Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad 3.1
Muṇḍakopaniṣad 3.1
- Language
- Sanskrit
3.1.1
dvā suparṇā sayujā sakhāyā samānaṃ vṛkṣaṃ pariṣasvajāte.
tayor anyaḥ pippalaṃ svādv atty anaśnann anyo 'bhicākaśīti.
1. Two birds, fast bound companions,
Clasp close the self-same tree.
Of these two, the one eats sweet fruit;
The other looks on without eating.
3.1.2
samāne vṛkṣe puruṣo nimagno 'nīśayā śocati muhyamānaḥ.
juṣṭaṃ yadā paśyaty anyam īśam asya mahimānam iti vītaśokaḥ.
2. On the self-same tree a person, sunken,
Grieves for his impotence, deluded;
When he sees the other, the Lord (īś), contented,
And his greatness, he becomes freed from sorrow.
3.1.3
yadā paśyaḥ paśyate rukmavarṇaṃ kartāram īśaṃ puruṣaṃ brahmayonim.
tadā vidvān puṇyapāpe vidhūya nirañjanaḥ paramaṃ sāmyam upaiti.
3. When a seer sees the brilliant
Maker, Lord, Person, the Brahma-source,
Then, being a knower, shaking off good and evil,
Stainless, he attains supreme identity (sāmya) [with Him].
3.1.4
prāṇo hy eṣa yaḥ sarvabhūtair vibhāti vijānan vidvān bhavate nātivādī.
ātmakrīḍa ātmaratiḥ kriyāvān eṣa brahmavidāṃ variṣṭhaḥ.
4. Truly, it is Life (Prāṇa) that shines forth in all things!
Understanding this, one becomes a knower. There is no superior speaker.
Having delight in the Soul (Ātman), having pleasure in the Soul, doing the rites,
Such a one is the best of Brahma-knowers.
3.1.5
satyena labhyas tapasā hy eṣa ātmā samyagjñānena brahmacaryeṇa nityam.
antaḥśarīre jyotirmayo hi śubhro yaṃ paśyanti yatayaḥ kṣīṇadoṣāḥ.
5. This Soul (Ātman) is obtainable by truth, by austerity (tapas),
By proper knowledge (jñāna), by the student's life of chastity (brahmacarya) constantly [practised].
Within the body, consisting of light, pure is He
Whom the ascetics (yati), with imperfections done away, behold.
3.1.6
satyam eva jayati nānṛtaṃ satyena panthā vitato devayānaḥ.
yenākramanty ṛṣayo hy āptakāmā yatra tat satyasya paramaṃ nidhānam.
6. Truth alone conquers, not falsehood. By truth is laid out the path leading to the gods (_devayāna_) By which the sages whose desire is satisfied ascend To where is the highest repository of truth.
3.1.7
bṛhac ca tad divyam acintyarūpaṃ sūkṣmāc ca tat sūkṣmataraṃ vibhāti.
dūrāt sudūre tad ihāntike ca paśyatsv ihaiva nihitaṃ guhāyām.
7. Vast, heavenly, of unthinkable form,
And more minute than the minute, It shines forth.
It is farther than the far, yet here near at hand,
Set down in the secret place [of the heart], even here among those who behold [It].
3.1.8
na cakṣuṣā gṛhyate nāpi vācā nānyair devais tapasā karmaṇā vā.
jñānaprasādena viśuddhasattvas tatas tu taṃ paśyate niṣkalaṃ dhyāyamānaḥ.
8. Not by sight is It grasped, not even by speech,
Not by any other sense-organs (_deva_), austerity, or work.
By the peace of knowledge (_jñāna-prasāda_), one's nature purified—
In that way, however, by meditating, one does behold Him who is without parts.
3.1.9
eṣo 'ṇur ātmā cetasā veditavyo yasmin prāṇaḥ pañcadhā saṃviveśa.
prāṇaiś cittaṃ sarvam otaṃ prajānāṃ yasmin viśuddhe vibhavaty eṣa ātmā.
9. That subtile Soul (Ātman) is to be known by thought (_cetas_)
Wherein the senses (_prāṇa_) fivefoldly have entered.
The whole of men's thinking is interwoven with the senses.
When that is purified, the Soul (Ātman) shines forth.
3.1.10
yaṃ yaṃ lokaṃ manasā saṃvibhāti viśuddhasattvaḥ kāmayate yāṃś ca kāmān.
taṃ taṃ lokaṃ jayate tāṃś ca kāmāṃs tasmād ātmajñaṃ hy arcayed bhūtikāmaḥ.
10. Whatever world a man of purified nature makes clear in mind,
And whatever desires he desires for himself—
That world he wins, those desires too.
Therefore he who is desirous of welfare should praise the knower of the Soul (Ātman).
Translations (2)
- The Thirteen Principal Upanishads — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, English
- The Upanishads, Part II (SBE 15) — Friedrich Max Müller 1884, English
Commentaries (4)
- Muṇḍakopaniṣadbhāṣya — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit
- Muṇḍakaprakāśikā (Raṅgarāmānuja) — Raṅgarāmānuja Muni 1500, Sanskrit
- Padapāṭha (sandhi-resolved text, TITUS) — Sanskrit
- Commentary of Upaniṣadbrahmayogin — Upaniṣadbrahmayogin 1700, Sanskrit
Linked texts (2)
- With Śaṅkara's bhāṣya (Sansknet input) — Sanskrit
- Prabhañjana — Viṭṭhalanātha 1518, Sanskrit