Maṇiprabhā

Commentary on Kaṭha Upaniṣad (Kaṭhopaniṣad)

Language: Sanskrit
Author: Amaradāsa
Extent: 116 passages, 6,291 words
Text: partly digitised
Source: archiveorg · Ekadasopanishadah With Maniprabha Tika Of Swami Amaradasa Udasina 1910 ( NSP); ed. Mahādeva Śarmā; Nirnaya… · Scan of a printed edition hosted by the Internet Archive (archive.org); the ancient text is in the public…

1 — 27 parts
2 — 25 parts
3 — 17 parts
4 — 15 parts
5 — 10 parts
6 atha ṣaṣṭhī vallī — 19 parts
7 — 3 parts

Text

1.1

vaśa kāntāvitiyasya śatrantaṃ rūpaṃ uśan ha vai iti nipātau vṛttārthasmaraṇārthau vājaśravasaḥ vājamannaṃ taddānanimittaṃ śravā yaśā yasya sa vājaśravāḥ tasyāpatyaṃ vājaśravasaḥ uddālakanāmā uśan katuphalamicchanviśvajitā yāgeneje iti śeṣaḥ| sa ca tasmin kratau sarvavedasaṃ| sarvasvaṃ dhanaṃ atidāle svaputre snehavaśāt śobhanā gāḥ putradhanatvena kalpayitvā| vṛddhā gāḥ svadhanatvena matvā vṛddhagolakṣaṇaṃ svadhanaṃ kṛtvā dakṣiṇārūpaṃ dadau dattavānityarthaḥ| tasya vājaśravasasya ha prasiddhaḥ naciketā nāma putraḥ naciketaḥsaṃjñakaḥ putra āsa babhūva| taṃ naciketasaṃ kumāraṃ pāśvavārṣekaṃ santaṃ dhīmantaṃ śraddhā vedoktayajñaivaiguṇyenāniṣṭapāpibodhakavākyeṣu yathārthatvabuddhiḥ āviveśa pituraniṣṭanivṛttyarthaṃ hṛdi jātā| kasminkāle ityākāṃkṣāyāmāha—dakṣiṇāsu dine| dakṣiṇāsu dakṣiṇārthāsu goṣu nīyamānāsu ṛtvigbhyaḥ pravibhāgena dīyamānāsu godānavibhāgastvevaṃ bodhyaḥ hotṛdhvaryubrahmodgātāra iti catvāro mukhyārtvijo'ṣṭacatvāriṃśadbhobhājo bhavanti praśāstṛpratiprasthātṛbrāhmaṇācchaṃsiprastotāra iti catvāra ṛtvijo mukhyārtviggṛhītadakṣiṇāyā ardhagrāhiṇo bhavanti| acchāvākeṣṭhā॰sāgnīdhrapratihartāra iti catvāra ṛtvijā mukhyārtviggṛhītadakṣiṇāyāḥ tṛtīyāṃśaṃ labhante| prāvastuttetṛpotṛsubrahmaṇyā iti catvāra ṛtvijo mukhyārtviggṛhītadakṣiṇāyāḥ caturthāṃśaṃ labhante iti |

1.2

saḥ naciketāḥ amanyata vicāritavān| kathamityata āha—pītodakā ityādinā pītamudakaṃ prāgeva nādhunā pātuṃ śakyaṃ yābhistāḥ pītodakāḥ jagdha bhakṣitaṃ tṛṇaṃ prāgeva nādhunā bhakṣituṃ śakyaṃ yābhistā jagdhatṛṇāḥ| dugdhadohāḥ prāgeva dugdho dohaḥ payo yāsāṃ tāstathā nirindriyāḥ garbhadhāraṇaśaktiśūnyāḥ atijīrṇā ityarthaḥ| anandā nāma asukhasaṃjñakāḥ te lokāḥ ye lokāḥ yaḥ puruṣaḥ tāḥ pītodakādiviśeṣaṇā gāḥ dadat dakṣiṇābuddhyā prayacchan saḥ yajamānaḥ tān amukhasaṃjñakān lokān gacchati yātīti yojanā |
evaṃ ṛtuvaiguṇyanimittakaṃ pituraniṣṭaphalamālocya mayā puṃtreṇātmadānenāpi pituḥ ṛtuvaiguṇyaṃ vāraṇīyamiti matvāha-

1.3

sa nāciketāḥ ha kila pitaraṃ uddālakaṃ uvāca uktavān| tadeva darśayatitateti| tata hetāta kasmai ṛtvije māṃ dāsyasi dakṣiṇārtha prayacchasi iti evaṃ dvitīyaṃ tṛtīyaṃ dvistrivāramuvāca putrasyābhiprāyamajñātvā kuddhaḥ san pitā taṃ putraṃ ha kilovāca| pitṛvacanamabhinayati-mṛtyave iti| mṛtyave yamāya tvā tvāṃ dadāmīti |
evaṃ pitṛvacanaṃ śrutvā naciketā rahasi cintayāmāsetyāha-

1.4

bahūnāṃ śiṣyāṇāṃ putrāṇāṃ vā madhye prathamo mukhyaḥ sannemi ājñāṃ vinā guruśuśrūṣaṇe pravṛttirūpayā mukhyayā vṛttyā saṃpanno'smi bahūnāṃ śiṣyādīnāṃ madhye emi madhyamaḥ ājñāvaśena guruparicaryārūpayā madhyamayā vṛttyā saṃpanno'smi natvadhamayā gurvājñāparipālanarūpayaimi| ato guṇavataḥ putrasya mama tyāgo' yukta iti bhāvaḥ| kiñca madgamanena yamasyāpi kaścidupakāro nāstītyāhakiṃsviditi| vitarke kiṃ tadiṣṭaṃ pitrā kartavyamasti yatpitā mayā dattenādyādhunā kariṣyati| na kimapi| ato guṇavantaṃ māṃ vṛthā tyajatītyarthaḥ |
guṇavānputro vṛthā krodhavaśānmayā datta iti śokayuktaṃ pitaramālakṣya pituraniṣṭajanakaṃ mṛṣāvacanaṃ mābhūditi hitakāmanayā naciketā āha-

1.6

he tāta yathā yena prakāreṇa pūrve tava pitṛpitāmahādayo vṛttāḥ| yathā cāpare sādhavaḥ śibidaśarathādayo vṛttāḥ tathā tāṃśca pratyanupaśya tvamavalokaya|
teṣāṃ mithyāyajanavarjanarūpaṃ vratamāsthātumarhasītyarthaḥ | nahi mṛṣā kṛtvā kāścidjaro'maro vā bhavati | yena mṛṣā kriyā saphalā syādityāha- satyamiti | satyamiva vrīhiyavādivat martyo maraṇadharmaprāṇinikāyaḥ pacyate | kālarūpa-sūryeṇa vināśonmukhīkriyate jīrṇo mriyate iti yāvat | mṛtvā ca satyamiva punarjāyate prādurbhavati | evaṃ janmamaraṇasyāvaśyaṃbhāvitvānmāṃ yamāya dattvā svavacanaṃ satyaṃ kurviti bhāvaḥ |
5 ||
evamuktena pitrā preṣito naciketāḥ pitṛbhaktyādiprabhāvātsaśarīro yamālayaṃ gatvā yamañca deśāntaragataṃ śrutvā pitṛdattaṃ māṃ yamo gṛhṇīyādityetannimittaṃ dinatrayaṃ tatropavāsaṃ kṛtavān | tato deśāntarādāgataṃ yamaṃ tadīyā mantriṇaūcurityāha-
vivasvataḥ sūryasyāpatyaṃ vaivasvataḥ he vaivasvata yama | atithirbrāhmaṇo vaiśvānaro'gniḥ san gṛhānpraviśati tasyātitheretāṃ pādyāsanādirūpāṃ śāntiṃ kurvanti śiṣṭajanāḥ atastvamapi naciketase pādaprakṣālanārthamudakaṃ jalaṃ hara āhara ānayetyarthaḥ |
yathā śāntimanoto'gniḥ saparikaraṃ gṛhaṃ dahatyevamanarcito'tithiḥ sarvaṃ dahatītyāha-

1.7

apratyakṣeṣṭārthamyecchā āśā niścitasukhecchā pratīkṣā | te āśāpratīkṣe saṃgataṃ devatādhyānajaphalam | sūnṛtāṃ priyavāṇī tajjanma phalam | iṣṭāpūrte iṣṭamagniṣṭomādiyāgaḥ | pūrtaṃ vāpīkūpataḍāgādernirmāṇaṃ tayoḥ phalam | putrapaśūṃśca putrān aurasān paśūn sallakṣaṇān etat āśādirūpaṃ sarvān sarvaṃ vṛṅkte nāśayati atithirbrāhmaṇaḥ yasyālapamedhasaḥ tucchabuddheḥ puruṣasya gṛhe'naśnan abhuñjāno vasati tasmātsarvadā'tithiḥ pūjanīya iti bhāvaḥ |
svamantribhireva mukto yamo naciketasamāha-

1.8

he brahman yat yasmāt atithirnamasyaḥ | namaskārārho'tithistvaṃ anaśnan abhuñjānaḥ san me mama gṛhe tisro rātrīravātsīruṣitavānasi tasmāttaddoṣaśāntyarthaṃ prati trīn rātripratirūpān rātrisamasaṃkhyān trīn varānsvābhilaṣitapadārthān vṛṇīṣva mattaḥ prārthayasva | kiṃ ca he brahman te tubhyaṃ namo'stu me mama svasti bhadramastu iti |

1.9

he mṛtyo gautamo mama pitā mā abhi māṃprati śāntasaṅkalpaḥ śānto nivṛttaḥ saṅkalpo yamaṃ prāpya mama putrasya kīdṛśī daśā bhāviṣyatītyevaṃrūpā cintā yasya saḥ sumanāḥ prasannamanāśca yathā yena prakāreṇa syād vītamanyuḥ | kasmai mā dāsyasīti dvistrivāroktijanyakrodharahitaśca yathā syāt | kiñca tvatprasṛṣṭaṃ gṛhaṃ prati preṣitaṃ māṃ abhi māṃprati pratītaḥ sa eva mama putra āgata iti jñātaḥ san vadet pūrvavatsambhāṣeta | natu preto'yaṃ yamālayādāgata iti matvopekṣeta trayāṇāṃ trisaṃkhyākavarāṇāṃ madhye etat pitṛprasādarūpaṃ prathamaṃ varaṃ vṛṇe prārthaye |

1.10

auddālakiḥ uddālaka evauddālakiḥ svārthe'tra ñpratyayaḥ | aruṇasyāpatyamāruṇiḥ | tava pitā matprasṛṣṭaḥ mayā'nujñātaḥ | yathāpurastāt yathāpūrvaṃ tvayi snehayukta āmīttathā bhāvitā bhaviṣyate | pratītaḥ ayaṃ matputra āgata iti
viśvāsavān bhavitā bhaviṣyati rātrīḥ rātriṣu sukhaṃ yathāsyāttathā śayitā sukhaviśiṣṭā...nbhaviṣyatītyarthaḥ | mṛtyumukhāt mattaḥ sakāśāt pramuktaṃ nirgataṃ tvā tvāṃ dadśivān dṛṣṭavānsan vītamanyurvigatakrodhaśca bhavitā bhaviṣyatīti yojanā |
svargasādhanamagniṃ praṣṭukāmo naciketāḥ svargasvarūpaṃ tāvadāha-

1.11

svargapadenātra svarlokādibrahmalokāntalokasamudāyo vivakṣitaḥ | tatra svarge loke gatasyādhikāriṇaḥ kiñcana kiṃcit bhayaṃ rogādijanyaṃ nāsti na vidyate tatra svarge tvaṃ mṛtyunā sahasā prabhavasīti śeṣaḥ ato jarayā jarāvasthayā yuktaḥ puruṣastvatto na bibheti bhayaṃ na prāpnoti aśanāyāpipāse kṣudhātṛṣe ubhe tīrtvā atikramya śokātigaḥ mānasaduḥkharahitaḥ san svargaloke modate ānandaṃ prāpnotītyarthaḥ |
evaṃguṇavataḥ svargasya sādhanamagniṃ ca jānāsi taṃ māṃ prati kathayetyāha-

1.12

svargyaṃ svargaprāptisādhanabhūtamagniṃ saḥ sarvalokaprasiddho mṛtyuḥ tvaṃ adhyeṣi jānāsi he mṛtyo tamagniṃ śraddhānāya śraddhāvate mahyaṃ prabrūhi prakarṣeṇetikartavyatāgnervaiśiṣṭyarūpeṇa kathaya yena citenāgninā svargalokāḥ svargo loko yeṣāṃ te svargalokāḥ karmiṇaḥ amṛtatvaṃ amaratvaṃ bhajante prāpnuvanti etat agnijñānaṃ dvitīyena vareṇa vṛṇe prārthaye |
evaṃ naciketasokto yama āha-

1.13

he naciketaḥ svargyamagniṃ svargasya sādhanabhūtamagniṃ prajānan vijñātavān sanm̐ u śabdaḥ yacchabdārthakaḥ yattvayā prārthitaṃ tat tamagniṃ te tubhyaṃ bravīmi prakarṣeṇa bravāmi | tattvaṃ me mama vacanāt nibodha ekāgramanāḥ sannavadhāraya | tamagniṃ stauti anantaiti anantalokāptiṃ svargalokaprāptisādhanaṃ atho api pratiḥ virāḍrūpeṇa jagadāśrayabhūtamapi etamagnimayocyamānaṃ guhāyāṃ vidupāṃ buddhau nihitaṃ sthitaṃ | tvaṃ viddhi jānīhi |
evamagniṃ stutvā mṛtyuḥ svaśiṣyāyovāceti śrutirāha—

1.14

taṃ prakṛtamagniṃ lokānāṃ pṛthivyādīnāṃ ādiṃ prathamaśarīriṇaṃ virāṭsvarūpaṃ tasmai naciketase mṛtyuragnima uvācoktavān kiñca yā iṣṭakāḥ cetavyā iṣṭakā yādṛśarūpāḥ yāvatīḥ yatsaṃkhyākāḥ yathā vā yena prakāreṇāgniḥ cīyate nyasyate tatsarvamuktavānityarthaḥ | sa ca naciketā api yathoktaṃ yathā mṛtyunoktaṃ tatpratyavadat svasya grahaṇaśaktimāvedayitumanyavadat | athānuvādānantaraṃ asya naciketaso'nuvādena tuṣṭaḥ prasannaḥ san mṛtyurayācitaṃ varaṃ dātukāmaḥ punarevāha naciketasaṃ pratyuktavānityarthaḥ |
tadeva śrutirabhinayati—

1.15

prīyamāṇaḥ śiṣyasyālaukikīṃ prajñāṃ dṛṣṭvā prasannacittaḥ san mahātmā udāracitto mṛtyuḥ taṃ naciketasaṃ abravīt uktavān kimuktavānityata āha—varamiti | tava tubhyaṃ iha mama prītinimittaṃ varaṃ uktavaratryādhikaṃ bhūyaḥ punaḥ adyādhunā dadāmi prayacchāmi | prātijñātavaramāha tavaiva naciketaso nāmnābhidhānenaiva ayaṃ mayokto'gniḥ bhavitā bhaviṣyati | naitāvanmātraṃ varamanyadapīti naciketasaṃ pralobhayannāha—mṛṃkāṃ śabdavatīṃ ratnamālāṃ imāṃ mayā dīyamānāṃ anekarūpāṃ nīlapītādinānāvarṇavatī gṛhāṇa svīkurvivatyarthaḥ |
dhyānacayanayoḥ stutyarthaṃ punaḥ phalamāha—

1.16

trivāraṃ citaḥ cayanena sampādito nāciketo'gniryena saḥ triṇāciketaḥ| tadvijñānavān vā tribhiḥ mātṛpitṛācāryaiḥ saha vedasmṛtiśiṣṭairvā pratyakṣānumānāgamairdharmapramāṇaiḥ| sandhiṃ śiṣyaśikṣakabhāvasambandhaṃ etya prāpya trikarmakṛt ijyādhyayanadānānāṃ kartā san janmamṛtyū janmamaraṇe tarati atikrāmati| kiñca brahmajajñaṃ brahmaṇo hiraṇyagarbhājāyate iti brahmajaḥ sarvaṃ jānātīti jñaḥ| brahmajaścāsau jñaśca brahmajajñastaṃ virāḍātmakamagniṃ devaṃ prakāśarūpaṃ īḍyaṃ sarvaiḥ stutyaṃ viditvā jñātvā nicāyya ātmabhāvena dhyātvā imāṃ yamabuddhipratyakṣāṃ śāntiṃ vairājaṃ padaṃ atyantaṃ niyamena eti utkarmopāsanābhyāṃ prāpnotītyarthaḥ |
śāntividhividityarthayoḥ phalamupasaṃharati—

1.17

etatpūrvoktaṃ trayaṃ cetavyānāmiṣṭakānāṃ svarūpasaṃkhyācayanaprakāralakṣaṇaṃ viditvā vijñāya triṇāciketaḥ trivāraṃ sampāditāgniḥ yaḥ ko'pi puruṣa evaṃ vidvān ātmabhāvena virāḍrūpamagniṃ jānan san nāciketaṃ cinute nāciketasaṃjñakāgnidhyānaṃ karoti sa mṛtyupāśān adharmājñānarāgādirūpān purataḥ śarīrapātāgre praṇodya tyaktvā śokātigo mānasaduḥkharahitaḥ modate svargaloke vairājaṃ padaṃ prāptaḥ san ityarthaḥ |
dvitīyavaraprakaraṇamupasaṃharati—

1.18

he naciketo yamagnivaraṃ dvitīyena vareṇa avṛṇīthāḥ tvaṃ prārthitavānasi sa eṣaḥ agniḥ svargyaḥ svargaprāptisādhanam te tubhyaṃ mayeti iti śeṣaḥ | kiñca etaṃ [...] tavaiva tava nāmnaiva janāsaḥ janāḥ pravakṣyanti kathayiṣyantīti pratijñātavaratrayādadhiko varaḥ tuṣṭena mayā datta iti nvayaḥ | he naciketaḥ tṛtīyaṃ dattavaradvayādanyaṃ varaṃ svābhilaṣitaṃ vṛṇīṣva yācasvetyarthaḥ |
labdhavaradvayasya saṃsārarūpatvāttasyānityatvaṃ sañcintya tato virakto mumukṣuḥ san naciketā ātmayāthātmyajñānaṃ tṛtīyavaraṃ yācate—

1.19

manuṣye prāṇini prete mṛte sati yeyaṃ vicikitsā yo 'sau saṃśayaḥ| saṃśayasvarūpamāha-astīti| ayamātmā dehādisaṃghātāvyatirikto dehāntaraṃ sambandhyāsti iti evaṃ eke vedavido vadanti eke ca nāstikāḥ ayamātmā dehādisaṃghātāvyatirikto dehāntara sambaṃdhyasti iti evaṃ eke vedavido vadanti eke ca nāstikāḥ ayamātmā dehādisaṃghātāvyatirikto nāsti iti evaṃ vadanti| tvayā guruṇānuśiṣṭaḥ pañcāpito'haṃ-etat| sandigdhamātmatatvaṃ yathā vidyāṃ vijānīyāṃ tathā tvaṃ brūhi iti yojanā varāṇāṃ madhye eṣaḥ ātmajñānarūpaḥ tṛtīyo varo dīyatāmityarthaḥ |
naciketasa ātmajñānayogyatāṃ parīkṣituṃ mṛtyurāha—

1.20

he naciketaḥ devairapi devānāmapi purā pūrvamatrātmatatve vicikitsitaṃ saṃśayo'sti śamādiśālinopi devā ātmani sandihya niścayaṃ nagatāḥ kutaḥ punarmanuṣyāṇāṃ nirṇayāśeti bhāvaḥ| tatra hetumāha-nahīti| hi yasmādātmatatvaṃ na suvijñeyaṃ sukhena jñātuṃ yogyaṃ nāsti| durvijñeyatve hetumāha-aṇuriti| yasmādeṣa dharmaḥ sarvādhiṣṭhānabhūta ātmāṇuḥ sūkṣmaḥ| ato anyaṃ varaṃ ātmajñānātiriktaṃ varaṃ vṛṇīṣva yācasva māmāparotsīḥ ātmajñānarūpavaradāne mā māṃ uparodhaṃ nirbandhaṃ mā kārṣīḥ enaṃ ātmajñānātmakaṃ varaṃ mā māṃprati atisṛja vimuñcetyarthaḥ |

1.21

atrātmatattve devairapi devānāmapi vicikitsitaṃ saṃśayaḥ kileti bhavatī evāsmābhiḥ śrutaṃ he mṛtyo | yama tvaṃ ca tvamapi yat yasmādātmatattvaṃ na suvijñeyaṃ anāyāsena jñātumaśakyaṃ āttha kathayasi | asyātmatattvasya vaktā ca upadeṣṭā tvādṛg tvatsadṛśo 'nyaḥ tvatto bhinno na labhyaḥ na prāpṇīyaḥ etasya varasya tulyaḥ sadṛśo 'nyaḥ kaścidvaro nāsti | brahmātiriktasya sarvasyānityatvādityabhiprāyaḥ |
evaṃ naciketasokto yamastasya vairāgyaparīkṣaṇāya nānāvidhavaraistaṃ pralobhayannāha-

1.22

śatavarṣajīvinaḥ putrapautrān putrān pautrāṃśca vṛṇīṣva yācasva | evamagre'pi kriyā saṃbandhanīyā | tathā bahūn paśūn gavādilakṣaṇān | tathā hastihiraṇyaṃ hastinaḥ gajān hiraṇyaṃ kāñcanaṃ tathā aśvān sūryāśvasamānān hayān | bhūmeḥ pṛthivyāḥ mahadāyatanaṃ vistṛtamaṇḍalaṃ sāmrājyaṃ vṛṇīṣvetyarthaḥ | nanvalpāyuṣaḥ puruṣasya sarvametadanarthakamityāśaṅkyāha-svayaṃ ceti | svayaṃ ca tvaṃ yāvaccharadaḥ yāvadvarṣāṇi jīvitumicchasi tāvadvarṣāṇi jīva prāṇān dhārayeti yojanā |
kiñca-

1.23

etena mayoktena tṛtīyavareṇa sadṛśamanyamapi varaṃ yadi manyase jānāsi tamapi vṛṇīṣva | ekaikaṃ putradhanādīnāṃ varatvenopanyasya samuccitamadhunāha-vittamiti | vittaṃ ratnādirūpaṃ cirajīvikāṃ cirakālārthāṃ vṛṇīṣvetyarthaḥ | kiṃ bahūnoktena he naciketaḥ mahābhūmau mahatyāṃ pṛthivyāṃ tvaṃ rājā ehi bhava | kāmānāṃ kāmabhājāṃ madhye yo yastava kāmaḥ ... asti taṃ tvā tvāṃ karomītyarthaḥ |
kiñca-

1.24

prārthanīyapadārthāḥ martyaloke pṛthivyāṃ durlabhāḥ labdhumaśakyāḥ santi | tān sarvān kāmān padārthān chandataḥ svecchayā prārthayasva yācasva | kiñca imāstava purato vartamānā rāmāḥ ramaṇaśīlāḥ svargastriyaḥ sarathāḥ rathasahitāḥ satūryāḥ tūryeṇa vādyaviśeṣeṇa sahitāḥ hi yasmāt īdṛśā utkaviśeṣeṇā rāmā manuṣyaiḥ pṛthivyāṃ sthitaiḥ puruṣaiḥ na hi lambhanīyāḥ na hi pāpanīyāḥ | atastvaṃ matprattābhirmayā dattābhī rāmābhiḥ paricārayasva svapādasaṃmardanādiśuśrūṣāṃ kārayetyarthaḥ | he naciketaḥ maraṇaṃ mānuprākṣīḥ maraṇasambaddhaṃ veyaṃ mete ityādinā kākadantaparīkṣāsadaśamuktaṃ praśnaṃ mākārṣīḥ |
evaṃ yamenoktānāṃ bhogyānāṃ naśvaratvamindriyatejojarayitṛtvaṃ ca doṣaṃ naciketā
āha-

1.25

he antaka he mṛtyo śvobhāvāḥ | śvaḥ āgāmidine bhaviṣyanti naveti saṃdigdho bhāvaḥ sattā yeṣāṃ te tathā | yadvā śvo'bhāvo yeṣāṃ te tathā | evambhūtāḥ tvaduktā rāmādayo bhogyāḥ martyasya maraṇadharmapuruṣasya sarvendriyāṇāṃ yadetattejastajjarayanti apakṣayanti tatra rāmāḥ svasaṃbaddhasya puruṣasya tejaḥ cirasthitihetubhūtaṃ retolakṣaṇaṃ āramapaharanti | evamanyeṣāmapi putrādibhāvānāmiṣṭāniṣṭaprāsiparihāraviyogādinā manasi kṣobhe jāte sati sarvendriyāṇāṃ tejo balaṃ jīryate itiprasiddhaṃ teṣāṃ tejohārakatvaṃ | evaṃ tejodharmayaśaḥprajñādīnāṃ kṣapayitṛtvādanartharūpā eva rāmādayo
bhāvaḥ iti bhāvaḥ | api sarvajīvitaṃ manuṣyāṇām parimitakālaparyantaprāṇadhāraṇam api alpaṃ tucchaṃ brahmaṇopyāyuṣaḥ tucchatvāt ato vāhā rathādayaḥ tavaiva santu lavā nṛtyagīte nartanaṃ gānaṃ ca tavaivāstitvatyarthaḥ |
kiṃca—

1.26

vittena bhogyapadārthajātena manuṣyaiḥ kopi puruṣo na tarpaṇīyaḥ tṛptiṃ namāpaṇīyaḥ | vittādilābhasya tu bhavaddarśanādeva siddhatvānna sa prārthanīya ityāha-lapsyāmahe iti | cet yataḥ tvā tvāṃ adrākṣma netrairvayaṃ dṛṣṭavanto'to vittaṃ lapsyāmahe prāpsyāmaḥ cirajīvinamapi bhavadīyaśiṣyatvena labdhvā- rthanīyamityāha-jīviṣyāma iti | hi yasmādyāvatkālaṃ tvaṃ īśiṣyasi hi- ṣye'nukaṃpayā prāṇināṃ śāstā bhaviṣyasi tāvatkālaṃ vayaṃ jīviṣyāmaḥ jī- vanaṃ prāpsyāmaḥ sarvamārakaḥ tvamasi sa ca tvamasmākaṃ guruḥ gurośca śiṣye 'nukaṃpāśālitvānnāsākaṃ mṛtyuto bhayamiti bhāvaḥ | varastu saeva ātmavedana- rūpa eva me mama varaṇīyaḥ prārthanīyaḥ |
uttamaphalalābhe sati nikṛṣṭaṃ kāmayamāno'haṃ mūrkha eva syāmataḥ saeva varaḥ prārthanīya ityāha—

1.27

martyo maraṇadharmo manuṣyaḥ ajīryatāṃ jarārahitānāṃ amṛtānāṃ cirakāla- sthāyināṃ devānāṃ upetya sannidhiṃ prāpya prajānan tebhya utkṛṣṭaphalasaṃbhavaṃ pra- jānan san kathaṃ nikṛṣṭaṃ naśvaraṃ varāntaraṃ vṛṇīteti śeṣeṇānvayaḥ | kīdṛśo martyaḥ jīryan jarāvān | punaḥ kīdṛśaḥ kvadhaḥsthaḥ kuḥ pṛthivī sā cāntarikṣādadhaḥ tatra sthitaḥ sannityarthaḥ | kvadhaḥstha ityasya sthāne ka tadāstha iti pāṭhe tu tatrāstha- ntrādirūpe varāntare āsthā āsaktyaryasya saḥ tadāsthaḥ sa ka atituccha i- tyarthaḥ| prajānan utkṛṣṭaphalasambhavaṃ jānan katham nikṛṣṭamasthiraṃ varāntaraṃ vṛṇīta itiśeṣaḥ | kiñca varṇaratipramodān varṇe divyastrīṇāṃ saundarya ratiḥ tābhiḥ saha krīḍā tābhyāṃ jātā ye pramodāḥ sukhaviśeṣāstān anityatvena duḥkhadatvena cābhidhyāyan sañcintayan san atidīrghe jīvite cirakālajīvane ko rameta kaḥ puruṣaḥ prasajjet | na kopītyarthaḥ |

1.28

samparāyaḥ paralokaḥ tatsambandhī sāmparāyaḥ he mṛtyo | yasminsāmparāye paralokasambandhinyātmatattve devā api idaṃ asti nāsti vetyākārakaṃ yathāsyā saṃśayā vicikitsanti saṃśayāśrayā bhavanti | tasyātmatattvasya yannirṇayavijñānaṃ mahati mahatprayojananimitte mokṣārthe tanno'smabhyaṃ brūhi kathayeti yojanā | śruti rāha-yo'yamiti | yoyam prakṛtātmavijñānarūpo varo gūḍhamanupraviṣṭo gopyatāṃ prāptaḥ tasmādvarādanyaṃ varaṃ naciketā na vṛṇīte na prārthayate ityarthaḥ |
iti śrīkaṭhavalyāṃ prathamādhyāye prathamavallīṭīkā samāptā |
atha dvitīyāvallī viṣayebhyo viraktatvena parīkṣitaṃ naciketasaṃ mokṣahetukevalavidyārthitvena stotuṃ mokṣābhyudayasādhanayorvidyāvidyayorvibhāgaṃ tāvanmṛtyurāha-

2.1

śreyaḥ mokṣaheturvidyā anyatpṛthageva preyaḥ abhyudayasādhanaṃ karma uta api anyadeva pṛthageva te vidyākarmaṇī ubhe nānārthe bhinnaphale satī puruṣaṃ mokṣābhyudayātmakaphalārthinam sinītaḥ svasminnāsaktilakṣaṇabandhanaṃ kurutaḥ | tayoḥ mokṣābhyudayasādhanayorvidyākarmaṇormadhye śreyaḥ ādadānasya mokṣasādhanavidyāgrahaṇaṃ kurvataḥ puruṣasya sādhu bhavati mokṣārthamutkṛṣṭaṃ phalaṃ bhavati ya u yastvavivekī preyo vṛṇīte abhyudayarūpajanyaphalahetvavidyātmakaṃ karma gṛhṇāti sa puruṣaḥ arthāt mokṣākhyāt prayojanāt hīyate viyujyate mokṣarūpaṃ phalam| karmajanyānityaphalaṃ prāpnotīti bhāvaḥ |
nanu svādhīnakartavyatākayoḥ mokṣābhyudayasādhanayorvidyākarmaṇoruttamādhamaphalaṃ jānan san lokaḥ kathaṃ prāyeṇābhyudayasādhanamevādatte na mokṣasādhanamityāśaṅkya mokṣābhyudayasādhanayorvidyākarmaṇorbhedajñānābhāvādityāha -

2.2

śreyaśca preyaśca vidyākarmaṇī manuṣyaṃ puruṣaṃ etaḥ kartavyatayā prāpnuvataḥ| tau mokṣābhyudayasādhanabhūtau śreyaḥpreyaḥpadārthau samparītya manasā tayoḥ svarūpaṃ vicāryya dhīro buddhimānuttamādhikārī vivinakti anāyāsasādhyā mahāphalā vidyā bahvāyāsasādhyamalpaphalaṃ ca karmeti vivekena jānāti| evaṃ vivicya dhīro vivekī preyasaḥ abhyudayasādhanabhūtakarmasvarūpāt śreyaḥ śreṣṭhaṃ mokṣasādhanībhūtaṃ jñānamevābhivṛṇīte gṛhṇāti| mando'lpabuddhiḥ puruṣastu yogakṣemāt aprāptaprāpaṇātmakaḥ saṃrakṣaṇātmakayogakṣemanimittaṃ preyo vṛṇīte avidyātmakaṃ karma gṛhṇātītyarthaḥ |
tvaṃ tu vivekināṃ mukhyo'sītyāha -

2.3

he naciketaḥ sa śreyomārgagrāhī mama śiṣyastvaṃ priyān prītiviṣayān putrādīn priyarūpān priyaṃ prītiviṣayo rūpaṃ yeṣāṃ tānapsaraādīn kāmān kāmyapadārthān abhidhyāyan anityatvāsāratvaduḥkhapradatvādidoṣavattvena cintayan atyasrākṣīḥ parityaktavānasi aho buddhimattā tava etāṃ sṛṃkāṃ srātiṃ kutsitāṃ mūḍhajanapravṛttiviṣayībhūtāṃ vittamayīṃ dhanaprāyāṃ nāvāptaḥ na prāptavānasi yasyāṃ stau bahvo'neke manuṣyāḥ ajñajanāḥ majjanti sīdanti kliśyantītyarthaḥ |
tayoḥ śreya ādadānasya sādhu bhavati| hīyate'rthācca u preyo vṛṇīte ityuktaṃ| tatra hetuṃ vaktuṃ vidyāvidyayoḥ svarūpataḥ phalataśca virodhamāha -

2.4

ete vakṣyamāṇasvarūpe dūraṃ atyantaṃ viparīte svarūpato vilakṣaṇe viṣūcī viṣūcyau nānāgatī bhinnaphale | ete ke ityata āha avidyeti yā karmakāṇḍaprasiddhā avidyā abhyudayasādhanaṅkarma | cakāraḥ parasparasamuccayārthaḥ | vidyā mokṣasādhanaṃ tatvajñānaṃ iti evaṃ avidyātvavidyātvarūpeṇa jñātā paṇḍitairniścitā naciketasaṃ tvaṃ tayoravidyāvidyayormadhye vidyābhīpsinaṃ jñānārthinaṃ manye'haṃ jānāmi | tatra hetumāha— neti | yataḥ kāmā ajñānāṃ prārthanāviṣayabhūtā apsaraādayo bahavo'nekavidhā api tvā tvāṃ na lolupantaḥ śreyomārgānna vicchedaṃ kṛtavantaḥ | ato jñānārthinaṃ śreyobhājanamahaṃ manye ityabhiprāyaḥ |
evaṃ jñānārthinaṃ naciketasaṃ stutvā śāstravihitakarmānuṣṭhātṝnsakāmānnindati—

2.5

avidyāyāmantare vartamānāḥ avidyātatkāryanirūpitābhimānavantaḥ mūḍhā avivekinaḥ dhīrāḥ laukikaprajñāvanto vayamiti svayamātmānaṃ manyamānāḥ vijānantaḥ paṇḍitaṃ śāstrīyaprajñāvantaṃ cātmānaṃ manyamānāḥ dandramyamāṇāḥ atyantakuṭilāmanekarūpāṃ gatimicchantaḥ pariyantaṃ nānāvidhamanarthaṃ prāpnuvanti | tatra dṛṣṭāntamāha—andheneti | andhenaiva cakṣurindriyarahitenaiva puruṣeṇa nāthamānāḥ kumārge prāpyamāṇāḥ bahavo'ndhā yathā kaṇṭakavedhādijanyanānā'narthe prāmuvanti | tathā karmiṇo'jñāḥ saṃsārānarthaṃ prāpnuvantītyarthaḥ | dhūmamārgeṇa svargaṃ jigamiṣūṇāṃ gururapi mūḍha evetyandhajanadṛṣṭāntena sūcitam |
evaṃ śāstravihitakarmānuṣṭhātṝnninditvā śāstrapratiṣiddhakarmakurvāṇaṃ nindati

2.6

samyak paradehapatanādūrdhvamīyate gamyate iti samparāyaḥ paralokastatra... hetuḥ karmaṇāṃ yo'nuṣṭhānādisādhanaviśeṣaḥ sāṃprāyaḥ | sa ca bāle vivekahitaṃ puruṣaṃ na pratibhāti jñāto na bhavati | tatra hetugarbhitaṃ viśeṣaṇamāhapramādyantaṃ | putrapaśvādiphaleṣu saṃlagnacittaṃ vittamohena mūḍhe dhanelamādivekenācchāditāntaḥkaraṇaṃ | ayaṃ lokaḥ yo'yaṃ dṛśyamānaḥ svargapānādiviśiṣṭo loko'sti | paro'dṛśyamāno loko nāsti iti evaṃ mānī manyamāno naraḥ punaḥ punaḥ mṛtijanma me mama mṛtyorvaśamāpadyate mamayātanāmanubhavatītyarthaḥ | tatra pūrvoktāyogāvasāne cirakālena mama vaśamāyāti | śakyamṛtirviddhakarmakartā tu janmānantarameva mama vaśaṃ prāpnotīti punaḥśabdasya dviruktyā sūcitā |
evaṃ saṃsāre bhrāmyatāṃ sahasrāṇāṃ puruṣāṇāṃ madhye kaścideva mokṣārthī bhavati tatrāpi kaścideva tvadvidho niratiśayānandasvarūpaṃ brahma pratyakṣeṇa jānāti durvijñeyatvādātmatattvasyetyāha-

2.7

ya ātmā śravaṇāya śrotumapi bahubhiranekairjanairna labhyo na labhyate | aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvāt | śṛṇvanto'pi upakramādiliṅgaistātparyāvadhāraṇaṃ kurvanto'pi bahavo janekee janāḥ yamātmānaṃ na vidyurnavijānīyuḥ | evaṃ śroturdurlabhatvamuktvā vakturdurlabhatvamāha-āścarya iti | asyātmano vaktā kathayitāpi āścaryaḥ atidurlabhaḥ tathā śrutvāpyasyātmano labdhā jñātāpi kuśalaḥ kaścinnipuṇa eva bhavati labdhadurlabhatve hetumāha-āścarya iti | yasmāt kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ kuśalena sākṣātkṛtabrahmatattvenā ''cāryeṇānuśiṣṭo vedāntavākyeḥ śikṣitaḥ san jñātā sākṣātkāraḥ āścaryaḥ ko'pi virala eva bhavati | tasmātkaścidevātmano labdheti yojanā |
vaktṛjñātrordurlabhatve hetumāha-

2.8

nareṇa manuṣyeṇa avareṇa proktaḥ na varo'varopakṛṣṭena svātmasākṣātkāra-
hīnatālakṣaṇāpaḥ iṣṭadharmavatā prokta upadiṣṭaḥ eṣa ātmā na suvijñeyaḥ samyak vijñāto na bhavati yasmādbahudhā asti nāsti kartā 'kartā śuddho 'śuddho ityādibahuprakāraiḥ cintyamānaḥ vādibhirjyāyamānaḥ | na hi vipratipattimadbhiḥ puruṣairupadiṣṭo'rthaḥ samyak jñāto bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | tarhi kena proktaḥ sujñeyaḥ syādityata āha-ananyaprokta iti | nāhaṃ brahmaṇo'nyo na matto'nyatkiñcidastītijñānavatā''cāryeṇa prokte upadiṣṭe atra ātmani gatiḥ saṃśayātmakaṃ viparyayātmakaṃ vā jñānaṃ nāsti na jāyate | yadvā ananyaprokte na tvaṃ brahmaṇo'nya iti śiṣyāyā''cāryeṇa prokte prakarṣeṇopadiṣṭe sati atrātmani gatiḥ ahamityavagateranyāgatiḥ jñānāntaraṃ nāsti | jñeyāntarābhāvāt | yadvā gatiḥ dehāntaraprāptirnāsti | jñānino mokṣāvaśyakatvāt | yadvā'nanyenā''cāryeṇa prokte sati atrātmani agatiranavabodho nāsti | kintu bhavatyevātmanyavagatirityarthaḥ | nāyaṃ kevalatarkeṇa jñātuṃ śakyo'tisūkṣmatvādityāha-aṇīyāniti | hi yasmādayamātmā aṇupramāṇādalpaparimāṇādapyaṇīyānatisūkṣmaḥ ato'tarkyam atarkyaḥ | pūrvoktā''cāryamantareṇa kevalatarkeṇa jñātuṃ na śakya ityarthaḥ |
nanu svabuddhyāpi kāścittarkakuśala ātmānaṃ jñāsyati kimatra guruṇetyāśaṅkyāha-

2.9

eṣā matirātmaviṣayiṇībuddhistarkeṇa svakalpanāmātreṇa nāpaneyā na prāptavyā yadvā eṣā ācāryopadeśena jāyamānā matiḥ tarkeṇa kutarkeṇa na bādhanīyā siṃhādauriva kutarkādṛkṣaṇīyetyarthaḥ | kiñca he preṣṭha priyatama anyenaiva nāstikebhyo bhinnenāgamavidācāryeṇaiva proktā upadiṣṭā satī eṣā matirātmasvarūpākārā matiḥ sujñānāyātmasākṣātkārāya bhavati | kīdṛśī sā matirityata āhayāmiti | yāṃ matiṃ tvamāpaḥ mama varapradānena prāptavānasi | satyadhṛtirbatāsi batetyanukampāyāṃ satyā viṣayairabādhyamānā dhṛtirdhairyaṃ yasya sa tvaṃ satyatirasīti dayāṃ kurvanyama āha-tvādṛgiti | he naciketa tvādṛk tvatsadṛśaḥ praṣṭā praśnakartā no'smākaṃ putraḥ śiṣyo vā bhūyāt bhavatityarthaḥ |
matto'pi tvamadhikadhairyavatvādutkṛṣṭaprajñosīti vaktumādau svamajñāmakarmāha—

2.10

śevadhiḥ nidhiriṣṭatvaguṇasāmyātkarmaphalarūpo nidhiranityamanitya iti evamahaṃ jānāmi | hi yasmāt dhruvaṃ nityaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ phalaṃ adhruvaiḥ anityaiḥ sādhanaiḥ prāpyate tat tasmātkarmaphalamanityamevahi yasmātkarmaphalamanityaṃ tataḥ tasmāt mayā | nityamanityasādhanaiḥ prāpyate iti jānatāpi anityairdravyaiḥ paścādilakṣaṇaiḥ agniścitaḥ svargasukhasādhanabhūto'gniḥ sampāditaḥ he nāciketaḥ tena karmaṇā nityaṃ cirasthāyi yāsyaṃ padaṃ prāptavānasmi labdhavānasmi natu dhruvaṃ mokṣākhyamiti yojanā |
matto'pi tava dhairyamadhikamityāha—

2.11

kāmasyecchāviṣayabhūtasya sukhasya āptiṃ samāptisthānaṃ sarvasya kāmaśabditalaukikānandasya tatraivāntarbhūtatvāt | jagataḥ carācarātmakasya pratiṣṭhāmādhāraṃ | kratorupāsanāyāḥ phalaṃ hairaṇyagarbhapadaṃ anantyaṃ anantaphalaṃ hiraṇyagarbhapadasthānantatvamāpākṣikamevamuttarapadārtheṣvapi draṣṭavyam | abhayasya bhayarāhityasya pāraṃ avadhibhūtaṃ stomaṃ stutyaṃ mahat aṇimādyaiśvaryādinekaguṇopetaṃ urugāyaṃ sarvāgamairurutvena pūrṇatvena geyaṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ ātmano niratiśayasthitim | dṛṣṭvoktaviśeṣaṇakahiraṇyagarbhapadasya nityatvaṃ niścitya dhṛtyā dhairyeṇa dhīro dhīmān san he nāciketa iti saṃbodhayan hiraṇyagarbhapadaparyaṃtaṃ tvam bhogyajātamatyasrākṣīḥ tyaktavānasi | atastvamanuttamaguṇo'sīti bhāvaḥ |
idānīṃ nāciketasā pṛṣṭā ''tmano lābhasādhanaṃ phalaṃ ca darśayati—

2.12

yamātmānaṃ jñātumicchasi taṃ devamātmānaṃ tvayā pṛṣṭaṃ adhyātmayogādhigamena ātmani cittasya samādhānamadhyātmayogaḥ nididhyāsanaṃ tasya lābhena matvā sākṣātkṛtya dhīro buddhimān harṣaśokau jahāti tadrahito bhavatītyanvayaḥ | kīdṛśaṃ devamityākāṅkṣāyāṃ tadviśeṣaṇaṣaṭkamāha-durdarśamiti | durdarśaṃ dṛṣṭumaśakyaṃ | gūḍhaṃ māyākāryairāvṛtaṃ | anupraviṣṭaṃ kāryajātaṃ sṛṣṭvā tatra praviṣṭaṃ | guhāhitaṃ buddhāvupalabhyamānatvāttatra sthitaṃ | gahvareṣṭhaṃ rāgadveṣādiminarthairāssyāsajanake kāryakaraṇasaṃghāte sthitaṃ | purāṇaṃ sanātanamityarthaḥ |
harṣaśokau jahātītyanena tatvajñānasya samūlabhavanivartakatvaṃ pradarśyānandāvāptisādhanatāmāha—

2.13

yo martyaḥ etadātmatattvaṃ śrutvā gurumukhāt śravaṇaviṣayīkṛtya saṃparigṛhya mananaṃ kṛtvā pravṛhya nididhyāsanaṃ kṛtvā dharmyaṃ dharmasya puṇyasya janakatvāt dharmayuktaṃ aṇuṃ sūkṣmaṃ etamātmānaṃ āpya sākṣāt kṛtya | vartata iti śeṣaḥ | sa vidvān modanīyaṃ kartari anīyar eṣa hi ānandayatīti śruteḥ modayitāraṃ labdhvā prāpya modate hi eva kṛtakṛtyo bhavatīti yāvat | yadvā etat paramātmatattvaṃ saṃparigṛhya samṛggātmabhāvena niścitya pravṛhya dehādeḥ pṛthakkṛtya samānamanyat | evaṃvidhaṃ brahmātmakaṃ sadma gṛhaṃ naciketasaṃ tvāṃ prati vivṛtaṃ pratibandhaśūnyaṃ manye mokṣārhaṃ tvāmahaṃ jānāmīti bhāvaḥ |
dehādivyatiriktātmajñānameva yadi mokṣasādhanaṃ tarhi tadeva brūhīti nāciketā āha—

2.14

dharmāt phalakārakasahitādyajñādirūpāt anyatra anyat adharmāt phalakāraṇāddhitācchācca vihitahiṃsādirūpāt anyatra anyat| asmād bhūtādi vikārāt kṛtākṛtāt kāryakāraṇāt anyatra anyat bhūtācca bhavyācca bhūtapadaṃ vartamānasyāpyupalakṣaṇaṃ tathā ca bhūtādikālebhyaḥ kālikebhyaśca anyatra anyat| evaṃ bhūtaṃ vastu yat yadi tvaṃ paśyasi jānāsi tattarhi tadātmakatvaṃ mahyaṃ vada kathayetyarthaḥ |
sādhanaṃ vinā tattvajñānāsambhavāttattvajñānaprāptisādhanamupāsyavācakapratīkabhedena dvividhamoṃkāropāsanaṃ naciketase yama āha—

2.15

sarve vedāḥ vedāntāḥ yatpadaṃ padanīyaṃ prāpyaṃ paraṃ brahma āmananti pratipādayanti| sarvāṇi tapāṃsi karmāṇi yatpadaṃ vadanti cittaśuddhidvārā prāpayanti| yadicchantaḥ yatpadāvāptīcchayā mumukṣavaḥ brahmacaryaṃ aṣṭavidhamaithunatyāgapūrvakagurukulavāsalakṣaṇaṃ naiṣṭhikaṃ caranti kurvanti tatpadaṃ brahmātmakapadaṃ te tubhyaṃ saṃgraheṇa saṃkṣepeṇa bravīmi vadāmi omityetat| omityakṣarasya brahmavācakatvādbrahmapratīkatvācco-mityākārakameva tatpadamityarthaḥ| yasya śabdasyoccāraṇe yadvastu sphurati tattasya vācyamiti prasiddham| samāhitacittasyoṃkāroccāraṇe yatsākṣicaitanyaṃ sphurati tadoṃkāramavalambya tadvācyaṃ brahmāhamasmīti dhyāyet| tatrāpyasamartha omityeva brahmātmikāṃ dṛṣṭiṃ kuryāditi bhāvaḥ |
evaṃ tatpratipattisādhanabhūtāṃ praṇavopāsanāmabhidhāya praṇavākṣarasya stutiṃ tadopāsanāphalaṃ cāha—

2.16

hi yataḥ etadakṣaraṃ praṇavākhyamakṣaraṃ brahmaiva hiraṇyagarbhākhyāparabrahmarūpameva hi yataḥ etadakṣaraṃ praṇavākhyamakṣaraṃ paraṃ parabrahmarūpameva etaddhyevākṣaraṃ hi tasmāt etadakṣaraṃ praṇavākhyamakṣaraṃ jñātvā parāparabrahmasvarūpatvena dhyātā
ya upāsakaḥ yadicchati parāparabrahmabhāvaphalayormadhye yatphalaṃ vāñchati tasyopāsakasya tat paramaparaṃ vā brahma bhāsaṃ bhavati | tatra parabrahmaprāptistu jñānadvāreti śeṣaḥ |
yata ekamata āha—

2.17

etat praṇavarūpaṃ ālambanaṃ brahmadṛṣṭyā adhikaraṇaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ kāryabrahmaṇo dhyānopakārakatvādvāyatryādyālambanebhyaḥ praśastaṃ etat praṇavākhyālambanaṃ paraṃ parabrahmaṇo dhyānopakārakatvādutkṛṣṭaṃ | etatpraṇavākhyamālambanaṃ jñātvā upāsya brahmaloke mahīyate dvividhabrahmadhyānena brahmalokaprāptidvārā mucyate ityarthaḥ |
evaṃ mandamadhyamādhikāribhedena dvividhapraṇavopāsanāmabhidhāyedānīṃ nirupādhikātmatattvamāha—

2.18

vipaścit nityacaitanyarūpa ātmā na jāyate notpadyate na mriyate vā vāśabdaḥ ścārthe na naśyati ca | tatrahetutvena kāraṇābhāvaṃ dvaitābhāvaṃ cāha—nāyaṃ iti | ayamātmā kutaścit kāraṇāt na babhūva nājāyata kāraṇasyābhāvāt kaścit kopyarthāntarabhūtaḥ asmādātmano na babhūva nājāyata ataḥ kāryanāśaprayuktopyātmano nāśo nāsti yataevamato'jo nityaśca nityatvāccāyamātmā śāśvataḥ apakṣayaśūnyaḥ śāśvatatvācca purāṇaḥ vṛddhivarjitaḥ yata evaṃ svabhāva ātmā'ta upādhināśe tannāśaśaṃkāpi nāstītyāha—neti | śarīre hanyamāne śastrādibhiricchadyamāne'pyayamātmā na hanyate na hiṃsyate niravayavatvāt |
yaḥ pūrvoktamātmānaṃ hananādikriyākartāraṃ hananādikriyākarmabhūtaṃ ca manyate sa bhrānta ityāha—

2.19

cet yadi haṃtā hanikriyārtṛsaṃghātāvacchinnaḥ puruṣaḥ hantuṃ haniṣyāmyenamiti hananakriyākartāramātmānaṃ manyate vijānāti cet yadi hato hananaṃ prāptaḥ saṃghātāvacchinnaḥ hataṃ hato'hamiti hananakriyākarmabhūtamātmānaṃ manyate tau ubhau haṃtṛtvena hatatvena cātmānaṃ manyamānau na vijānītaḥ ātmānamiti śeṣaḥ | tatra hetumāha—neti | yato'yamātmā na haṃti hananakriyākartā na bhavati na hanyate hananakriyākarma na bhavati | hananopalakṣitasya sarvakriyākārakadharmādharmādiprapañcasyātmājñānakṛtatvāditi bhāvaḥ | etenātmano smṛtinirāso... nirastā |

2.20

aṇoḥ sūkṣmāt tārkikairnityatvenābhimatāt manaāderātmā'ṇīyān atisūkṣmaḥ | ato na nāśāyogyaḥ mahataḥ mahatparimāṇāt tārkikairmahattvena nityatayā cābhimatātkālāderapyātmā mahīyān mahattarastadadhiṣṭhānatvāt | ato'pi nāstyātmano nāśayogyatetyarthaḥ | tasyopalabdhisthānamāha—asyeti | akratuḥ sacātmā sya jaṃtoḥ brahmādistambaparyantaprāṇijātasya guhāyāṃ buddhau nihitaḥ pratyagrūpatvena sthitaḥ | tasyākāmatvādikaṃ jñānasādhanamāha—tamiti | akratuḥ dṛṣṭaśrutaviṣayebhya uparatacittaḥ san dhātuprasādāt dehasya dhārakatvāddhātavo manaādikaraṇāni teṣāṃ prasādānnairmalyāt ātmanaḥ svasya mahimānaṃ eṣa nityo mahimā brāhmaṇasya na karmaṇā vardhate no kanīyāniti śrutiprasiddhakarmanimittavṛddhi.. sarahityarūpaṃ paśyati ayamahaḥ... sākṣādvijānāti tataśca vītaśokaḥ śokopalakṣita-janmamaraṇarahito bhavatītyarthaḥ |
kalpitopādhibhedairnānārūpaviruddhadharmavattvena bhāsamānatvānna vivekaśūnyairayamātmā jñātuṃ śakya ityāha—

2.21

āsīnaḥ jāgratsvamayormanaādivyāpārasya sākṣitvena sthita eva dūraṃ vrajati | yāti viṣayadeśaṃ gacchatsu manaādiṣu tatpratibimbarūpeṇa viṣayadeśaṃ gacchati na vastuto gatimān bhavatīti sarvatra pūrṇatvāt | śayānaḥ koparame sati manuṣyo'hamidaṃ paśyāmītyādiviśeṣajñānābhāvātsuptaḥ yāti sarvataḥ jñānasāmānyarūpeṇāvasthāmātsarvato yātī tyucyate | kiñca madāmadaṃ buddhyādisaṃghātatādātmyādhyāsādvighādhanādiprayuktamadavantaṃ vastuto'madaṃ madarahitaṃ evaṃbhūtaṃ taṃ devaṃ prakāśasvarūpamātmānaṃ madanyaḥ māhaśādvivekato bhinnaḥ kaḥ jñātumarhati ātmajñānayogyo bhavati na kopītyarthaḥ |
• ātmavijñānaphalamāha-

2.22

aśarīraṃ śarīratrayarahitaṃ anavastheṣu anityeṣu śarīreṣu sarvadeheṣu avasthitaṃ sthitaṃ mahāntaṃ bṛhadrūpaṃ | āpekṣikamahatvaṃ vārayati vibhuṃ sarvavyāpakaṃ evaṃbhūtamātmānaṃ pratyakcaitanyaṃ matvā ahameva paraṃ brahmeti sākṣātkṛtya dhīro vivekī puruṣaḥ na śocati kartṛtvādirūpabandharahito bhavati śokahetorajñānasya nivṛttvāditi bhāvaḥ |
ātmānusandhānaṃ vinā vedādhyayanādisādhanajātasya niṣphalatvādāha-tanvāne mukhe nāthatimayatitavyamityāha-

2.23

ayamātmā pratyagbhinnabrahmasvarūpaḥ pravacanena vedādhyayanena na labhyaḥ na jñātuṃ śakyaḥ | medhayā granthārthadhāraṇaśaktirūpayā na labhyaḥ | bahunā śrutena upābhiṣāṃ śravaṇena | gurūpadeśarahitopaniṣacchravaṇenāpi na labhyaḥ | kathaṃ tarhi labhyate ityata āha-yamiti | eṣa mumukṣuḥ yameva svātmānameva vṛṇute śravaṇa-mananādibhiḥ sambhajate | śravaṇādikālepi pratyagraivāhamityanusandhatte iti yāvat | tenābhedānusandhānavatā puruṣeṇa labhyaḥ jñeyaḥ sa ātmeti śeṣaḥ| yadvā eṣa paramātmā āścaryamūrtiḥ san yameva yamabhiprārthayate vṛṇute anugṛhṇāti tena ācāryānugṛhītena labhyaḥ labhyate sa ātmetyarthaḥ| nityalabdhasya lābho na darśanādanya ityāha— tasyeti| tasyā''cāryānugṛhītasya mumukṣoḥ eṣaḥ prakṛta ātmā svāṃ tanuṃ svakīyamānandātmakasvarūpaṃ vivṛṇute prakāśayatītyarthaḥ |
śamadamādisādhanavata evātmajñānaṃ sambhavati nānyasyetyāha—

2.24

duścaritāt kāyikapāpāt avirataḥ anivṛttaḥ aśāntaḥ enaṃ nāpnuyāt indriyalaulyādanivṛttaḥ enaṃ nāpnuyāt asamāhitaḥ anekāgramanāḥ vikṣiptacittaḥ enaṃ nāpnuyāt aśāntamānasaḥ samāhitacitto'pi san samādhiphalādinimādilakṣaṇādanivṛttamanāśca enaṃ nāpnuyāt yastu duścaritāvirataḥ indriyalaulyanivṛttaḥ samāhitacittaḥ samādhiphalādviraktaḥ etadviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭaḥ sa ācāryavān prajñānena jñānasādhananididhyāsanādinā enaṃ yathoktātmānaṃ āpnotītyarthaḥ |
evaṃ kutsitācaraṇanivṛttyādi sādhanairvinā ātmā na jñātuṃ śakya ityuktvā upasaṃharati—

2.25

yasya tamaḥpradhānamāyopādhikasyeśvarasya brahma ca kṣatraṃ ca ubhe bhavata odanaḥ brāhmaṇakṣatriyopalakṣitaṃ carācarātmakaṃ jagat odanaḥ aśanasthānīyaṃ bhavati mṛtyuḥ sarvasaṃhārakaḥ yasyeśvarasyopasecanaṃ śākasūpasthānīyaḥ sa īśvaraḥ yatra yasmin śuddhasvarūpe sthitaḥ taṃ śuddhamātmānaṃ itthā itthaṃ yathā mayā yamena jñātastathā ko veda madanyaḥ ko vijānīyāt na ko'pītyarthaḥ| etenātmajñānasyātidurlabhatvaṃ sūcitam |
iti śrīkāṭhakopaniṣadvyākhyāyāmupaniṣanmaṇiprabhāyāṃ prathamādhyāye dvitīyāvallī samāptā |
pūrvoktavidyāvidyayoḥ svarūpasādhanaphalāni vaktuṃ tṛtīyāvalyārabhyate | ratharūpakakalpanā tu vidyāvidyayorjñānasaukaryārthā | tatrādau gantṛgantṛvyavivekārthaṃ dvāvātmānau tattvaṃpadārthāvāha—

3.1

sukṛtasya svayaṃkṛtasya vihitāvihitasya karmaṇaḥ ṛtaṃ satyamavaśyabhoktavyatayā karmaphalaṃ ṛtapadenoktam pibantau bhuñjānau jīveśau loke'smin śarīre sthitā-iti śeṣaḥ | ṛtaṃ pibantāvityatra yathā daśabhiḥ saha putraiśca bhāraṃ vahati garda-bhītyatra putrāṇāṃ bhāravahane'nvayo nāsti | yathā vā ammāipatnīvāntsajūrdevena tvaṣṭrā somaṃ piba svāhetyatrāgninā saha vartamānasya tvaṣṭuḥ somapānakartṛtve'nvayo nāsti | evaṃ karmaphalabhoktṛjīvena sahaikatra sthitasyāpīśvarasya pānakartṛtve'nvayo nāstīti bodhyam | mantrārthastu he agne tvaṃ somaṃ piba | kīdaśastvaṃ patnīvān jāyāsahitaḥ | punaḥ kīdaśastvaṃ tvaṣṭrā tvaṣṭrasaṃjñakena devena, sajūḥ saṃhitaḥ | ekakarmādhiṣṭhātṛtvenāgnistvaṣṭuḥ sāhacaryaṃ bodhyam | kīdaśau tau guhāṃ praviṣṭau parame parārdhye | parame bāhyākāśāpekṣayotkṛṣṭe parārdhye parasya brahmaṇo'rdhve sthānaṃ parārdhyaṃ tasminnutkṛṣṭe brahmasthāne hārdākāśe yā guhā buddhiḥ tāṃ praviṣṭau praviṣṭavantau sthitāviti yāvat | yadyapi buddhau praviṣṭasya brahmaṇo buddhireva sthānaṃ natu hārdākāśaṃ tathāpyāsane sthitasyāsanādhārabhūtabhūmau sthitivadbuddhau sthi-tasya brahmaṇo buddhyāśraye hārdākāśe'pi sthitatvāddhārdākāśe brahmasthānamuktam | yadvā guhāmiti saptamyarthe dvitīyā tathā ca parame utkṛṣṭe parārdhye parasya brahmaṇaḥ sthāne guhāyāṃ buddhyākhyaguhābhūte praviṣṭāvityarthaḥ | punaḥ kīdaśau chāyātapau chāyā''tapāviva mitho vilakṣaṇau bhoktṛtvābhoktṛtvādiviruddhadharmavattvena | evambhūtau tau brahmavido brahmajñāninaḥ vadanti kathayanti pañcāgnayaḥ gārhapatyo dakṣiṇāgnirāhavanīyaḥ sabhyaḥ āvasathyaścetyete pañcāgnayo gṛhasthāḥ | pañcasu dyuparjanyapṛthivīpuruṣayoṣitsu agnidṛṣṭiḥ yeṣāṃ te vā pañcāgnayo vadanti | ye ca triṇāciketāḥ trivāraṃ cito nāciketo'gniryaiste'pi vadantītyarthaḥ |
nanu ke te brahmavidaḥ pañcāgnividaśca ye evaṃ vadantītyākāṅkṣāyāṃ vayameketyāha-

3.2

yaḥ nāciketākhyo virāḍātmako'gniḥ ījānānāṃ karmiṇāṃ setuḥ duḥkhajaladheḥ santaraṇopāyaḥ | taṃ nāciketamagniṃ jñātuṃ cetuṃ ca vayaṃ śakemahi śaknuvantaḥ | kiṃ ca pāraṃ titīrṣatāṃ saṃsārābdheḥ pāraṃ mokṣākhyaṃ padaṃ prāptumicchatāṃ | brahmavidāṃ prāpyaṃ yatparaṃ brahma akṣaraṃ na kṣaratītyakṣaraṃ ṣaḍbhāvavikārarahitaṃ pratyagbhūtaṃ abhayaṃ bhayarahitaṃ tadapi vayaṃ jñātuṃ śakemahi śaknuvantaḥ | asmadādibhirviditaṃ parāparaṃ brahma jñānikarmibhyāṃ gantavyamanyairapi jñātavyamiti tātparyārthaḥ |
tatra karmaphalabhokturjīvasya saṃsāraṃ mokṣaṃ vā gacchataḥ rathino rathādivaccharīrādīni gatisādhanāni darśayati dvābhyāṃ-

3.3

ātmānaṃ tvaṃpadārthaṃ jīvaṃ rathinaṃ rathena saṃsāramokṣayorgantāraṃ rathasvāminaṃ viddhi jānīhi | śarīraṃ tu dehaṃ ca rathameva rathamiva gatisādhanaṃ viddhi | buddhiṃ adhyavasāyarūpāṃ sārathiṃ śarīrarūparathasya netāraṃ viddhi jānīhi | manaḥ saṃkalpavikalpātmakaṃ pragrahameva raśmānameva viddhīti kriyā'nukarṣaṇārthaścakāraḥ |

3.4

indriyāṇi cakṣurādibāhyakaraṇāni hayān śarīrātmakarathakarṣakānaśvān āhuruktavantaḥ śāstravida iti śeṣaḥ | teṣu teṣāmuktāśvānāṃ gocarān pracaraṇamārgasthānīyān viṣayān rūpādyātmakān āhuriti sambandhaḥ | rathasvāmitvenoktasyātmanaḥ aupādhikameva bhoktṛtvaṃ na svābhāvikamityāha-ātmeti | ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ dehendriyamanobhiḥ sahitaṃ ātmānaṃ cidābhāsākhyaṃ bhoktā sukhaduḥkhayoranubhavitā iti evaṃ manīṣiṇaḥ vivekinaḥ āhuruktavantaḥ |
vakṣyamāṇa saṃsāramokṣarūpagatidvaividhyaṃ vaktuṃ sārathidvaividhyaṃ tāvadāha dvābhyāṃ-

3.5

yastu buddhyātmakaḥ sārathireva vijñānavān manaso nigrahadvārā indriyāṇāṃ svaviṣayeṣu pravṛttinivāraṇasādhanajñānaśūnyaḥ san ayuktena agṛhītena asamāhitena vā manasā raśmanāsthānīyena saha sadā sarvadā bhavati vartate | tasya uktalakṣaṇasya buddhirūpasāratheḥ indriyāṇi cakṣurādīnyaśvasthānīyāni avaśyāni viṣayebhyo nivartayitumaśakyāni bhavanti | tatra dṛṣṭāntamāha—duṣṭāśvā iti | yathā laukikasāratheḥ duṣṭā aśikṣitā aśvāḥ kumārgānnivartayituṃ tena na śakyante tadvadityarthaḥ |

3.6

yastu yo buddhyākhyaḥ sārathireva vijñānavān manaso nigrahadvārā indriyāṇāṃ svaviṣayeṣu pravṛttinivāraṇasādhanajñānayuktaḥ san yuktena nigṛhītena manasā yuktaḥ sadā sarvadā bhavati tasya buddhisāratheḥ indriyāṇi cakṣurādīnyaśvasthānīyāni vaśyāni svādhīnāni bhavanti | tatra dṛṣṭāntamāha—sadaśvā iti | yathā laukikasāratheḥ sadaśvāḥ śikṣitā aśvā vaśavartino bhavanti tadvadityarthaḥ |
evamuktabuddhisārathidvaividhyena rathinā ātmanaḥ pratijñātaṃ gatidvaividhyamāha dvābhyām—

3.7

yastu ātmākhyo rathyeva avijñānavān vijñānarahitasārathiḥ amanaskaḥ aniruddhamanāḥ | manaso'niruddhatvādeva sadā nirantaraṃ aśuciḥ indriyāṇāṃ yatheṣṭā''caraṇayuktatvena dūṣito bhavati | sa uktaviśeṣaṇo rathī tatpadaṃ akṣarabrahmasvarūpaṃ sthānaṃ nā''pnoti na prāpnoti tena sārathineti śeṣaḥ | kintu saṃsāraṃ ca janmamaraṇarūpameva adhigacchati prāpnoti |
kiñca—

3.8

ya ātmākhyo rathī eva vijñānavān śikṣitabuddhacāryasārathiyuktaḥ samanaskaḥ nigṛhītamanassadā sarvadā śuciḥ śuddhacitto bhavati sa tu sacokoviśeṣaṇe rathī tatpadaṃ brahmarūpapadaṃ āpnoti yāti yasmādbrahmasvarūpātpadādapracyutaḥ san bhūyaḥ punaḥ na jāyate notpadyate |
tatpadamāpnotītyuktamevārthaṃ vivṛṇoti-

3.9

yo vijñānasārathiḥ vivekavatībuddhiḥ sārathiryasya sa tathā manaḥpragrahavān nigṛhītamanorūparaśanāvān | evambhūto yo naro vidvān sa puruṣaḥ adhvanaḥ pāraṃ saṃsārasamudrātparaṃ sthānaṃ āpnoti yāti saṃsārādvimukto bhavatīti yāvat | yadvā so'dhvanaḥ pāramāpnoti saṃsārāntarbhūtadevayānadakṣiṇāyanā 'dhogatirūpāyā gateḥ pāraṃ tadaprāpyaṃ yattadāpnotītyarthaḥ | tatsaṃsārarahitasthānaṃ viṣṇorvyāpanaśīlasya viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ padaṃ svarūpamityarthaḥ |
tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padamityuktasya padasya sarvotkṛṣṭatvaṃ vaktuṃ sāpekṣakotkṛṣṭatvapramparāṃ tāvadāha-

3.10

indriyebhyaḥ śrotrādipañcajñānendriyebhyaḥ parā utkṛṣṭā hi prasiddhā arthāḥ śabdādiviṣayāḥ indriyāṇāmarthādhīnapravṛttimattvāt | ca punaḥ arthebhyaḥ śabdādiviṣayebhyaḥ paraṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ sūkṣmaṃ manaḥ saṃkalpavikalpātmakaṃ manasorthagrāhakatvāt | tu punaḥ manasaḥ saṃkalpādirūpāt parā utkṛṣṭā buddhirniścayalakṣaṇā | manovyāpārasya buddhyadhīnatvāt | buddherasmadādinyaṣṭibuddheḥ mahānātmā samaṣṭibuddhirūpaḥ paraḥ utkṛṣṭaḥ |

3.11

mahataḥ samaṣṭibuddheḥ paraṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ avyaktaṃ sarvajagato bījaṃ māyākhyamavyākṛtaṃ avyaktāt utkṛṣṭaviśeṣaṇāt puruṣaḥ pūrṇaḥ sakalajaḍavargaprakāśakaḥ ātmā paraḥ
utkṛṣṭaḥ | tasmādapyanyaḥ kaścitparaḥ syādityata āha-puruṣāditi | puruṣātsarvatra pūrṇādātmanaḥ paraṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ kiñcit kimapi vastvantaraṃ nāsti | evaṃ kasmādityataāha-iti | yasmāt sā utkasvarūpātmā kāṣṭhā utkaparatvānāṃ viśrāntibhūmiḥ sā parā gatiḥ so'dhvanaḥ pāramāmoti tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padamiti śrutiprasiddhā parā utkṛṣṭā gatiḥ gantavyaphalasvarūpā ityarthaḥ |
evaṃ sarvakāryarthavargādhiṣṭhānatvenoktasyātmano bhānābhānayorhetumāha-

3.12

eṣa indriyādikāryavargātparatvenoktaḥ ātmā pratyakcaitanyarūpaḥ sarveṣu brahmādistambānteṣu bhūteṣu prāṇiṣu sthito'pi gūḍhaḥ avidyayā ācchāditaḥ san na prakāśate sarvasmātpara ānandarūpo'hamiti vyavahārayogyo na bhavatītyarthaḥ | nanu tamkratuḥ paśyati vītaśoka iti pūrvoktādviruddhaṃ na prakāśate iti kathamucyate ityāśaṃkya cittaśuddhacaśuddhibhyāmadhikāribhedānna virodha ityāha-dṛśyatetviti| tu śabdaḥ | evārthakaḥ | sūkṣmadarśībhiḥ indriyebhyaḥ parā hyarthā ityādi prakāreṇottarottarasūkṣmatvavicāreṇa sūkṣmātmatattvaṃ draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ taiḥ paṇḍitaiḥ agryayā mukhyayā gurūpadiṣṭamahāvākyajanyayā sūkṣmayā sūkṣmapadārthagrahaṇasamarthayā buddhyā niścayātmikayaiva eṣaḥ ātmā dṛśyate pratyagrūpeṇa sākṣātkriyata ityarthaḥ |
buddhyaikāgryaṃ vinā sūkṣmatattvasya bhānāsaṃbhavāttadekāgryaprakāramāha-

3.13

prājñaḥ ātmā jijñāsuḥ puruṣaḥ vāk vāgādisarvendriyagaṇaṃ manasi sarvendriyāniyāmake saṃkalpavikalpaparūpe yacchet nirundhyāt manovyāpārātiriktendriyavyāpārābhāvaṃ kuryāditi yāvat | tat manaḥ jñāna ātmani niścalarūpāyāṃ vyaṣṭibuddhau yacchet nirundhyāt | vyaṣṭibuddhivyāpārātiriktamanovyāpārābhāvaṃ kuryāt | jñānaṃ vyaṣṭibuddhitattvaṃ ātmani mahati vyaṣṭibuddhīnāmātmabhūte mahattattve samaṣṭibuddhirūpe niyacchet vilāpayet | samaṣṭibuddhivyatiriktavyaṣṭibuddhīnīstīti cintayet | tat samaṣṭibuddhitattvaṃ śānte nirvikāre ātmani pratyagātmani sarvakaraṇavyāpārasākṣiṇi yacchet vilāpayet ātmātiriktasamaṣṭibuddhyacabhāvaṃ cintayedityarthaḥ |
evaṃ yogābhyāsena cittasyaikāgratāṃ sampādya yatrātmani samāhitaṃ stasyātmano jñāne prayatitavyamiti mātṛvaddhitaiṣiṇī śrutirāha--

3.14

he adhikāriṇo janā yūyaṃ uttiṣṭhata jñānāya prayatadhvaṃ jāgrata ajñānarūpanidrāṃ tyajata varān brahmavida ācāryān prāpya teṣāṃ samīpaṃ gatvā nibodhata | tairupadiṣṭamātmatattvaṃ vijānīta | naccasamāhitacittaistadvagantuṃ śakyaṃ atisūkṣmātmajñānasya duḥsampādyatvāditi saddṛṣṭāntaṃ śrutirāha--kṣurasyeti | kṣurasya nāpitaśastraviśeṣasya dhārā agrabhāgo niśitā śāṇasaṃgharṣaṇena tīkṣṇīkṛtā yathā duratyayā padbhyāṃ gantumaśakyā | tathā tatpathaḥ paṃthānaṃ ātmajñānalakṣaṇaṃ mārge durge duḥkhena sampādyaṃ kavayaḥ paṃḍitāḥ vadanti kathayantītyarthaḥ |
nanvātmavastunaḥ sujñeyatve kathaṃ tajjñānamārgasya durgamatvamityāśaṃkya śabdādiguṇahīnatvenātmano'tisūkṣmatvānnāsti sujñeyatvamityāha--

3.15

taṃ brahmātmānaṃ nicāyya jñātvā mṛtyumukhāt janmaraṇalakṣaṇātsaṃsārāt pramucyate mukto bhavatīti sambandhaḥ | kīdṛśaṃ tamityākāṃkṣāyāṃ tasya viśeṣaṇadaśakamāha--aśabdamityādi | yat brahmātmasvarūpaṃ aśabdaṃ śabdaguṇahīnaṃ asparśaṃ sparśaguṇarahitaṃ | evamarūpamityādiviśeṣaṇatrayamapivyākhyeyam | aśabdādimastvādvyayaṃ apakṣayarahitamityarthaḥ | ayamatra prayogaḥ | brahmāvyayaṃ | aśabdādimattvāt | yannaivaṃ tannaivaṃ yathā pṛthivyādi | avyayatvādeva nityaṃ nāśarahitaṃ | nityatve hetvantaramāha--anādyanantaṃ na vidyate ādikāraṇaṃ yasya so'nādiḥ | na vidyate'ntaḥ kāryaṃ yasya so'nantaḥ | anādiścāsāvanantaścānādyanantastamanādyanantam | kāraṇakāryarahitamityarthaḥ | mahataḥ buddhyākhyānmahattattvātparaṃ vilakṣaṇaṃ dhruvaṃ akṣiyam | evambhūtaṃ brahmātmānaṃ nicāyyetyarthaḥ |
uktajñānamevaśrutiḥ stauti—

3.16

nāciketaṃ naciketasā labdhaṃ mṛtyuproktaṃ mṛtyunā yamenopadiṣṭaṃ nāciketamupākhyānaṃ trivarṇātmakaṃ guruśiṣyasaṃvādarūpaṃ sanātanaṃ cirakālīnaṃ uktvā brāhmaṇāditrivarṇebhyaḥ śrāvayitvā ca punaḥ śrutvā ācāryebhyaḥ śravaṇaṃ kṛtvā medhāvī vivekī puruṣaḥ brahmaloke mahīyate hiraṇyagarbhavatpūjyo bhavati | asyopākhyānasya śravaṇakīrtanābhyāmapyarcirādimārgeṇa brahmalokasya prāptirbhavatīti bhāvaḥ |
prathamādhyāyamupasaṃharati—

3.17

iti tṛtīyā vallī |
yaḥ kaścitpuruṣaḥ prayataḥ śucirbhūtvā imaṃ graṃthaṃ paramaṃ utkṛṣṭaṃ guhyaṃ gopanīyaṃ brāhmaṇasabhāyāṃ śrāvayet pāṭhato'rthataśca śravaṇaṃ kārayet vā athavā śrāddhakāle śrāddhānaṃ bhuñjānān śrāvayet | tasya puruṣasya tat śrāddhaṃ ānantyāya kalpate anantaphalayogo bhavati | dviruktiradhyāyasamāptyarthā |
iti kāṭhakopaniṣaṭṭīkāyāmupaniṣanmaṇiprabhāyāṃ prathamādhyāye tṛtīyā vallī samāptā |
evaṃ pūrvādhyāye saṃkṣepeṇoktasya brahmaṇo rūpaṃ vistareṇa vaktumayamadhyāya ārabhyate| tatra gūḍho''tmā na prakāśate ityenenoktādanādyavidyārūpādātmano'jñānakāraṇāttyadāgantukaṃ vidyāyāḥ pratibandhakaṃ pariharāya vaktavyamitīndriyāṇāṃ parākpravaṇatvamātmadarśanapratibandhakamāha—

4.1

svayaṃbhūḥ parameśvaraḥ khāni svopalakṣitāni śrotrādīndriyāṇi parāci bāhśabdādiviṣayān rūparasagandhaśabdasparśān rūpādiviṣayān vyatṛṇat hiṃsitavān| bahirmukhatayā nirmāṇendriyāṇāṃ hitakaratvādvanamiva bhavatīti bhāvaḥ| tasmāt indriyāṇāṃ bahirgamitvāt sarvo'pi janastairindriyaiḥ parāṅ paśyati vāhyān śabdādiviṣayān jānāti nāntarātman antaryāmiṇaṃ pratyagātmānaṃ na jānāti| evaṃ lokasvabhāve bahirviṣayopalabdhisvabhāvatve satyapi kaściddhīraḥ ko'pi vivekī āvṛttacakṣuḥ viṣayebhya āvṛtaṃ vyāvṛtaṃ cakṣuḥ śrotrādīndriyagaṇo yena saḥ amṛtatvaṃ mokṣaṃ icchan mokṣaprāptikāmanayā pratyagātmānaṃ pratyakcaitanyabhūtamātmānaṃ aikṣat chaṃdasi kālasyāniyamāt sākṣātkarotītyarthaḥ |
evamuktārthaḥ saṃsārānarthaprāptirātmadarśinastannivṛttiśca bhavatītyāha-

4.2

ye bālā alpaprajñāḥ parācaḥ vāhyān kāmān dṛṣṭādṛṣṭaśabdaviṣayān anuyānti pūrvoktendriyairbhajante te viṣayabhājaḥ puruṣāḥ vitatasya vyāpyādinārūpeṇa prasṛtasya mṛtyoḥ sarvamākasya yamasya pāśaṃ nirantarajanmamaraṇalakṣaṇamanarthavrātaṃ yanti prāpnuvanti| yata evamavivekino daśā bhavati atha tasmāt dhīrāḥ vivekinaḥ dhruvaṃ niratiśayaṃ nityaṃ amṛtatvaṃ svarūpāvasthānalakṣaṇaṃ viditvā vijñāya iha saṃsāre adhruveṣu brahmalokāntānityaphaleṣu madhye kimapyanityaphalaṃ na prārthayante necchanti| teṣāmātmajñānapratibandhakatvādityarthaḥ |
amṛtatvaṃ viditvetyanenoktasyātmavedanasya parokṣatvaśaṃkānivṛtyarthaṃ kāryakaraṇasaṃghādvaktasyātmanaścatanyasvarūpatvamāha-

4.3

rūpaṃ nīlapītādilakṣaṇaṃ| rasaṃ madhurādikaṃ gaṃdhaṃ surabhyasurabhilakṣaṇaṃ śabdān varṇātmakadhvanyātmakān sparśān śītoṣṇādirūpān maithunān strīsaṃsargajanyasukhaviśeṣān yena aparokṣasākṣibhūtenātmanā vijānāti yattādātmyāpannaḥ sarvo'pi jano'nubhavati etadvai tat| tat dharmādharmādītatvopalakṣitaṃ tvayā pṛṣṭamātmatattvaṃ
etat vai sākṣicaitanyamevetyanvayaḥ | nanu indriyādinā rūpādīn jānāti lokaḥ nanu sākṣibhūtenātmanetyāśaṃkyendriyādīnāṃ jaḍatvena rūpādiprakāśakatvābhāvānme vamityāha-eteneti | etenaiva dehādivyatiriktātmanaiva vijānātīti | ātmano'vijñeyā'vārthaḥ praśnāha-kimiti | atra loke ātmanā'vijñeyaṃ kiṃ pariśiṣyate'vaśiṣṭaṃ bhavati na kimapītyarthaḥ |
atisūkṣmatvāddurvijñeyamātmatattvaṃ matvā punarapi tamevārthaṃ prakārāntareṇāha-

4.4

svapnāntaṃ antaṃ madhyaṃ svapnakālikavastujātaṃ jāgaritāntaṃ jāgaritakālikavastujātaṃ ca ubhau uktārthau svapnāntajāgaritāntau yena sākṣicaitanyenānupaśyati jānāti lokaḥ | taṃ mahāntaṃ vyāpakaṃ vibhuṃ vividharūpeṇa bhavanaśīlaṃ sarvakalpanādhiṣṭhānabhūtaṃ ātmānaṃ pratyakcaitanyarūpaṃ matvā ātmatvena sākṣātkṛtya dhīraḥ ātmavettā na śocati kartṛtvādirūpaṃ śokaṃ na karotītyarthaḥ |
jīveśabhedaṃ nirākurvan punarapi tamevārthamāha-

4.5

yaḥ adhikārī puruṣaḥ imaṃ sarvasya draṣṭāraṃ ātmānaṃ pratyakcaitanyaṃ veda sākṣātkaroti sa puruṣaḥ tataḥ ātmajñānādūrdhvaṃ | na vijugupsate bhayahetudvaitajñānābhāvāt | ātmānaṃ rakṣituṃ necchatīti saṃbandhaḥ | uktātmāna viśinaṣṭi-madhvadaṃ karmaphalabhoktāraṃ jīvaṃ prāṇādikalāpasya dhārakaṃ aṃtikāt aṃtikaṃ samīpasthaṃ | bhūtabhavyasya bhūtādikālatrayopalakṣitasya sarvaprapañcasya īśānaṃ niyaṃtāraṃ tat naciketasā pṛṣṭamātmatattvaṃ etadvai uktapratyakcaitanyarūpamevetyarthaḥ |
hiraṇyagarbho'pi yasya rūpaṃ tatsarvāntaraṃ brahmetyāha-

4.6

yo hiraṇyagarbhaḥ adbhyaḥ apsahitebhyo brahmāṇḍāraṃbhakasthūlabhūtebhyaḥ pūrvaṃ prathamaṃ ajāyata utpannaḥ | taṃ yaḥ kaścit mumukṣuḥ vyapaśyat paśyati sa brahmaiva paśyati | kāryakāraṇayorabhedāt | tat naciketasā pṛṣṭamātmatattvamapi etadvai svarūpamevetyanvayaḥ| kīdṛśaṃ taṃ pūrvaṃ kāryotpateḥ prāk tapasaḥ jñānarūpādbrahmaṇo jātaṃ utpannaṃ| punaḥ kīdṛśaṃ guhāṃ sarvaprāṇināṃ hṛdayākāśaṃ praviśya praveśaṃ kṛtvā bhūtebhiḥ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātākārairbhūtaiḥ saha tiṣṭhaṃtaṃ sthitam|
uktamevārthaṃ viśadayati-

4.7

yā aditiḥ śabdādiviṣayāṇāmadanakartrī prāṇena prāṇaghaṭitasūkṣmaśarīropādhinā hiraṇyagarbharūpeṇa saṃbhavati paramādbrahmaṇo jāyate devatāmayī sarvadevatātma ga| tāṃ guhāṃ praviśya tiṣṭhantīṃ sarveṣāṃ hṛdayākāśaṃ praviśya sthitāṃ| yaḥ kaścitpaśyati sa brahmaiva paśyati tat naciketasā pṛṣṭamātmatattvamapi etadvai etanmaṃtroktasvarūpameva kīdṛśī sā aditiḥ yā aditiḥ bhūtebhiḥ bhūtaiḥ sarvaprāṇibhiḥ saha tādātmyamāpannā satī vyajāyat jātetyarthaḥ|
virāḍātmako'girapi brahmetyāha-

4.8

yo jātavedāḥ agniḥ araṇyoruttarādharamathanakāṣṭhayornihitaḥ sthitaḥ so'gnirapi tat prakṛtaṃ etadvai brahmasvarūpameveti sambandhaḥ| kīdṛśo'gnirityākāṃkṣāyāṃ sadṛṣṭāntaṃ taṃ viśinaṣṭi-garbhaiti| garbhiṇībhiḥ strībhiḥ yathā pathyānnāśanādinā garbhaḥ subhṛtaḥ suṣṭhu dhṛto bhavati iva| tathā jāgṛvadbhirnidrāvarjitairyogibhiḥ subhṛtaḥ dhyānabhāvanayāṃtardhṛtaḥ| tathā haviṣmadbhirājyādimadbhiryājñikaiḥ manuṣyebhiḥ manuṣyairadhvare subhṛtaḥ suṣṭhu dhṛtaḥ| punaḥ kīdṛśo'gniḥ dive dive dine dine svargamokṣākāṃkṣibhiryogibhiryājñikaiśca īḍyaḥ stutyaḥ|
evaṃ hiraṇyagarbhāvayavabhūtamagnimuktvā'nyadevatānāmapi hiraṇyagarbhāvayavatkamāha-

4.9

yato yasmātprāṇākhyādadhidaivavāyvātmakāt sūryaudeti brahmaṇo'hnyahani tiṣṭhati| yatra yasminprāṇe astaṃ tirobhāvaṃ gacchati prāpnoti prāṇādvā eṣa udeti ...netasā śrutyantarāt| taṃ tatra prāṇe sarve devāḥ agnivāyuḥ... arpitāḥ rathacakranābhāvarā iva sthitāḥ kaścana kopi devaḥ tadutkramevaprāṇaṃ nātyeti tadanyatvaṃ na gacchatītyarthaḥ| etadvaitat ... na ceketasā dṛṣṭaṃ vastu etadvai utkrasvarūpameva |
nanu sarvātmakaṃ brahmeti yaduktaṃ tadayuktam| upādhyavacchinnacaitanyasya saṃsāritvādyaṇavāsaṃsāritvādviruddhadharmākrāṃtayoraikyāyogādityāśaṃkya viruddhadharmatyāgo...staikatve na kiñcidanupapattirityāha—

4.10

yadeva yaccidrūpatveva iha jīvopādhau sarvabuddhisākṣitayā vartate tat utkacaitanyameva amutra ajñānarūpeśopādhau vartate| yat caitanyaṃ amutra ajñānarūpeśopādhau vartate tat caitanyaṃ iha jīvopādhau anupraviṣṭaṃ| vyatihāroktistu abhedadārḍhyāya bodhyā| yaḥ puruṣaḥ iha vastuto bhedaśūnye brahmaṇi nāneva ahaṃ brahmaṇo'nyo satyo'nyadbheti bhinnatvamiva paśyati vijānāti saḥ puruṣaḥ mṛtyoḥ mṛtyuṃ maraṇānmaraṇaṃ punaḥ punaḥ janmamaraṇaṃ āpnoti gacchatītyarthaḥ| ivaśabdenaupādhikabhedasya mithyātvena cidaikyāvirodhitvaṃ sūcitam |
tatprāptisādhanamāha—

4.11

manasā śāstrācāryasaṃskṛtenaikāgreṇa idaṃ brahma āsavyaṃ veditavyaṃ iha prāṇe brahmaṇi kiñcana alpamapi nānā nānātvaṃ bhedo nāsti na vidyate yaḥ kaściditimūḍhaḥ iha brahmaṇi nāneva bhedameva paśyati| saḥ puruṣaḥ mṛtyormṛtyuṃ maraṇādunarmaraṇaṃ janmamaraṇadhārāṃ gacchati prāpnoti |
punarapi jīvaikyameva draḍhayati—

First 80 of 123 passages. Read on

Maṇiprabhā

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