Kaṭha Upaniṣad 4.1

Kaṭhaprakāśikā (Raṅgarāmānuja) 4.1

Language: Sanskrit

4.1

[ sannihitasyāpi paramātmanaḥ ajñāne jīvasya indriyaparatantratā hetuḥ ]
prathamo mantraḥ
hariḥ om
parāñci khāni vyatṛṇat svayaṃbhūḥ tasmāt parāṅ paśyanti nāntarātman|
kaściddhīraḥ pratyagātmānamaikṣadāvṛttacakṣuramṛtatvamicchan ||

4.1.p1

pra.dī - pratyagātmasvarūpajñānavimukhān paśyan śocati - parāñci iti | svayambhūḥ - svatantraḥ paramātmā | parān - parānviṣayān prati añcati gacchatīti añcu gatipūjanayoḥ (dhā.pā. 188) iti dhātuḥ viṣayapravaṇāni khāni - khopalakṣitāni1 śrotrādīni indriyāṇi vyatṛṇat - sṛṣṭavān, upasargavaśāt dhātūnām anekārthatvāt2, tasmādindriyāṇāṃ viṣayapravaṇatvādeva parāṅ parāṃca iti yāvat | parāgbhūtān viṣayān, paśyati - paśyanti, na antarātman - antarātmānam ityarthaḥ | svebhyo vilakṣaṇaṃ pratyagātmānaṃ na paśyanti |

4.1.p2

kaściddhīraḥ - evaṃsvabhāve asminloke, yaḥ kaściddhīmān, amṛttvamicchan - mokṣocchussan, āvṛttacakṣuḥ - viṣayanivṛttacakṣuḥ śabdādisvasvaviṣayanivṛttendriyaḥ san, pratyagātmānam - dehādivilakṣaṇaṃ jīvātmasvarūpaṃ paśyati, manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu (bha.gī. 7-3) itivat, svasvarūpajñānaparo bhavatīti yāvat ||

4.1.p3

pra. - uttiṣṭhata jāgrata iti protsāhane'pi ātmasvarūpavimukhān paśyan śocati parāñci iti | khāni - indriyāṇi, parāñci parān

4.1.p4

añcatīti parāñci, paraprakāśakāni, na tu ātmaprakāśakāni | tatra hetuṃ vadan śocati vyatṛṇatsvayaṃbhūḥ - svatantra īśvaraḥ imāni khāni hiṃsitavān | tṛh hiṃsāyām (dhā.pā. 1447) iti dhātuḥ | yadvā dhātūnām anekārthatvāt parārthaprakāśakāni indriyāṇi sṛṣṭavān ityarthaḥ | tasmāt parāṅpaśyanti nāntarātman - parāṅ parācā iti yāvat | parāgrūpān anātmabhūtān paśyanti - upalabhante | antarātmānaṃ na ityarthaḥ | yadvā - parāṅbhūtāni bhūtvā viṣayāneva paśyanti ityarthaḥ | parāṅ paśyati iti pāṭhe lokābhiprāyam ekavacanam | īdṛśe'pi lokasvabhāve nadyāḥ pratisrotaḥ pravṛtta iva kaścit puruṣadhaureyaḥ pratyagātmapravaṇo'pi astītyāha - kaściddhīra iti | pratyañcamātmānaṃ paśyatītyarthaḥ | chāndasaṃ parasmaipadam | ata eva vartamānārthe laṅ upapattiśca | cakṣuśśabdaḥ indriyamātraparaḥ | svasvaviṣayavyāvṛttendriyo mumukṣuḥ ityarthaḥ ||

4.1.p5

ā.bhā. - ekatraiva sahendriyakalāpaiḥ antarātmā'pi tiṣṭhati; tathā'pi taṃ na sarvo janaḥ paśyati; tatkasya hetoḥ? itīmamarthaṃ vivicya prāguktaṃ paramātmatattvaṃ vivecayitumāha - khāni | kham - ākāśam, chidramiti yāvat | ‘khāni’ ityuktatvāt indriyāṇyapi khāni procyante | tāni parāñci - parān antarātmabhinnān bāhyān arthān, pratyañcanti prakāśanāya gacchantīti parāñci bāhyaviṣayāṇi kṛtvā, vyatṛṇat - hiṃsitavān | hiṃsā ca atra indriyāṇām antarātmaprakāśanasāmarthyaviraha eva |

4.1.p6

yadvā - vyatṛṇat akarot, bāhyārthaprakāśakānyeva khāni kṛtavān ityarthaḥ | tṛhadhātoḥ hiṃsārthakasyāpi karoti arthasvīkārāt dhātūnām anekārthatvāt | kaḥ evaṃ sṛṣṭavān? ityatrāha - svayambhūḥ | svayaṃ bhavatīti svayambhūḥ - sarvasvatantraḥ paramātmā ityarthaḥ | ata eva kathamevaṃ sṛṣṭavān? iti praśnasyāpi nāvakāśaḥ | svatantrasya paryanuyogānarhatvāt iti bhāvaḥ | tasmāt

4.1.p7

parārthaprakāśakasvabhāvatvāddhetoḥ taiḥ kāraṇabhūtaiḥ svairlokaḥ parāṅ - parāgrūpān arthān śabdādīn paśyati ityupalabhate, antarātman - antarātmānaṃ na paśyati | chāndaso dvitīyālopaḥ, ‘parāṅ ityatra | evaṃ svabhāveṣvapi lokeṣu kaściddhīraḥ prāgupārjitapuṇyabhāraprāptaparamātmaprasādaḥ adhikārī buddhimān jīvaḥ amṛtattvam icchan jātamokṣābhilāṣaḥ, āvṛttaścakṣuḥ āvṛttam - viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtam,cakṣuḥ yasya tādṛśaḥ | cakṣuḥpadam indriyāntarasyāpi upalakṣaṇam | ataḥ samākṛṣṭa indriyagrāmaḥ san pratyagātmānam | prati - pratikūlaṃ viṣayebhyaḥ añcatīti pratyak | sa ca asau ātmā pratyagātmā taṃ pratyagātmānam ityarthaḥ svabhāvata eva paramātmano viṣayapratikūlavṛttimattvāt aikṣat - paśyati | chandasi kālāvivakṣaṇāt, tata eva parasmaipadamapi bodhyam | na hi indriyāṇi santi iti sarvaiḥ paramātmā draṣṭuṃ śakyaḥ; labdhatadīyaprasāda eveti bhāvaḥ ||

4.1.p8

su. - atha prāpyatayā prāk prastutasya vivecanarūpā iyaṃ vallī | tatra ādau saha nivasantamapi antarātmānaṃ kimiti anavagatya sīdanti, satyapi karaṇagrāme? ityatrāha - khāni iti | khāni - indriyāṇi | yadyapi na ekaṃ kham, santi ca daśa khāni, kiṃ taiḥ arthaprakāśanasvabhāvairapi indriyaiḥ, yadi imāni parāñci vidhāya, vyatṛṇat svayambhūḥ - parāgarthaikaprakāśanasvabhāvatayā vidhāya, hiṃsitavān | arthaprakāśakam iti

Linked texts (1)

Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit