadhavānāṃ dinatrayopavāsa eva
evaṃ kṛtaprāyaścittaḥ punarvrataṃ kuryāt-prāyaścittamataḥ kṛtvā punareva
vratī bhavet iti vāyupurāṇāt | aśaktasya tūpavāsasya pratinidhimāha hemādriḥ-upavāsāsāmarthyaścedekaṃ vipraṃ tu bhojayet
tāvaddhanādi vā dadyādbhuktaśceddviguṇaṃ tathā | iti | brāhmaṇabhojanaṃ
vinā kṛtabhojano'dhikārī dviguṇabrāhmaṇabhojanādi kuryādityarthaḥ
mātsye-upavāseṣvaśaktānāṃ naktabhojanamiṣyate | iti | yastustrīṇāṃ vrataniṣedhaḥ skānde-nāsti strīṇāṃ pṛthagyajño na vrataṃ
nāpyupoṣaṇam | bhartṛśuśrūṣayaivaitāḥ kāmāniṣṭānvrajanti hi | iti
niṣedhaḥ sa bharturanujñāyāmasatyāṃ bodhyaḥ | bhāryā patyurmatenaiva
vratādīnyācaretsadā | iti kātīyokteḥ | naitāvatā vidhavāyā
vratānadhikāro bodhyaḥ | pākṣikaprāptimapajīvya
pravṛttaniyamavidheḥ sadhavāṃ pratyeva pravṛtteḥ | upāṃśu
yajuṣetyasya nigadānyamantreṣu pravṛttitavat | yattu-nārī khalvananujñātā bhartrā vāpi sutena vā | viphalaṃ tu bhavettasyā yatkarotyaurdhvadehikam | iti | aurdhvadehikaṃ pāralaukikam | taddhanasādhyavrateṣvavibhaktadhanaputrānujñāyā niyamārthaṃ dṛṣṭārthatvāt , na tu bharturanujñāvatputrānujñāyā adhikārasaṃpādakatvamiti darśitam | ata
eva harivaṃśe-adhikārasaṃpādakasnānādiprāyapāṭho bharturanujñāyā
eva dṛśyate | snānaṃ kāryaṃ tu śiraṃsastataḥ phalamavāpnuyāt
snātvā strī prātarutthāya patiṃ vijñāpayetsatī | gṛhītvaudumbaraṃ
pātraṃ sakuśaṃ sākṣataṃ tathā | gośṛṅgaṃ dakṣiṇaṃ siñcetpragṛhṇīyācca

1.31.p1.16

tajjalam | tato bhartuḥ satī dadyātsnātasya prayatasya ca | ātmanaścābhiṣektavyaṃ tataḥ śirasi tajjalam | upavāseṣu kartavyametaddhi
vratakeṣu ca | atra vratapadaṃ gobalīvardanyāyenopavāsabhinnavrataparam
svīkṛtavratasya kenāpi nimittena kartumaśakyatve'nyadvārā vrataṃ
kārayediti | tathācoktaṃ madanaratne prabhāsakhaṇḍe-bharttā putraḥ purodhāśca bhrātā patnī
sakhāpi ca | yātrāyāṃ dharmakārye ca jāyante pratihastakāḥ | ebhiḥ
kṛtaṃ mahādevi svayameva kṛtaṃ bhavet | iti | pratinidhitayāpi
pravṛttānāṃ puṇyātiśayamāha kātyāyanaḥ-pitṛmātṛbhrātṛpatigurvarthe'pi viśeṣataḥ | upavāsaṃ prakurvāṇaḥ puṇyaṃ śataguṇaṃ bhavet
iti | mātāmahādīnuddiśya ekādaśyāmupoṣaṇe | kṛte te tu phalaṃ
viprāḥ samagraṃ samavāpnuyuḥ | iti | anena vacasā pratikṛitādapyupavāsātkārayiturna phalanyūnatetyuktam | atra ca svayamasvīkṛtavrato gurvādiphaloddeśenopavāsādivrataṃ kurvan svādhikārakavidhibodhitamapi phalaṃ labhata iti bodhyam
devalaḥ-asakṛjjalapānācca sakṛttāmbūlacarvaṇāt
upavāsaḥ praṇaśyeta divāsvāpācca maithunāt | maithunaṃ cāṣṭavidhamsmaraṇaṃ kīrtanaṃ keliḥ prekṣaṇaṃ guhyabhāṣaṇam | saṃkalpo'dhyavasāyaśca
kriyānirvṛttireva ca | etanmaithunamaṣṭāṅgaṃ pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ
iti | prāṇasaṃkaṭe tvasakṛjjalapānapratiprasavamāha devalaḥ-atyaye
cāmbupāne'pi nopavāsaḥ praṇaśyati | iti | devalaḥ-brahmacaryamahiṃsā ca satyamāmiṣavarjanam | vrateṣvetāni catvāri kartavyāni
hi sūribhiḥ| atrāmiṣapadārthaḥ śāstrāntarādeva boddhavyaḥ| āmiṣaṃ
datipānīyaṃ govarjaṃ kṣīramāmiṣam | masūramāmiṣaṃ sasye phale

1.31.p1.17

jambīramāmiṣam| āmiṣaṃ śuktikācūrṇamāranālaṃ tathāmiṣam
madanaratne-dānavratādiniyamā jñānaṃ dhyānaṃ hutaṃ japaḥ| yatnenāpi
kṛtaṃ sarvaṃ krodhitasya vṛthā bhavet| aśruprapāto roṣaśca kalahasya
kṛtistathā | upavāsādgatāhlāṇi sadyo bhraṃśayati striyaḥ| iti
striyamiti grahaṇaṃ tasyā adhikadoṣajñāpanāthaṃm | devīpurāṇevrate tīrthe cādhyayane śrāddhe'pi ca viśeṣataḥ| parānnabhojanāddevi
yasyānnaṃ tasya tatphalam | iti | bhārate-vedopaniṣade caiva sarvakarmasu dakṣiṇā | sarvaṛtumayoddiṣṭā bhūmirgāvo'pi dakṣiṇā
agnipurāṇe-nityasnāyī nirāhāro gurudevadvijārthakaḥ| kṣāraṃ
kṣaudraṃ ca lavaṇaṃ madhu māṃsādi varjayet | tilamudgādṛte śimbyaṃ
sasye godhūmakodravau | dhānyeṣu devadhānyaṃ ca śamīdhānyaṃ tathaikṣavam | svinnadhānyaṃ tathā peṣyaṃ mūlaṃ kṣāragaṇaḥ
smṛtaḥ| iti | svinnaṃ cirakālaṃ jalaklinnam
haviṣyāṇi
godhūmāśca vihitā api-śyāmākāścaiva nīvārā godhūmāśca
vrate hitāḥ | iti | bhaviṣye-haimantikaṃ sitāsvinnaṃ dhānyaṃ
muṃjā yavāstilāḥ| kalāyakaṅgunīvārā vāstukaṃ hilamocikā
ṣaṣṭikā kālaśākaṃ ca mūlakaṃ kemuketarat| kandaḥ saindhavasamudre
lavaṇe madhusarpiṣī | payo'nuddhṛtasāraṃ ca panasāmraharītakī
pippalī jīrakaṃ caiva nāgaraṃ ca tittiṇī| kadalīlavalīdhātrīphalānyaguḍamaikṣavam | atailapakvaṃ munayo haviṣyāṇi pracakṣate
iti | atailapakvamiti uktadravyāṇāmeva viśeṣaṇam

1.31.p1.18

pāraṇāvicāraḥ-upavāsapāraṇāyā bhojananiṣedhena sahaikasminnaṣṭamyādikāle prāptau bhojanameva kāryaṃ niṣedhasya vihitāviṣayatvāt| upavāsena sahaikasminnekādaśyādikāle upavāsāntarapāraṇāprāptau jalapārarṇaṃ kuryāt | āpo vā aśitamanaśitaṃ
ceti śruteḥ | cāndrāyaṇāntargatabhojanaprāptau bhojanameva kāryaṃ
kāmyena nityabādhāt | vastutastu rāgaprāptabhojanasyaiva niṣedhaśāstreṇa vratavidhināpi viṣeyīkaraṇāt| grāsasaṃkhyābhivṛddhihrāsaśuklakṛṣṇapakṣakālaviśiṣṭabhojanavidheścāndrāyaṇavākye svīkārācca tādṛśabhojane vratabādhaḥ | yatraikādaśyādau saṃkramaṇe ca
putravadgṛhasthasyopavāsatanniṣedhau prasaktau yatra vāṣṭamyādau divā
tithiprayukto niśi saṃkramaprayukto bhojananiṣedhaśceti saṃkaṭaprasaktistatra-upavāsaniṣedhe tu kiṃcidbhakṣyaṃ prakalpayet-iti
śāstrāvalambanena nirvāhaḥ | dvayorupavāsayorekabhaktayorvā bhinnatithisādhyayorekadinopanipāte tantreṇānuṣṭhānaṃ, pūjāhomādīnāṃ
bhinnadaivatyānāmapi sahānuṣṭhānaṃ-pākayajñānsamāsādyaikājyānekabarhiṣaḥ | ekasviṣṭakṛtaḥ kuryānnānāpi sati daivate | iti
āśvalāyanavacanāt | upavāsaikabhaktayorekadā prasaktau tu
svayamekaṃ kṛtvā putrādinā'nyatkārayet | tadasaṃbhave pūrvaviddhaśuklapratipadi kartavya upavāsaḥ paraviddhāyāmapi tasyāṃ kartavyaḥ
pratipatsaditīyā syādityādeḥ sāmānyavacanasyāsati bādhe
gauṇakālavidhāyitāyā api mādhavokteḥ | yatra tādṛśatithyasaṃbhavaḥ gauṇakālavidhāyitādṛśasāmānyapravṛttavacanābhāvo vā
tatra-upavāsāsa samarthaścedaikaṃ vipraṃ tu bhojayet-ityādiprakāreṇa
nirvāha iti | vṛddhaśātātapaḥ-upavāsaṃ dvijaḥ kṛtvā tato

1.31.p1.19

brāhmaṇabhojanam | kuryāttenāsya saguṇa upavāso'bhijāyate
iti | udyāpanānuktau nandipurāṇe-vittānusārato dadyādanuktodyāpane vrate | gauścaiva kāñcanaṃ dadyādvratasya paripūrtaye | iti
nāradīye-sarveṣāmapyalābhe tu yathoktācaraṇaṃ vinā | vipravākyaṃ
smṛtaṃ śuddhaṃ vratasya paripūrtaye | vṛddhai vipravaco yastu gṛhṇāti
manujaḥ śubham | adattvā dakṣiṇāṃ pāpaḥ sa yāti narakaṃ dhruvam
iti | atra yathāśaktidakṣiṇādānena saṃtuṣṭabrāhmaṇasya paripūrṇamastviti vacasā nyūnasyāpi karmaṇaḥ paripūrṇatvaṃ bhavatītyuktaṃ
bhavati | anayaiva diśā dvitīyādivrateṣu nakṣatravrateṣu ca paribhāṣā bodhyā | daivakarmavat pitrye karmaṇi śuklapratipadāparāhṇikī
pūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā-pratipatsaiva vijñeyā yā bhavedāparāhikī
daivaṃ karma tathā jñeyaṃ pitryaṃ ca manurabravīt | iti mādhavīye
vyāsavacanāt | yadyapi sāṃvatsarikādipitrye sāmānyanirṇayādeva siddho'yamarthaḥ tathāpi paradināpekṣayā pūrvadine nyūnāparāhnavyāpinyā api pratipadaḥ sāṃvatsarikādau kartavyatvamiti tithyantarātpratipadi viśeṣaṃ vaktumetadvākyamityāha mādhavaḥ | iti
pratipannirṇayaḥ

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