Kaṭha Upaniṣad 3

Maṇiprabhā 3

Language: Sanskrit

3.1

sukṛtasya svayaṃkṛtasya vihitāvihitasya karmaṇaḥ ṛtaṃ satyamavaśyabhoktavyatayā karmaphalaṃ ṛtapadenoktam pibantau bhuñjānau jīveśau loke'smin śarīre sthitā-iti śeṣaḥ | ṛtaṃ pibantāvityatra yathā daśabhiḥ saha putraiśca bhāraṃ vahati garda-bhītyatra putrāṇāṃ bhāravahane'nvayo nāsti | yathā vā ammāipatnīvāntsajūrdevena tvaṣṭrā somaṃ piba svāhetyatrāgninā saha vartamānasya tvaṣṭuḥ somapānakartṛtve'nvayo nāsti | evaṃ karmaphalabhoktṛjīvena sahaikatra sthitasyāpīśvarasya pānakartṛtve'nvayo nāstīti bodhyam | mantrārthastu he agne tvaṃ somaṃ piba | kīdaśastvaṃ patnīvān jāyāsahitaḥ | punaḥ kīdaśastvaṃ tvaṣṭrā tvaṣṭrasaṃjñakena devena, sajūḥ saṃhitaḥ | ekakarmādhiṣṭhātṛtvenāgnistvaṣṭuḥ sāhacaryaṃ bodhyam | kīdaśau tau guhāṃ praviṣṭau parame parārdhye | parame bāhyākāśāpekṣayotkṛṣṭe parārdhye parasya brahmaṇo'rdhve sthānaṃ parārdhyaṃ tasminnutkṛṣṭe brahmasthāne hārdākāśe yā guhā buddhiḥ tāṃ praviṣṭau praviṣṭavantau sthitāviti yāvat | yadyapi buddhau praviṣṭasya brahmaṇo buddhireva sthānaṃ natu hārdākāśaṃ tathāpyāsane sthitasyāsanādhārabhūtabhūmau sthitivadbuddhau sthi-tasya brahmaṇo buddhyāśraye hārdākāśe'pi sthitatvāddhārdākāśe brahmasthānamuktam | yadvā guhāmiti saptamyarthe dvitīyā tathā ca parame utkṛṣṭe parārdhye parasya brahmaṇaḥ sthāne guhāyāṃ buddhyākhyaguhābhūte praviṣṭāvityarthaḥ | punaḥ kīdaśau chāyātapau chāyā''tapāviva mitho vilakṣaṇau bhoktṛtvābhoktṛtvādiviruddhadharmavattvena | evambhūtau tau brahmavido brahmajñāninaḥ vadanti kathayanti pañcāgnayaḥ gārhapatyo dakṣiṇāgnirāhavanīyaḥ sabhyaḥ āvasathyaścetyete pañcāgnayo gṛhasthāḥ | pañcasu dyuparjanyapṛthivīpuruṣayoṣitsu agnidṛṣṭiḥ yeṣāṃ te vā pañcāgnayo vadanti | ye ca triṇāciketāḥ trivāraṃ cito nāciketo'gniryaiste'pi vadantītyarthaḥ |
nanu ke te brahmavidaḥ pañcāgnividaśca ye evaṃ vadantītyākāṅkṣāyāṃ vayameketyāha-

3.2

yaḥ nāciketākhyo virāḍātmako'gniḥ ījānānāṃ karmiṇāṃ setuḥ duḥkhajaladheḥ santaraṇopāyaḥ | taṃ nāciketamagniṃ jñātuṃ cetuṃ ca vayaṃ śakemahi śaknuvantaḥ | kiṃ ca pāraṃ titīrṣatāṃ saṃsārābdheḥ pāraṃ mokṣākhyaṃ padaṃ prāptumicchatāṃ | brahmavidāṃ prāpyaṃ yatparaṃ brahma akṣaraṃ na kṣaratītyakṣaraṃ ṣaḍbhāvavikārarahitaṃ pratyagbhūtaṃ abhayaṃ bhayarahitaṃ tadapi vayaṃ jñātuṃ śakemahi śaknuvantaḥ | asmadādibhirviditaṃ parāparaṃ brahma jñānikarmibhyāṃ gantavyamanyairapi jñātavyamiti tātparyārthaḥ |
tatra karmaphalabhokturjīvasya saṃsāraṃ mokṣaṃ vā gacchataḥ rathino rathādivaccharīrādīni gatisādhanāni darśayati dvābhyāṃ-

3.3

ātmānaṃ tvaṃpadārthaṃ jīvaṃ rathinaṃ rathena saṃsāramokṣayorgantāraṃ rathasvāminaṃ viddhi jānīhi | śarīraṃ tu dehaṃ ca rathameva rathamiva gatisādhanaṃ viddhi | buddhiṃ adhyavasāyarūpāṃ sārathiṃ śarīrarūparathasya netāraṃ viddhi jānīhi | manaḥ saṃkalpavikalpātmakaṃ pragrahameva raśmānameva viddhīti kriyā'nukarṣaṇārthaścakāraḥ |

3.4

indriyāṇi cakṣurādibāhyakaraṇāni hayān śarīrātmakarathakarṣakānaśvān āhuruktavantaḥ śāstravida iti śeṣaḥ | teṣu teṣāmuktāśvānāṃ gocarān pracaraṇamārgasthānīyān viṣayān rūpādyātmakān āhuriti sambandhaḥ | rathasvāmitvenoktasyātmanaḥ aupādhikameva bhoktṛtvaṃ na svābhāvikamityāha-ātmeti | ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ dehendriyamanobhiḥ sahitaṃ ātmānaṃ cidābhāsākhyaṃ bhoktā sukhaduḥkhayoranubhavitā iti evaṃ manīṣiṇaḥ vivekinaḥ āhuruktavantaḥ |
vakṣyamāṇa saṃsāramokṣarūpagatidvaividhyaṃ vaktuṃ sārathidvaividhyaṃ tāvadāha dvābhyāṃ-

3.5

yastu buddhyātmakaḥ sārathireva vijñānavān manaso nigrahadvārā indriyāṇāṃ svaviṣayeṣu pravṛttinivāraṇasādhanajñānaśūnyaḥ san ayuktena agṛhītena asamāhitena vā manasā raśmanāsthānīyena saha sadā sarvadā bhavati vartate | tasya uktalakṣaṇasya buddhirūpasāratheḥ indriyāṇi cakṣurādīnyaśvasthānīyāni avaśyāni viṣayebhyo nivartayitumaśakyāni bhavanti | tatra dṛṣṭāntamāha—duṣṭāśvā iti | yathā laukikasāratheḥ duṣṭā aśikṣitā aśvāḥ kumārgānnivartayituṃ tena na śakyante tadvadityarthaḥ |

3.6

yastu yo buddhyākhyaḥ sārathireva vijñānavān manaso nigrahadvārā indriyāṇāṃ svaviṣayeṣu pravṛttinivāraṇasādhanajñānayuktaḥ san yuktena nigṛhītena manasā yuktaḥ sadā sarvadā bhavati tasya buddhisāratheḥ indriyāṇi cakṣurādīnyaśvasthānīyāni vaśyāni svādhīnāni bhavanti | tatra dṛṣṭāntamāha—sadaśvā iti | yathā laukikasāratheḥ sadaśvāḥ śikṣitā aśvā vaśavartino bhavanti tadvadityarthaḥ |
evamuktabuddhisārathidvaividhyena rathinā ātmanaḥ pratijñātaṃ gatidvaividhyamāha dvābhyām—

3.7

yastu ātmākhyo rathyeva avijñānavān vijñānarahitasārathiḥ amanaskaḥ aniruddhamanāḥ | manaso'niruddhatvādeva sadā nirantaraṃ aśuciḥ indriyāṇāṃ yatheṣṭā''caraṇayuktatvena dūṣito bhavati | sa uktaviśeṣaṇo rathī tatpadaṃ akṣarabrahmasvarūpaṃ sthānaṃ nā''pnoti na prāpnoti tena sārathineti śeṣaḥ | kintu saṃsāraṃ ca janmamaraṇarūpameva adhigacchati prāpnoti |
kiñca—

3.8

ya ātmākhyo rathī eva vijñānavān śikṣitabuddhacāryasārathiyuktaḥ samanaskaḥ nigṛhītamanassadā sarvadā śuciḥ śuddhacitto bhavati sa tu sacokoviśeṣaṇe rathī tatpadaṃ brahmarūpapadaṃ āpnoti yāti yasmādbrahmasvarūpātpadādapracyutaḥ san bhūyaḥ punaḥ na jāyate notpadyate |
tatpadamāpnotītyuktamevārthaṃ vivṛṇoti-

3.9

yo vijñānasārathiḥ vivekavatībuddhiḥ sārathiryasya sa tathā manaḥpragrahavān nigṛhītamanorūparaśanāvān | evambhūto yo naro vidvān sa puruṣaḥ adhvanaḥ pāraṃ saṃsārasamudrātparaṃ sthānaṃ āpnoti yāti saṃsārādvimukto bhavatīti yāvat | yadvā so'dhvanaḥ pāramāpnoti saṃsārāntarbhūtadevayānadakṣiṇāyanā 'dhogatirūpāyā gateḥ pāraṃ tadaprāpyaṃ yattadāpnotītyarthaḥ | tatsaṃsārarahitasthānaṃ viṣṇorvyāpanaśīlasya viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ padaṃ svarūpamityarthaḥ |
tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padamityuktasya padasya sarvotkṛṣṭatvaṃ vaktuṃ sāpekṣakotkṛṣṭatvapramparāṃ tāvadāha-

3.10

indriyebhyaḥ śrotrādipañcajñānendriyebhyaḥ parā utkṛṣṭā hi prasiddhā arthāḥ śabdādiviṣayāḥ indriyāṇāmarthādhīnapravṛttimattvāt | ca punaḥ arthebhyaḥ śabdādiviṣayebhyaḥ paraṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ sūkṣmaṃ manaḥ saṃkalpavikalpātmakaṃ manasorthagrāhakatvāt | tu punaḥ manasaḥ saṃkalpādirūpāt parā utkṛṣṭā buddhirniścayalakṣaṇā | manovyāpārasya buddhyadhīnatvāt | buddherasmadādinyaṣṭibuddheḥ mahānātmā samaṣṭibuddhirūpaḥ paraḥ utkṛṣṭaḥ |

3.11

mahataḥ samaṣṭibuddheḥ paraṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ avyaktaṃ sarvajagato bījaṃ māyākhyamavyākṛtaṃ avyaktāt utkṛṣṭaviśeṣaṇāt puruṣaḥ pūrṇaḥ sakalajaḍavargaprakāśakaḥ ātmā paraḥ
utkṛṣṭaḥ | tasmādapyanyaḥ kaścitparaḥ syādityata āha-puruṣāditi | puruṣātsarvatra pūrṇādātmanaḥ paraṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ kiñcit kimapi vastvantaraṃ nāsti | evaṃ kasmādityataāha-iti | yasmāt sā utkasvarūpātmā kāṣṭhā utkaparatvānāṃ viśrāntibhūmiḥ sā parā gatiḥ so'dhvanaḥ pāramāmoti tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padamiti śrutiprasiddhā parā utkṛṣṭā gatiḥ gantavyaphalasvarūpā ityarthaḥ |
evaṃ sarvakāryarthavargādhiṣṭhānatvenoktasyātmano bhānābhānayorhetumāha-

3.12

eṣa indriyādikāryavargātparatvenoktaḥ ātmā pratyakcaitanyarūpaḥ sarveṣu brahmādistambānteṣu bhūteṣu prāṇiṣu sthito'pi gūḍhaḥ avidyayā ācchāditaḥ san na prakāśate sarvasmātpara ānandarūpo'hamiti vyavahārayogyo na bhavatītyarthaḥ | nanu tamkratuḥ paśyati vītaśoka iti pūrvoktādviruddhaṃ na prakāśate iti kathamucyate ityāśaṃkya cittaśuddhacaśuddhibhyāmadhikāribhedānna virodha ityāha-dṛśyatetviti| tu śabdaḥ | evārthakaḥ | sūkṣmadarśībhiḥ indriyebhyaḥ parā hyarthā ityādi prakāreṇottarottarasūkṣmatvavicāreṇa sūkṣmātmatattvaṃ draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ taiḥ paṇḍitaiḥ agryayā mukhyayā gurūpadiṣṭamahāvākyajanyayā sūkṣmayā sūkṣmapadārthagrahaṇasamarthayā buddhyā niścayātmikayaiva eṣaḥ ātmā dṛśyate pratyagrūpeṇa sākṣātkriyata ityarthaḥ |
buddhyaikāgryaṃ vinā sūkṣmatattvasya bhānāsaṃbhavāttadekāgryaprakāramāha-

3.13

prājñaḥ ātmā jijñāsuḥ puruṣaḥ vāk vāgādisarvendriyagaṇaṃ manasi sarvendriyāniyāmake saṃkalpavikalpaparūpe yacchet nirundhyāt manovyāpārātiriktendriyavyāpārābhāvaṃ kuryāditi yāvat | tat manaḥ jñāna ātmani niścalarūpāyāṃ vyaṣṭibuddhau yacchet nirundhyāt | vyaṣṭibuddhivyāpārātiriktamanovyāpārābhāvaṃ kuryāt | jñānaṃ vyaṣṭibuddhitattvaṃ ātmani mahati vyaṣṭibuddhīnāmātmabhūte mahattattve samaṣṭibuddhirūpe niyacchet vilāpayet | samaṣṭibuddhivyatiriktavyaṣṭibuddhīnīstīti cintayet | tat samaṣṭibuddhitattvaṃ śānte nirvikāre ātmani pratyagātmani sarvakaraṇavyāpārasākṣiṇi yacchet vilāpayet ātmātiriktasamaṣṭibuddhyacabhāvaṃ cintayedityarthaḥ |
evaṃ yogābhyāsena cittasyaikāgratāṃ sampādya yatrātmani samāhitaṃ stasyātmano jñāne prayatitavyamiti mātṛvaddhitaiṣiṇī śrutirāha--

3.14

he adhikāriṇo janā yūyaṃ uttiṣṭhata jñānāya prayatadhvaṃ jāgrata ajñānarūpanidrāṃ tyajata varān brahmavida ācāryān prāpya teṣāṃ samīpaṃ gatvā nibodhata | tairupadiṣṭamātmatattvaṃ vijānīta | naccasamāhitacittaistadvagantuṃ śakyaṃ atisūkṣmātmajñānasya duḥsampādyatvāditi saddṛṣṭāntaṃ śrutirāha--kṣurasyeti | kṣurasya nāpitaśastraviśeṣasya dhārā agrabhāgo niśitā śāṇasaṃgharṣaṇena tīkṣṇīkṛtā yathā duratyayā padbhyāṃ gantumaśakyā | tathā tatpathaḥ paṃthānaṃ ātmajñānalakṣaṇaṃ mārge durge duḥkhena sampādyaṃ kavayaḥ paṃḍitāḥ vadanti kathayantītyarthaḥ |
nanvātmavastunaḥ sujñeyatve kathaṃ tajjñānamārgasya durgamatvamityāśaṃkya śabdādiguṇahīnatvenātmano'tisūkṣmatvānnāsti sujñeyatvamityāha--

3.15

taṃ brahmātmānaṃ nicāyya jñātvā mṛtyumukhāt janmaraṇalakṣaṇātsaṃsārāt pramucyate mukto bhavatīti sambandhaḥ | kīdṛśaṃ tamityākāṃkṣāyāṃ tasya viśeṣaṇadaśakamāha--aśabdamityādi | yat brahmātmasvarūpaṃ aśabdaṃ śabdaguṇahīnaṃ asparśaṃ sparśaguṇarahitaṃ | evamarūpamityādiviśeṣaṇatrayamapivyākhyeyam | aśabdādimastvādvyayaṃ apakṣayarahitamityarthaḥ | ayamatra prayogaḥ | brahmāvyayaṃ | aśabdādimattvāt | yannaivaṃ tannaivaṃ yathā pṛthivyādi | avyayatvādeva nityaṃ nāśarahitaṃ | nityatve hetvantaramāha--anādyanantaṃ na vidyate ādikāraṇaṃ yasya so'nādiḥ | na vidyate'ntaḥ kāryaṃ yasya so'nantaḥ | anādiścāsāvanantaścānādyanantastamanādyanantam | kāraṇakāryarahitamityarthaḥ | mahataḥ buddhyākhyānmahattattvātparaṃ vilakṣaṇaṃ dhruvaṃ akṣiyam | evambhūtaṃ brahmātmānaṃ nicāyyetyarthaḥ |
uktajñānamevaśrutiḥ stauti—

3.16

nāciketaṃ naciketasā labdhaṃ mṛtyuproktaṃ mṛtyunā yamenopadiṣṭaṃ nāciketamupākhyānaṃ trivarṇātmakaṃ guruśiṣyasaṃvādarūpaṃ sanātanaṃ cirakālīnaṃ uktvā brāhmaṇāditrivarṇebhyaḥ śrāvayitvā ca punaḥ śrutvā ācāryebhyaḥ śravaṇaṃ kṛtvā medhāvī vivekī puruṣaḥ brahmaloke mahīyate hiraṇyagarbhavatpūjyo bhavati | asyopākhyānasya śravaṇakīrtanābhyāmapyarcirādimārgeṇa brahmalokasya prāptirbhavatīti bhāvaḥ |
prathamādhyāyamupasaṃharati—

3.17

iti tṛtīyā vallī |
yaḥ kaścitpuruṣaḥ prayataḥ śucirbhūtvā imaṃ graṃthaṃ paramaṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ guhyaṃ gopanīyaṃ brāhmaṇasabhāyāṃ śrāvayet pāṭhato'rthataśca śravaṇaṃ kārayet vā athavā śrāddhakāle śrāddhānaṃ bhuñjānān śrāvayet | tasya puruṣasya tat śrāddhaṃ ānantyāya kalpate anantaphalayogo bhavati | dviruktiradhyāyasamāptyarthā |
iti kāṭhakopaniṣaṭṭīkāyāmupaniṣanmaṇiprabhāyāṃ prathamādhyāye tṛtīyā vallī samāptā |
evaṃ pūrvādhyāye saṃkṣepeṇoktasya brahmaṇo rūpaṃ vistareṇa vaktumayamadhyāya ārabhyate| tatra gūḍho''tmā na prakāśate ityenenoktādanādyavidyārūpādātmano'jñānakāraṇāttyadāgantukaṃ vidyāyāḥ pratibandhakaṃ pariharāya vaktavyamitīndriyāṇāṃ parākpravaṇatvamātmadarśanapratibandhakamāha—

Linked texts (1)

Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit