Kaṭha Upaniṣad 1.2.21

Kaṭhaprakāśikā (Raṅgarāmānuja) 1.2.21

Language: Sanskrit

1.2.21

ekaviṃśatitamo mantraḥ
[ tṛtīyena vareṇa mokṣasvarūpakayanaprārthanā ]
yeyaṃ prete vicikitsā manuṣye astītyeke nāyamastīti caike |
etad vidyāmanuśiṣṭastvayā'haṃ varāṇāmeṣa varastṛtīyaḥ ||

pra.dī. prakṛtamanusaran naciketā āha - manuṣye - mokṣādhikṛte jane prete - sarvabandhavinirmukte, caramaśarīramukte sati ityarthaḥ | yā - yadrūpā iyam - vakṣyamāṇarūpā, vicikitsā - saṃśayo vartate, tamāha astīti caike - iti | eke - āstikāḥ, cidacidīśvaratattvatrayasatyatvavādinaḥ, astīti - jīvasya bhagavatsamānarūpāvirbhāvaḥ astīti vadanti| eke - nāstikādayaḥ kudṛṣṭayaśca 1 nāsti iti vadanti | tvayā guruṇā, ahametat vidyām - pūrvoktāṃ svasvarūpa-parasvarūpopāyasvarūpādi brahmavidyāṃ, anuśiṣṭaḥ - upadiṣṭaḥ ityarthaḥ | varāṇāṃ madhye eṣaḥ tṛtīyo varaḥ |

1.2.21.p2

pra. naciketā āha - yeyaṃ prete iti | attā carācaragrahaṇāt (bra.sū.1-2-9) ityadhikaraṇe imaṃ mantraṃ prastutya, ityaṃ hi bhagavatā bhāṣyakṛtā - atra paramapuruṣārtharūpabrahmaprāptilakṣaṇamokṣayāthātmyavijñānāya, tadupāyabhūtaparamātmopāsana -

1.2.21.p3

parāvarātmatattva jijñāsayā ayaṃ praśnaḥ kriyate | evaṃ ca yeyaṃ prete iti na śarīraviyogamātrābhiprāyam ; apitu sarvabandhavinirmokṣābhiprāyam| yathā na pretya saṃjñā'sti (bṛ.u.4-4-12) iti | ayamarthaḥ - mokṣādhikṛte manuṣye, prete - sarvabandhavinirmukte, tatsvarūpaviṣayā vādivipratipattinamittā, astināstyātmikā yeyaṃ vicikitsā, tadapanodanāya tatsvarūpayāthātmyaṃ tvayā anuśiṣṭaḥ aham, vidyām - jānīyāmiti |

1.2.21.p4

tathā hi bahudhā vipratipadyante - kecit vittamātrasya ātmanaḥ svarūpocchittilakṣaṇaṃ mokṣamācakṣate | anye tu1 vittimātrasyaiva sataḥ avidyāstamayam| pare pāṣāṇakalpasyātmanaḥ, jñānādyaśeṣavaiśeṣikaguṇocchedalakṣaṇaṃ kaivalyarūpam | apare apahṛtapāpmānaṃ paramātmanam abhyupagacchantaḥ, tasyaiva upādhisaṃsarganimittajīvabhāvasya upādhyapagamena tadbhāvalakṣaṇaṃ mokṣam ātiṣṭhante| tathā trayyantaniṣṇātāstu, -nikhilajagadeka-kāraṇasya aśeṣaheyapratyanīkānantajñānānandaikasvarūpasya, svābhāvikānavadhikātiśayā- saṃkhyeyakalyāṇaguṇākarasya, sakaletaravilakṣaṇasya, sarvātmabhūtasya parasya brahmaṇaḥ, śarīratayā prakārabhūtasya, anukūlāparicchinnajñānasvarūpasya, paramātmānubhavaikarasasya jīvasya, anādikarmarūpāvidyocchedapūrvakasvābhāvikaparamātmānubhavameva mokṣamācakṣate| tatra mokṣasvarūpaṃ tatsādhanaṃ ca tvatprasādāt vidyām iti naciketasā pṛṣṭo mṛtyuḥ - iti bhāṣitam |

1.2.21.p5

tathā trayāṇāmeva caivam ------ (bra.sū.1-4-6) iti sūtre, tṛtīyena vareṇa mokṣasvarūpapraśnadvāreṇa upeyasvarūpam, (upetṛsvarūpam) upāyabhūtakarmānugṛhītopāsanasvarūpaṃ ca pṛṣṭam iti ca bhāṣitam | śrutaprakāśikāyāṃ ca - yeyam ityādipraśnavākye mokṣasvarūpapraśnaḥ kaṇṭhoktaḥ | prativacanaprakāreṇa upāsanādipraśnaśca arthasiddhaḥ nirviśeṣāpattiḥ2 mokṣaścet, vākyārthajñānasya upāyatā syāt | ubhayaliṅgakaṃ1 prāpyaṃ cet, tathātvenopāsanam upāyaḥ syāt | ataḥ mokṣasvarūpajñānaṃ tadanubandhajñānāpekṣam - iti varṇitam |

1.2.21.p6

ataḥ yeyaṃ prete ityasya muktasvarūpapraśnaparatvameva; na dehātiriktapāralaukika - karmānuṣṭhānopa-yogikartṛbhoktrātmakajīvasvarūpamātraparatvam | anyathā tasyārthasya duradhigamatvapradarśana - vividhabhoga vitaraṇapralobanaparīkṣāyāḥ asambhavāditi draṣṭavyam|

1.2.21.p7

naciketaso hi ayam abhiprāyaḥ - hitaiṣivacanāt ātmā parityaktacaramadehaḥ, āvirbhūtāpahatapāpmatvādiguṇāṣṭako bhavati ityupaśrutya, svarge loke na bhayaṃ kiñca nāsti (ka.u.1-12) ityādinā mantradvayena mokṣasādhanabhūtāgnim aprākṣam | adhunā tu vādivipratipattyā tadviṣaye sandeho jāyate | ayaṃ svarge loke na bhayaṃ kiñcanāsti ityādinā mayā upanyasta apahatapāpmatvādiviśiṣṭarūpaḥ ātmā, asti ityeke, nāyamasti1 ityapare, tvayā upadiṣṭaḥ etat jānīyāt - iti|ata eva prativacane, etacchrutvā sampratigṛhya martyaḥ pravṛhya 1 dharmya 2maṇumetamāpya | sa modate modanīyaṃ hi labdhvā iti etatpraśnānuguṇyameva dṛśyate | ato yathokta evārthaḥ |

1.2.21.p8

kecittu- parābhidhyānāttu tirohitaṃ tato hyasya bandhaviparyayau (bra.sū.3-2-4) iti sūtre, tirohitam iti niṣṭhāntapade, upasarjanatayā nirdiṣṭasya tirodhānasya, dehayogādvā so'pi (bra.sū.3-2-5) iti taduttarasūtre, so'pi - tirodhānabhāvo'pi iti pulliṅgatacchabdena parāmarśadarśanāt, gṛhāṃ praviṣṭāvātmānau hi taddarśanāt (bra.sū.1-2-11) ityatrāpi praviṣṭau iti upasarjanatayā nirdiṣṭasya praveśasya, taddarśanāt iti tacchabdena parāmarśadarśanāt, sarvanāmnā'nusandhirvṛtticchannasya (vāmanasūtra 2-11) iti vāmanasūtre kṛttaddhitādivṛttinyagbhūtasyāpi sarvanāmnā parāmarśasyāṅgīkṛtatvāt, yeyaṃ prete iti niṣṭhāntapretaśabde upasarjana3tayā nirdiṣṭasyāpi prāyaṇaśabdita4mokṣasya nāyamastīti caike ityatra ayam iti padena parāmarśo'stu |

1.2.21.p9

na ca - evaṃ bhuktavatyasmin bhojanamasti vā na vā? iti vākyavat, mukte'smin mokṣo'sti na vā? iti sandehakathanaṃ vyāhatārtham5 iti - vācyam ; mokṣasāmānyamabhyupetya mokṣaviśeṣa sandehasya upapādayituṃ śakyatvāt | ayam ityanena viśeṣaparāmarśasambhavāt |

1.2.21.p10

nanu - na prāyaṇaśabdasya mokṣavācitvaṃ kvaciddṛṣṭam | śarīraviyogavācitvāt|

1.2.21.p11

śrutaprakāśikāyāṃ śarīraviyogavācitvamabhyupetyaiva caramaśarīraviyogaparatayā vyākhyātatvāt iti cet, astvevam; tathāpi ayam ityanena caramaśarīraviyogaparāmarśasambhavāt, tadviṣayiṇyeva vicikitsā'stu|

1.2.21.p12

nanu - tasya niścitatvāt, tadviṣayiṇī vicikitsā nopapadyate iti cet - satyam | ayaṃ caramaśarīraviyogaḥ brahma1rūpāvirbhāvapūrvabhāvitvenarūpeṇa asti? na vā? iti vicikitsāyāḥ sūpapādatvāt - iti vadanti ||

1.2.21.p13

ā.bhā. mumukṣuḥ naciketāḥ, dvitīyena vareṇa mokṣasādhanabhūtām agnividyāṃ papraccha | adhunā mokṣasvarūpaviṣaye pṛcchati? sa hi vādivipratipattyā mokṣasvarūpe sandihāna āste | tathā hi - kecit, kṣaṇikavijñānarūpasyātmanaḥ svarūpasamucchedameva muktiṃ vadanti | apare tu, nityavijñānarūpamātmānaṃ manyamānāḥ tadgatāvidyā'stamayaṃ mokṣamāmananti | tārkikāsu aśeṣaviśeṣaguṇocchedam ātmano muktiṃ varṇayanti | anye tu apahṛtapāpmatvādiguṇaviśiṣṭaḥ nityaśuddhaḥ paramātmaiva upādhisaṃsargāt jīvabhāvamupaiti; upādhyagamācca yaḥ tasya paramātmabhāvaḥ tamevamokṣasvarūpatayānirūpayanti|savāsanā'nādikarmarūpāvidyāvicchedapūrvakāvirbhūtā-pahatapāpmatvādiguṇāṣṭakaviśiṣṭasya jīvasya, aprākṛtadeśaviśeṣaviśiṣṭaparamātmānubhava eva mokṣaḥ - iti pare vaidikāḥ vadanti|

1.2.21.p14

puṣkarapalāśakalpasya1 ātmanaḥ prakṛtipuruṣā'vivekajanyabhoktṛtvāvabhāsa -

1.2.21.p15

viccheda eva muktiḥ iti tu kāpilāḥ2 kalpayanti | tadevamādibhiḥ vipratipattibhiḥ saṃśyākulitaḥ naciketāḥ astināstyātmakavipratipattidvayena sarvāḥ vipratipattīḥ saṅgṛhya, saṃśayaṃ pradarśya, mokṣadaśāyāṃ muktasya kiṃ svarūpam ? - iti pṛcchati yeyaṃ prete iti | prete - prakarṣeṇa ite tattadvādisvīkṛtasakalabandhanamukte manuṣye

1.2.21.p16

mokṣādhikāri jīve, yā iyam- anubhūyamānā, svabuddhyā viṣayīkriyamāṇeti yāvat vicikitsā - saṃśayaḥ, jāyate iti śeṣaḥ | vicikitsāhetubhūte vipratipattī darśayati - astītyeke| sarvabandhavinirmuktau satyām ayamātmā asti ityeke vadanti iti śeṣaḥ | ayamātmābandhanāt nigamānantaraṃ nāstī tyeke, svarūpocchitti mokṣamācakṣāṇāḥ, vadanti | ataḥ etad ātmasvarūpam, mokṣadaśāyāṃ kīdṛśam ? iti | tvayā - viditātmayāthātmyena sarvajñena guruṇā mṛtyunā, anuśiṣṭaḥ - upadiṣṭaḥ aham - naciketāḥ, vidyām jānīyām yathā tathā mām upadiśeti bhāvaḥ| tvayā dātuṃ pratijñātānāṃ trayāṇāṃ varāṇāṃ madhye, eṣaḥ - mokṣasvarūpaviṣayakaḥ mayā prārthyamānaḥ, tṛtīyo varaḥ asti ||

Linked texts (1)

Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit