Kaṭha Upaniṣad 2.24-2

Kaṭhaprakāśikā (Raṅgarāmānuja) 2.24-2

Language: Sanskrit

2.24-2

paramātmani paramaprītiṃ karoti, sa eva | āha ca bhagavān - priyo hi jñānino'tyarthamahaṃ sa ca mama priyaḥ (bha.gī.7-17) iti | tathā ca prītiṃ vinā kṛtena kevalena dhyānena, nāyaṃ labhyaḥ; api tu prītirūpeṇa teneti bhāvaḥ | yaśca nididhyāsitavyam iti sāmānyataḥ prāptaṃ dhyānam, tadapyanena viśeṣyata iti siddham | ukte upāyaviśeṣe aṅgatayā keṣāṃciddharmāṇām avaśyāpekṣāmāha - nāvirata iti | duścaritoparatyādiḥ yadi na syāt; prajñānaṃ na siddhyet, tadasiddhau kathaṃ tamāpnuyāt? ataḥ prajñānāṅgatayā avaśyamapekṣyante duścaritanivṛttyādayaḥ iti bhāvaḥ ||

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pañcaviṃśatimantraḥ

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[ sakalacarācarasaṃhartā paramātmā ]

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yasya brahma ca kṣatraṃ ca ubhe bhavata odanaḥ |

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mṛtyuryasyopasecanaṃ ka itthā veda yatra saḥ ||

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pra.dī. - pūrvoktaparabrahmaprabhāvaḥ kenā'pi na jñāyatetyāha - yasya iti | yasya - prasiddhasya parabrahmaṇaḥ, brahma - brāhmaṇavarṇaḥ, kṣatram - kṣatriyavarṇaḥ, cakāradvayāt vaiśyaśūdrau ucyete | ubhe - brahmakṣatriyakule vaiśyaśūdrakule ca, kṛtsnaṃ jagaditi yāvat | odanaḥ - bhakṣaṇānukūlānnasthānīye, bhavataḥ yasya - parabrahmaṇaḥ, mṛtyuḥ - prapaṃcalayahetubhūtarudrakālāntakāgnyādisamūhaḥ, upasecanam - adanīyoḥ- -nnasādhanaṃ bhavati | saḥ - paramātmā, yatra - yasmin prakāre sthitaḥ, saḥ itthā - etādṛśaprakāravāniti, kaḥ veda - tatprabhāvaḥ ko'pi na veda ityarthaḥ | brahmā'pi na veda iti bhāvaḥ |

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|| iti śrībhāṣyaṃrāmānujāryakṛtau kaṭhopaniṣaddvitīyavallīpratipadavyākyā samāptā ||

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pra. - yasya brahma ca iti | brahma ca kṣatraṃ ca - brahma - kṣatrākhyavarṇadvayopalakṣitakṛtsnacarācarātmakamidaṃ jagat | yasya odano bhavati - yasya vināśyo bhavatītyarthaḥ | yasya mṛtyuḥ svayamadyamānatve sati anyasyādanaheturbhavati, saḥ- nikhilacarācarasaṃhartā paramātmā, yatra - yasmin prakāre sthitaḥ, yatprakāraviśiṣṭaḥ, taṃ prakāram ittham iti ko veda ityarthaḥ |

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nanu - brahmakṣatra padena kṛtsnacarācaragrahaṇe kiṃ bījam? iti cet, ucyate - brahma ca kṣatraṃ ca odanaḥ ityukte, brāhmaṇakṣatriyavarṇayoḥ kiciṃtprati odanaśabdamukhyārthatvā1 sambhavāt, odanaśabdena bhojyatvaṃ vā, bhogyatvaṃ vā, vināśyatvaṃ vā lakṣaṇīyam | na hi brahmakṣatramātrabhoktā tanmātrasaṃhartā vā, kaścijjīvo vā, paramātmā vā asti |

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nanva2ntarādityavidyāyāṃ ye ca amuṣmātparāṃco lokāḥ teṣāṃ ceṣṭe (chāṃ.u.1-6-8) iti sarvalokeśvare paramātmanyupāsanārthaṃ lokaviśeṣeśitṛtvaśravaṇavat, sarvasaṃhartaryapi paramātmani brahmakṣatrasaṃharaṇamupāsanārthamupadiśyatāmiti cenna3; tadvadasyopāsanāprakaraṇatvā -

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sambhavāt | ataḥ brahmakṣatragrahaṇasya carācaramātropalakṣaṇatvaṃ yuktam | uktaṃ ca attā carācaragrahaṇāt (bra.sū.1-2-9) iti |

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[ jīvaparatvaśaṃkā ]

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nanu evamapi odana śabdena kimiti vināśyatvaṃ lakṣyate? gauṇatvamapi śabdasya sādhāraṇaguṇamapahāya asādhāraṇaguṇenaiva nirvāhyam | nahi agnirmāṇavakaḥ ityatra agniśabdena, paiṅgalyāderiva dravyatvādeḥ upasthitiḥ asti | ata eva praitu hotuścamasaḥ pra brahmaṇaḥ prodgātṛṇāṃ pra yajamānasya (pra.mī.3-5-7) iti adhvaryupraiṣe udgātṛśabdasya bahuvacanānurodhena bahuṣu vṛttau vaktavyāyām, ṣoḍaśartviksādhāraṇākāraṃ vihāya1, udgātṛgaṇamātralakṣaṇā, pūrvatantre (3-5-7) varṇitā | tadvadihāpi2 brahmakṣatravākye pratīyate iti cet;

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[ tatparihāraḥ ]

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ucyate; yadyapi - vināśyatvaṃ sādhāraṇākāraḥ; tathāpi - mṛtyuryasyopasecanam (ka. u. 2-24) iti vākyaśeṣānurodhāt, sādhāraṇo'pi, gauṇyā vṛttyā lakṣayitum ucitaḥ |

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nanu - upasecanaśabdāpekṣayā odanaśabdasya mukhyatvāt, odanaśabdasvārasyānurodhena, asādhāraṇākārarūpabhogyatve lakṣite, jaghanyam upasecanapadam abādhakatvābhiprāyeṇa kathaciṃt nīyatām | ataḥ brahmakṣatrabhoktā yaḥ, yasya ca mṛtyuḥ abādhakaḥ, saḥ asmin mantre pratipādyaḥ | bhoktṛtvaṃ ca jīvasyaiva iti, sa eva asminmantre pratipādyatām iti cet;

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ucyate - upasecanatvena rūpitasya mṛtyoḥ, odanatvarūpitena brahmakṣatraśabditena, dadhyannavat pratītasambandhasya, sarvātmanā bādhaprasaṅgāt | na hi yasya brahma ca kṣatraṃ ca bhogyam, yasya ca mṛtyuḥ abādhakaḥ ityukte, mṛtyoḥ brahmakṣatrasya ca sambandhaḥ pratīyate |

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ataḥ upasecanaśabdasya odanaśabdāpekṣayā jaghanyatve'pi, abādhakatvarūpasādhāraṇaguṇaṃ vihāya, svayam adyamānatve sati anyādanahetutvarūpāsādhāraṇarūpa1 eva grāhyaḥ | tataśca ekavākyāntargatacaramaśrutopasecanapadānusāreṇa, odanaśabdenā'pi vināśyatvameva lakṣaṇīyam | svabuddhyupasthāpanīyaviśeṣākārarūpaguṇagrahaṇādapi, ekavākyatāpannapadānta -

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ropasthāpitaguṇagrahaṇasyaiva buddhilāghavena ekavākyatāsāmarthyānurodhena ca nyāyyatvāditi asyārthasya atttradhikaraṇe nirṇītatvāt ityalaṃ pallavitena |

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|| iti dvitīyavallīprakāśikā samāptā ||

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ā.bhā. - brahma - brāhmaṇaḥ, kṣatraṃ ca - kṣatriyaśca, ubhe - ime dve api yasya paramātmanaḥ, odanaḥ - aśanam, bhavataḥ - saṃhriyamāṇatvāt upacāraḥ odanātvasya iti bhāvaḥ | bhavataḥ syātām, atra brahmakṣatrapadayoḥ nikhilacarācaraprapaṃcasya upalakṣaṇatvāt, sarvameva jagat, yasya odanaśabditam upasaṃhāryaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ | saṃhārakāraṇatayā prasiddho mṛtyurapi, yasya - paramātmanaḥ, upasecanam - adyamānaudanādīnāmadane sahāyakaṃ dadhyādi, upasecanamākhyāyate, dadhyādyupasiktasya odanādeḥ saralatayā, adanayogyatābhavanāt | tathaiva carācaraprapaṃcopasaṃhāre sahāyako mṛtyuḥ upasecanam ityucyate | yathā ca upasecanaṃ dadhyādi, svayamapi odanasya atttrā adyate, tathā mṛtyurapi sahāyako bhavan prapaṃcopasaṃhāre paramātmanaḥ, svayamapi tena saṃhiyate| mṛtyusahitaḥ samastaḥ prapaṃco yasya saṃhāryo bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | saḥ sarvasaṃhārakartā paramātmā, yatra - sve mahimni prakāre vā avasthitaḥ, taṃ mahimānaṃ prakāraṃ vā itthā - ittham iti, ko veda na ko'pi ityarthaḥ | saḥ - yādṛśamahimaviśiṣṭaḥ yatprakāraviśiṣṭo vā, sa mahimāprakāro vā tasya na kenā'pi vettuṃ śakyate | tena ayaṃ paramātmā aparicchinnamahimā acintyaprakāro vā iti bhāvaḥ |

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|| iti dvitīyavallī ānandabhāṣyam||

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su. - athāsya mahimā aparicchedya ityāha - yasya ca kṣatraṃ ca idamupalakṣaṇaṃ prāṇimātrasya | yasya - idam odanam - upasaṃhāryam ityarthaḥ | saṃhārakāraṇībhūto mṛtyuḥ yasya upasecanam - saṃhāradvārabhūtaṃ satsvayaṃ ca saṃhāryam | sarvasyāsya carācaraprapaṃcasya saṃhartā yaḥ iti bhāvaḥ | saḥ paramātmā yatra mahimni vartate, taṃ mahimānam, itthā - itthamiti, ko veda - paricchidya ko veda? na ko'pi ityarthaḥ | aparicchinnamahimā'yam iti yāvat |

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yadvā - paramātmaprasādādṛte tattvataḥ ko vā enaṃ vettum arhati? ityāha - yasya iti | yasminprakāre'sti, taṃ prakāram ittham iti ko vā tatprasādādṛte veda ityarthaḥ |

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yadvā - madanyaḥ ko vetti ? ityāha - itthamahaṃ yathā vedmi tathā veda ityarthaḥ ||

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|| iti subodhinī ||

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1.niḥśreyasāya - niścitaṃ śreyaḥ niḥśreyasamiti karmadhārayarūpatatpuruṣe aci sati niṣpadyate | idaṃca śabdarūpaṃ acatura ityādinā sūtreṇa mokṣarūpe'rthe nipātitam |

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2.vyanakti - praśaṃsati, stauti | 3.indriyārāmaḥ - indriyajanyasantoṣākāṃkṣī |

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1.bāhmārāmaḥ - bāhyavastusantoṣākāṃkṣī | 1.prāpnutaḥ - ka |

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1.nīrakṣīranyāyaḥ - nīraṃ jalam, kṣīraṃ dugdham | nīrakṣīrayoḥ saṃmilitayoḥ madhye haṃsena yathā kṣīrasya pānena nīrasya tyāgaḥ kriyate tathā śreyasaḥ grahaṇena preyasaḥ hānaṃca kāryamiti yāvat |

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2.abhyarhitam - stutyam athavā antaraṅgam|

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3.śreya eva - śreyo hi iti hi śabdārthalabhyamidamavadhāraṇam iti yāvat |

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4.lyablopapaṃcamīsamāśrayāt - lyablope karmaṇyadhikaraṇe ca iti vārtikamatra paṃcamīvidhāyakam iti svīkāryam| lyabantasya lope adarśane anuprayoge sati gamyamānatadarthaṃ prati karmaṇi adhikaraṇe ca paṃcamī vācya ityarthaḥ | preyaso abhivṛṇīte | preyasaḥ ityatra lyablope paṃcamī | apekṣyeti lyabantamatra na dṛśyate | tasyāprayoge sati preyaḥśabdāt gamyamānatadarthaṃ apekṣāṃ prati karmaṇi paṃcamīti yojanā |

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1.sṛṃkām - pūrvaṃ gṛhītā sṛṃkā pāritoṣikatvāt gṛhītā; na tu anububhūṣayā | iyaṃ tu tadanyeti jñāpanārthameva, etāṃ vittamayīmiti viśeṣaṇam | dattapūrvāmevādhunā parijahāreti kalpanamanapekṣitam | tadā, yasyāṃ majjanti bahavo manuṣyā iti ca na saṅgatam |

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1.kutsitāṃ mandabuddhisevyamānāṃ sṛtim - ārdrasnigdha (śaivalita) deśā'patitanyasyamānapadākarṣaṇaṃ sṛṅ ityanukārārham iti tādṛśī gatiḥ, sṛṃkā syāt | suṣu , ityanukaraṇamūlaka suṣumnā padavat |

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2.priyarūpakān - priyarūpā eva priyarūpakāstān | svārthe ka pratyayaḥ |

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1.lolupanta - lupa vimohane iti dhātoḥ lupasadacarajapajabhadahadaśagṛbhyo bhāvagarhāyām ityanena sūtreṇa ukta dhātvarthagarhāyāṃ yaṅnte laṅirūpametat |

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1.adabhāvaśca - ka |

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1.alolupanta ityatra chāndaso yaṅluk - lupasadacarajapajabhadahadaśagṛbhyo bhāvagarhāyām ityanena sūtreṇa yaṅaḥ avaśyambhāvāt alolupyanta iti prayoktavye alolupanta iti yaṅaḥ luk chāndasaḥ iti bhāvaḥ |

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2.tattvajñānakāmakarmātmake - tattvajñānātmakaṃ vidyā kāmakarmātmakaṃ avidyā iti yāvat |

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1.paṇḍitaṃ manyamānāḥ - paṇḍitaṃ iti pṛthakpadam | svaṃ svaṃ paṇḍitaṃ manyamānāḥ ityarthaḥ | paṇḍitaṃ manyānāṃ māno'haṃkāro yeṣāṃ te iti vigrahe aikapadye'pi śabdaḥ sādhureva | ātmamāne khaśceti sūtreṇa ātmakarmakaḥ mānaḥ mananam ityarthe paṇḍitaśabdāt manyateḥ supi khaśi pratyaye vikṛtikārye sati paṇḍitaṃ manya iti niṣpadyate |

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2.jāttyandhaḥ - janmakālataḥ andhaḥ jātyandhaḥ |

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3.dandramyamāṇāḥ - dram gatau ityasmāddhātoḥ kriyāsamabhihārārthe yaṅirūpametat niṣpannaṃ sat bhṛśaṃ dramati duḥkhena pīḍito bhavati ityamumarthaṃ bodhayati | bhṛśārthasya api kriyāsamabhihāratvāt |

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4.aviralitasantamase - samantāt tamaḥ santamasam | vyāpakatamaḥ ityarthaḥ | aviralitaṃ nāma gāḍhamiti yāvat| sāndratamasantamasamiti māghe navame sarge dvāviṃśatitame śloke prayuktaṃ ca padaṃ aviralitasantamasam ityasya yuktaḥ arthaḥ iti bhāti |

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1.gatyartho yaṅanto dram dhātuḥ - draṃ gatau iti dramadhātuḥ gatyarthakaḥ kriyāsamabhihārārthaka yaṅantakaḥ iti yāvat | kriyāsamabhihāraśca paunaḥpunyaṃ bhṛśārtho vā | dandramyamāṇā iti atra ca kuṭilaṃ gantāraḥ ityarthaḥ |

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2.vidūyamāṇamānasaḥ - dutacittāḥ | 3.bhavamahāraṇye - bhavo nāma atra saṃsāra iti āstheyam |

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1.sāmparāyaḥ - paramapadagamanasādhanavyāpāraḥ |

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2.tatra pakṣe - utasahite pāṭhe iti yāvat |

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3.śiṣṭaparigrahābhāvāt - para uta mānī ityevaṃrūpasya pāṭhasya śiṣṭaparigrahābhāvādityanvayaḥ |

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1.matkriyamāṇayātanāgocarī bhavati - mayā dīyamānayātanāgocarī bhavati ityarthaḥ |

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1.paripākavantaḥ - phalamityarthaḥ | paripākavantaḥ, phalavantaḥ, pariṇāmavantaḥ ityarthaḥ |

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1.marubhūmiṣu jalāśayavat - marupradeśeṣu jalāśayadarśanaṃ yathā durlabhaṃ tadvaditi bhāvaḥ | jalāśayadarśanaṃ yadi bhavati tadā tattu adbhutameva | tadvat yāthātathyena paramātmattvasvarūpavakturapi lābhaḥ durlabhaḥ iti yāvat |

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1.paramaikāntinā - paramaścāsau ekāntī ca paramaikāntī | ekāntaḥ asya astīti ekāntī | ekāntaḥ ananyatvaṃ iti yāvat | ekāntaḥ upāsyatvena asti asyeti yāvat | na kevalamananyadevatākatvaṃ api tu ananyaprayojanatvamapi parabrahmarūpabhagavadatiriktadevatāprayojanānabhilāṣī iti yāvat |

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2.aśreṣṭhena..... śravaṇena - vedāntaśravaṇaṃ pāṇḍityasampādanāyaiva yena kṛtaṃ na anuṣṭhātuṃ ityādiphalakaṃ pāṇḍityamātretyādi arthavarṇanamatra avadheyam| 1.ucyamānādātmano'nanyena - ka | 2.ātmani avagatiḥ - ka |

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1.saṃbhramaḥ - satvaraḥ | samyaggrahaṇābhāvaḥ satvaraṃ prāptatvamupadeśasyeti yāvat | 2.ūhāpohaviśiṣṭaḥ - ūhaḥ tarkaḥ|

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apohaśca aparatarkanirāsāya kṛto viparītatarkaḥ | tarkaśca atra anumānam | tathā ca ūhāpohau nāma sadanumānānumānābhāsau iti yāvat | apohonāma pūrvajñātasyāpi arthasya asamaṃjasasya tyāgaḥ |

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1.āpaneyā - āpanīyā iti prayoktavye āpaneyā iti chāndasam | 2.preṣṭhaḥ - priyaśabdāt iṣṭhanpratyaye preṣṭha iti rūpam | iṣṭhanaḥ ātiśāyane'rthe vidhānāt atyantaṃ priyatamaḥ iti padavācyaḥ| 1.āptavān -ka |

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1.śevadhiḥ - śevaṃ saṅkhaṃ dhīyate asmin iti śevadhiḥ |

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1.nidhiviśeṣaṇatvāt - viśiṣyate anena iti vyutpattyā viśeṣaṇaśabdaḥ viśeṣyaguṇaṃ bodhayati |

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1.urugāyam - uruścāsau gāyaśca urugāyaḥ | ururatra prabalavācī (mahatvavācī) | 1.kīrtim - ka |

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1.cetasaḥ - manasaḥ | sāntayetaśabdasya ṣaṣṭhyantaprayogo'yaṃ manasaḥ ityarthaḥ|

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1.ātmāntaryāmiṇam - ka | 2.samādhānam - ka |

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3.mattvā - dhyātvā - ka | 4.prayukta - ka |

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1.āhitaḥ - ā ityupasargapūrvakagatyarthaka hi dhātoḥ karmaṇi kta pratyayaḥ |

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2.praviṣṭa iti kartari - praveśanakartā pra ityupasargapūrvaka viśadhātūttara ktapratyayena bodhyate iti bhāvaḥ |

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3.svatantraḥ kartā - kriyāyāṃ svātantreṇa vivikto'rthaḥ kartā syāditi sūtrārthaḥ | svātantryaṃ dhātvarthavyāpārāśrayatvam| phalānukūlavyāpāro dhātvarthaḥ |

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1.vivṛtam - āvaraṇārthaka dhātoḥ vṛjaḥ vi ityupasargabalāt praveśārhatvam arthaḥ |

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2.dharmyam - dharmādanapetaṃ dharmyamityasyāḥ eva vyutpatteḥ dharmasādhyam ityādi vivaraṇamiti jñeyam | dharmapatyarthanyāyāt anapete (pā.sū.4-4-92) anena sūtreṇa anapetārthe yat pratyayaḥ |

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1.praśnasya uttara - ka |

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2.jīva eva - ka |

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1.pratyakṣaviṣayatopalakṣite etacchabdapravṛtteḥ - idamaḥ pratyakṣagataṃ samīpataravarti caitadorūpam iti pramāṇena pratyakṣagatavastunaḥ samīpataravartitve etacchabdena bodhanaṃ pratipāditam |

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1. prātibhāsikabhedanivṛttiḥ - atra prātibhāsika padaṃ vyāvahārikasyāpi upalakṣaṇam | prātibhāsikabhedaḥ śuktau rajatamityatreti aṅgīkārāt advaitibhiḥ |

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1.guhāmantre - ṛtaṃ pibantau ityārambhike mantre iti yāvat |

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1.prāpyatayā ca - ka | 2.ata eva - ka |

2.24-2.p74

1.tadā....paryatyakṣyata - liṅnimitte lṛṅ kriyātipattau iti sūtreṇa atra kriyātipattau lṛṅ āgataḥ | aśroṣyata, paryatyakṣyata iti lṛṅlakārau dhātū| liṅnimittaṃ hetuhetumadbhāvādi | kriyātipattiśca kriyā - aniṣpattiḥ iti yāvat |

2.24-2.p75

1.niṣkuṣṭaṃ - gṛhasamīpopavanam | niṣkuṭastu gṛhodyāne syāt kedārakavāyvoḥ |

2.24-2.p76

1.nanu - ka | 2.virodhaivilakṣaṇa virodhipraśnaḥ - ka | 3.na hi kiṃ - ka | 4. na brahma - ka |

2.24-2.p77

1.avagamyate - ka |

2.24-2.p78

2.prasaktānuprasaktyā - prasaṅgādāgataviṣayasya kiciṃdvarṇanaṃ prasaktānuprasaktiḥ |

2.24-2.p79

1.samāhāradvandvaḥ ataeva ekavadbhāvaḥ - cārthe dvandvaḥ ityanena dvandvasamāsaḥ vihitaḥ | cārthaḥ samāhāro'pi | samāhāro nāma parasparasāhityam | samūho viśeṣyam | samūhasya kriyānvayastu samūhidvārā bodhyaḥ | dviguḥ ekavacanamiti vārtikāt paraṃ samāhāragrahaṇaṃ kartavyamiti vārtikapāṭho'sti | sa napuṃsakamiti paścāt paṭhitam | tasmāt samāhāradvandvasya ekavacanatvaṃ napuṃsakatvaṃ ca | ekavadbhāvo nāma ekavacanatvam |

2.24-2.p80

2.dṛṣṭacaram - pūrva dṛṣṭaṃ dṛṣṭacaram | bhūtapūrve caraṭ iti sūtreṇa pūrvasya caraṭādeśaḥ vihitaḥ |

2.24-2.p81

3.spṛhayālave - spṛhāśīlāya | tacchīlyārthe atra āluc pratyayaḥ |

2.24-2.p82

1 .brahmacaryam - smaraṇaṃ kīrtanaṃ keliḥ prekṣaṇaṃ guhyabhāṣaṇam | saṃkalpo'dhyavasāyaṃ ca kriyānivṛttireva ca || etanmaithunamaṣṭāṅgaṃ pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ | viparītaṃ brahmacaryaṃ etadevāṣṭalakṣaṇam || (bra.vai.ga.khaṃ.4-75) | 1.svarūpasyāpya - ka |

Linked texts (1)

Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit