Manusmriti 12.43
Mānava Dharmaśāstra 12.43
- Language
- Sanskrit
12.43
hastinaś ca turaṅgāś ca śūdrā mlecchāś ca garhitāḥ
siṃhā vyāghrā varāhāś ca madhyamā tāmasī gatiḥ //
Elephants, horses, Sudras, and despicable barbarians, lions, tigers, and boars (are) the middling states, caused by (the quality of) Darkness.
Translations (1)
- The Laws of Manu — Georg Bühler 1886, English
Commentaries (6)
- Manubhāṣya — Medhātithi, Sanskrit
- Manvarthamuktāvalī — Kullūka Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit
- Manvarthacandrikā — Rāghavānanda Sarasvatī, Sanskrit
- Commentary of Nārāyaṇa — Nārāyaṇa, Sanskrit
- Mānavāryabhāṣya — Sanskrit
- Manvāśrayānusāriṇī — Govindarāja, Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Śūdras in Ancient India: A Social History of the Lower Order down to circa A.D. 600 — R. S. Sharma, English