Yāska's Nirukta 12
Niruktavṛtti 12
- Language
- Sanskrit
12.1
svapakṣamidānīṃ sthāpayiṣyāmaḥ, tadarthamidamārabhyate,-“ arthavantaḥ śabdasāmānyāt” iti | arthavanta eva mantrā iti pratijñā | heturucyate-śabdasāmānyāditi | samāna eva hi śabdo loke mantreṣu ca | tathā ca, ya evam̐ gośabdo loke svarasaṃskārasaṃyuktaḥ sa eva mantreṣvapi | tatraivaṃ sati sa evārthavān loke, sa eva cānarthako mantreṣviti viśeṣaheturnāsti | asati ca viśeṣahetāvarthavanta eva mantrāḥ śabdasāmānyādityapapadyate || yatpunaretaduktam-‘prayoganiyamālloke'rthavattvaṃ prayoganiyamācca mantrāṇāmānarthakyam’ | iti, tat prati vakṣyāma etat | loke'pi hi prayoganiyamo dṛṣṭaḥ | tadyathā-pitāputrāviti |
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12.2
kiñcānyat,-“etadvai yajñasya samṛddhaṃ yadrūpasamṛddhaṃ yat karma kriyamāṇamṛgyajurvābhivadatīti ca brāhmaṇam|” etadeva hi yajñasya karmaṇaḥ samṛddham | tat kim iti ? ucyateyadrūpasamṛddham mantraliṅgairabhidhīyate, tadeva hi samastavṛddhyā yuktaṃ bhavati, netarat | etadeva sutarāṃ spaṣṭīkaroti-yat karma kriyamāṇamṛgyajurvābhivadatīti ca brāhmaṇam iti | śabdasāmānyād brāhmaṇaprāmāṇyāñceti ca śabdaḥ | brāhmaṇamapi ca mantrāṇāmarthavattvameva darśayati | anarthakā hi santaḥ kathaṃ karmābhivadeyuḥ ? kathaṃ vo'nabhivadantaḥ samarddhayeyuḥ ? arthavattvaṃ cobhyupagataṃ bhavatā brāhmaṇasya ‘athāpi brāhmaṇena rūpasampannā vidhīyante’ iti | atra brāhmaṇena siddhamevārthavattvamuktaṃ mantrāṇām | tadetadupadarśitamasmābhistasmādarthavanta eva mantrā iti |
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12.3
āha-kiṃ punaḥ samṛddharūpatve mantrāṇāmudāharaṇam ? ucyate-“krīḷantau”-iti | “i̱haiva staṃ mā vi yau̍ṣṭaṃ viśva̱māyu̱rvya̍śnutam | krīḷa̍ntau pu̱trairnaptṛ̍bhi̱rmoda̍mānau̱ sve gṛ̱he ||” ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 3, 38, 1 ) |
sūryāyā ārṣam | vivāhe viniyuktā anuṣṭup || 'ihaiva' 'staṃ' bhavataṃ yuvāṃ, 'sve gṛhe' 'modamānau' harṣamāṇau 'mā viyauṣṭam' mā caḥ viyujyethām | 'viśvaṃ' sarvam 'āyuḥ' 'vyaśnutaṃ' 'krīḷantau' krīḍantau 'putraiḥ' 'naptṛbhiḥ' pautraiśca sahetyāśīḥ | sthāpitamarthavattvaṃ mantrāṇām |
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12.4
adhunā parapakṣe hetavo nirākartavyāḥ, tadarthamidamāha- "yatho etat" iti || yat punaretaduktam- "niyatavācoyuktayaḥ, niyatānupūrvyā bhavanti iti" | atra brūmaḥ"laukikeṣvapi" hi arthavatsu śabdeṣu niyatavācoyuktitvaṃ niyatānupūrvyatvañca dṛṣṭameva | "etadyathā indrāgnī" iti "pitāputrāviti" ca || tatra, -yadukaṃ niyatavācoyuktitvānniyatānupūrvyatvāccānarthākā mantrā iti | etadayuktam, laukikeṣvapi hi niyata prayogāḥ santaḥ śabdāḥ kecidarthavanto dṛṣṭāḥ, yathendrāgnī pitāputrāviti | sa eṣa prayoganiyamādanarthakā mantrā ityanaikāntiko hetuḥ | tasmādarthavanta eveti |
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12.5
" yatho etat" yat punaretaduktam,-" brāhmaṇena rūpasampannā vidhīyanta iti "| atra brūmaḥ- "uditānuvādaḥ sa bhavati " | na [nāma ] samarthā ātmānameva [ete ] svena rūpeṇa vidhātumityato brāhmaṇena vidhīyaṃte, kintarhi ? ātmaniyogāśrayamuktameva santaṃ mantreṇārthaṃ brāhmaṇamanuvakti vistareṇa prakṛtārthasantuṣṭuṣayā | na hyanūktaṃ stotuṃ śakyate, so'yamevamuditasyānuvāda eva bhavati, uktānuvāda ityarthaḥ | api cāneke'pi samānaliṅgāḥ prakaraṇe mantrā bhavanti | te hyahampūrvikayā ekaṃ prayogaṃ prati 'khale kapota'-vat sampatanti, teṣāṃ samuccaye vikalpe ca prāpte sati abhimata eko niyamārthaṃ brāhmaṇena vidhīyate | evamubhayorarthavattvaṃ mantrabrāhmaṇayoḥ || tatra yaduktam--rūpasampannavidhānānmantrānarthakyam, mantrārthavattve vā brāhmaṇānarthakyamiti, etadayuktam | tasmādubhayamarthavat-mantrāśca brāhmaṇaṃ ceti 1 |
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12.6
"yatho etat” yat punaretaduktam, - 'oṣadhe trāyasvainam, svadhite mainahim̐sī:'ityādayaḥ "anupapannārthā bhavanti |” atra brūmaḥ-oṣadhyadhidevatorucyate, he oṣadhe ! trāyasvainam, tvatpūrvoko hyeṣa vṛkṣaśchidyamānaḥ samyak chinno bhaviṣyati, tataśca yajñe viniyuktaḥ | ativiśiṣṭamutkarṣametasmātsthāvaratvāt prāpsyata ityetadatra trāṇamabhipretyoktam'oṣadhe trāyasvainam' iti, 'na cchedanaṃ pratipatsyate'yam' ityanenābhiprāyeṇa | tasmādupapannārtha evāyam | tatra yaduktam' anupapannārthā ityevamādayo mantrāḥ' iti, etadayuktamiti ||
yadapi coktam-‘svadhite maina hiṃsīrityāha hiṃsan' iti | atra brūmaḥ--“āmnāyavacanādahiṃsā” eṣā “pratīyeta” | āha katharmāhaṃsā ? pratyakṣato hi chidyate vṛkṣaḥ | śṛṇu-iyamahiṃsā iyaṃ hiṃsā--ityāgamādetat pratīyate | prativiśiṣṭaścāyameva vaidika āmnāya āgamaḥ, etatpūrvakatvādanyeṣāmāgamānām | sa eṣa kṛtsnasya jagataḥ, prativiśiṣṭāya śreyase'bhyudyataḥ san hiṃsāyāṃ karttāraṃ viniyokṣyata iti kuta etat punariyarmāhaṃsaiva ! yato'syāṃ niyunākta kartāram | tadetadāgamapratyakṣameva yatheyarmāhaṃseti | api caitadoṣadhivanaspatipaśumṛgapakṣisarīsṛpāḥ samyagupayuktāḥ santo yajñe paramutkarṣaṃ prāpnuvaṃti | so'yamabhyudaya eva sampadyate, na hiṃsā || tatra yaduktam- 'mainaṃ hiṃsīrityāha hiṃsan' iti, na hyasau hinasti | kintarhi ? anugṛhṇāti yajñe viniyogārthaṃ vidhānataḥ chindan | tasmādupapannārthamevamapi | tatra yaduktam 'anupapannārthattvādanarthakā mantrāḥ' iti, etadayuktamiti 1 |
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12.7
"yatho etat” yat punaretaduktam-"vipratiṣiddhārthā bhavanti" iti | atra brūmaḥ-naiṣa vipratiṣiddho'rthaḥ-“eka eva rudro'vatasthe" “asaṃkhyātā sahasrāṇi”--iti, devatā hi māhābhāgyayogādekāpi satyanekadhā bhavati, anekāpi caikadhā, tadupāraṣṭād vyākhyāsyāmaḥ 'māhābhāgyāddevatāyāḥ (dai0 kā0 7, 1, 4)” ityatra ||
yat punaretaduktam-“aśatrurindra jajñiṣe” “śataṃ senā ajayat sākamindraḥ”--iti |
atra brūmaḥ- "laukikeṣvapi" arthavatsu śabdeṣu "etat" evamevocyamānaṃ dṛṣṭam | tad yathā"asapatnò'yaṃ brāhmaṇo'namitro rājeti" | na hi kaścidasapatno'sti loke | uktaṃ hi'munerapi vanasthasya svāni karmāṇi kurvataḥ | utpadyante trayaḥ pakṣā mitrodāsīnaśatravaḥ ||' iti | tathāpi svalpasapatnaṃ dṛṣṭvā kecidevaṃ vaktāro bhavanti- 'asapatno'yaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ' iti | evameva kasmiṃścidatipravṛddhe bhṛśaṃ pautite meghe'nyeṣāmasāratāmabhipretyaidamukttaṃ syāt"aśatrurindra jajñiṣe yastvāmetamevamatipravṛddhamahamahim"- iti || yat punaretaduktam,-'śataṃ senā ajayan' iti | atra brūmaḥ--kuto hi senāḥ, yā indro jevyati ? na hi devānāṃ śatravaḥ santi, ye jetavyā iti | kiṃ kāraṇam ? vibhavo devā vaśinaḥ adhikaraṇadharmāṇaśca pareṇa mahimnā yuktāḥ || āha- kathaṃ tarhi 'śataṃ senā ajayat' ityetaduktam? ucyate-rūpakalpanayaivaiṣā yuddhapravādau stutiḥ | vakṣyati ca- apāṃ ca jyotiṣaśca miśrībhāvakarmaṇo varṣakarma jāyate, tatropamārthe na yuddhavarṇā bhavanti (naiga 0. kā 0 2. 5, 2)" iti | tadetad bhavatā na samyag dṛśyate, samyaganviṣyatāṃ devatāsatattvaṃ nairuktebhyaḥ, tato mantrārthā na virodhena mabhyagavabhotsyase | naivamavākyatattvajñena mantrārtho vigarhituṃ śakyaḥ | gambhīrapadārtho hi vedaḥ kathamavalokyate kathamavabhotsyate ? vedārthavivodhāviśrāntā eva hi pravādinaḥ svabuddhilāghavamāvirbhāvayanto brāhmaṇāḥ santaḥ sarvavarṇasādhāraṇāni darśanāntarāṇi pratipedire || yaduktam- 'vipratiṣiddhārthatvānnarthakā mantrāḥ' iti | etadayuktam, na hīme vipratiṣiddhārthāḥ || bhavata eṣa mativibhramo mandaśikṣitatvāt | tasmārdarthavanta eva mantrā iti |
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12.8
"yatho etat” yat punaruktam, "jānantaṃ sampreṣyatīti" || atra brūmaḥ--laukikeṣvapyarthavatsu śabdeṣu etadeva svābhāvyaṃ dṛṣṭam | tadyathā-"jānantam” gurum “abhivādayate” svagotramabhivadan | tathā ca "jānate madhuparkaṃ prāha" trirmadhuparko madhuparko madhuparkaḥ iti | tadetadarthavatsvapi śabdeṣu vihitārthakhyāpanārthaśabdasāmānyādarthavanto mantrā iti |
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12.9
“yatho etat” yat punaretaduktam,-athāpyāha–“aditiḥ sarvamiti” | atra brūmaḥdvividhā hi śabdapravṛttiḥ, mukhyā[rthā] gauṇī ceti | tatraivaṃ sati yatra mukhyā'sambhavastatra gauṇyāśrīyate | sa eṣa bhaktivādaḥ--aditiḥ sarvam-iti, yathā kaścid brūyāt kañcidanekopakāre pravṛttam–‘tvameva me mātā, tvaṃ me pitā’ | evametadapi draṣṭavyam | “laukikeṣvapi” cāryavatsu śabdeṣu “etat” uccamānaṃ dṛṣṭam, “yathā sarvarasā anuprāptāḥ pānīyamiti” | tato hi teṣāṃ prabhava iti, anayā guṇavṛttyā evamucyate, evamihāpi guṇavṛttyā kayācidaditeḥ sarvatvamucyate || yaduktamitaretaraviruddhaṃ kimapi brahmeti, etadayuktam | sarvametadupapadyata eva guṇavṛttyā | tasmādarthavanta eva sarve mantrā iti |
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12.10
“yatho etat” yat punaretaduktam,--athāpi-“avispaṣṭārthā bhavantīti” | atra brūmaḥ-“naiṣa sthāṇoraparādhaḥ” iti | na hyatra sthāṇuraparādhyati “yadenaṃ” sthāṇum “andho na paśyati” yadatrāsāvabhihanyate | kintarhi ? “puruṣāparādhaḥ sa bhavati” puruṣa evāparādhī tatra, yadasāvacakṣuṣmān | evamihāpi naiṣa mantrāṇāmaparādho yadaśikṣitena bhavatā na vijñāyante, bhavata evāparādho'sti, yo (bho) bhavān sarvamātmīyamaparādhaṃ mantreṣvasmāsu vā saṃyojayitumicchati, na tvaiva praśāsti kiñcit || “yathā jānapadīṣu” : kāsucit pravṛttiṣu itikarttavyatāsu kauśalaśikṣākṛtaḥ “vidyātaḥ puruṣaviśeṣo bhavati” | puruṣāṇāṃ viśeṣaḥ | evamihāpi mantrārthaśikṣākauśalakṛtaḥ puruṣāṇāṃ vijñānaviśeṣo bhavatyeva | tatraivaṃ sati kecit puruṣāḥ [ ye ] suvispaṣṭārthānapi mantrān na śaknuvanti nirvaktum, apare punaravispaṣṭārthānapi śaknuvanti vispaṣṭīkartum | taduktam-“ uta tvaḥ ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 2, 23, 4 | naigha0 kā0 1, [ 6, ] 3)”-ityatra || tatraivaṃ sati “pārovarṣyavitsu tu khalu veditṛṣu bhūyovidyaḥ praśasyo bhavati”-iti| ye ete pārovarṣyavido brāhmaṇāḥ, pārovaryyeṇa vijānanti ācāryyaparamparayā-te pārova-
ntyaividaḥ, na sākṣātkṛtadharmāṇa ityabhiprāyaḥ | kiṃ teṣām ? teṣāṃ ya eva bhūyovidyo bhavati bahuśrutaḥ kaścit sa eva praśasyate | sa eva mantrārthavijñāto praśasyo bhavati, netaro mandabuddhiraśikṣitaḥ | sa hi bahuśruto bahudṛṣṭatvādanekaviṣaye mantrārthe na kvacit pratibadhyaite, na hi tasyāvispaṣṭārtho nāma kaścidasti | tasmāddhetoḥ sa tvaṃ bahu śṛṇu, tataḥ samyagavabhotsyase mantrārthān || tatra yaduvācaḥ-'avispaṣṭārthā mantrāḥ' iti | na hi te avispaṣṭārthāḥ, tāṃścopariṣṭāt spaṣṭīkṛtya vyākhyāsyāmahe | tavaiṣa matiṃ vibhramayati sammohaḥ | tasmārdarthavanta eva mantrā iti siddham | tasmāccaitadapi śāstraṃ mantrārthapratyayāyārabhyamāṇamarthavadeva bhavatīti siddhaḥ śāstrārambhaḥ || tatra yaduktaṃ-'yadi mantrārthapratyayāyānarthakaṃ bhavatīti' iti, etadayuktam | iti prabhinneṣu parasyai hetuṣu svapakṣasiddhāvutthite ca kāraṇe avasthitā mantragaṇasya sārthatā | tadarthametat khalu śāstramarthavaditi |
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Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit