Yāska's Nirukta 4.5

4.5

āha-konyathā bravīti yenaivamucyate ' śākaṭāyana evamāheti ' ? | śṛṇu--“
| uccāścāvacāśca uccāvacāḥ, bahuprakārā ityarthaḥ | eṣāmupasargapadānāṃmarthāḥ padārthā bhavanti viyuktānāmapi nāmākhyātābhyāmiti gārgyaḥ ācāryo ' manyate ' iti vākyaśeṣaḥ || ekaiko'pyeṣāṃ prādīnāṃ nāmākhyātaviyoge'pi anekārtha ityabhiprāyaḥ | tadyathā- 'pra-ityādikarmīdīṇāṃ bhṛśārthe ' ityabhidhāna śaktirastyevetyevamādyupalakṣitavyaṃ lakṣaṇaśāstre || yat punaretaduktam ' varṇavad ' iti, ' anabhyupagamādayukam ' na hyabhyupagatamasmābhiretad 'anarthakā varṇāḥ ' iti | sāmānyā hi varṇeṣvabhidhānaśaktirastyeva | yathā mṛdovayaveṣu sarvamṛnmayabhāṇḍārambhaśaktiḥ | sā tu padatvena samuditānāmarthaviśeṣe'vatiṣṭhate | yathā mṛdo'vayavānāṃ ghaṭe ghaṭārambhaśaktirabhivyajyate evam| tatra yaduktaṃ “varṇavadanarthakā upasargāḥ, nāmākhyātaviyogāt-” iti, etadayuktam | api ca-varṇairanarthakairābhyamāṇaṃ padamapyanarthakameva syāt | na hyaśukaistantubhirārabhyamāṇaḥ paṭaḥ śuklo bhavati | tataśca padairanarthakairābhyamāṇaṃ vākyamanarthakameva syāt | vākyaiścānarthakairārabdhaṃ śāstramapyanarthakameva syāt | tataścābhyudayaniḥśreyasārtho yo'yamabhyudyamaḥ svapratyayena viduṣāmayamanarthaka eva syāt | aniṣṭaṃ caitat | tasmādarthavanto varṇā ityupapannam || yat punaretaduktaṃ---' pradīpavadanarthakā upasargāḥ' iti | tatrocyate--pradīpo'pi svenārthena prakāśākhyenārthavāneva satyāpa cārthavattve prakāśyamarthamādhārabhūtaṃ pratyāyayan svāṃ prakāśanaśaktimabhivyanakti | evamupasargā arthavanto'pi santaḥ svārthābhidhānaśaktimanekaprakārāṃ vidyamānāmapi svārthābhidhānaśaktyādhārabhūte nāmākhyāte pratyāyya abhiv‍yañjayeyuḥ || tatra yadukam [ 'pradīpavadanarthakā upasargāḥ' iti, etadayuktam ]--' nāmākhyātayorevāsāvartha upasargasaṃyoge sati upajāyate' iti | tatra brūmaḥ--na hi loke yo yatra samartho bhavati, sa tatrānyamapekṣate | nāmākhyāte cārthaviśeṣaṃ pratyupasargasaṃyogamapekṣete | tasmādupapannamupasargasya kriyāviśeṣo'rthaḥ | kriyāsāmānyamātramākhyātasyeti |