Yāska's Nirukta 16
Niruktavṛtti 16
- Language
- Sanskrit
16.1
"athāpyantavyāpattirbhavati oṃ ogho megho nādho gādho vadhūrmadhviti”| | 'vaha
prāpaṇe (bhū0 pa0 )' tasyāntavyāpattyā oghaḥ | 'miha secane (bhū0 pa0 ) tasya meghaḥ | 'ṇaha bandhane (di0 u0), tasya nādhaḥ | 'gāhū viloḍane (bhū0 ā0 ), tasya gādhaḥ | 'vaha prāpaṇe (bhū0 u0 )' tasya vadhūḥ | 'mada tṛptau (cu0 ā0 )' tasya madhu|
16.2
"athāpi varṇopajana āsthad dvāro bharūjeti" | 'asu kṣepaṇe (di0 pa0 )' tasya āsthat varṇopajanena | 'vṛtūm̐ sambhaktau (krayā0 ā0 )' tasya dvāraḥ | 'bhraॅsja pāke (tu0 ubha0 )' tasya bharūjā evaṃ vyākaraṇe'pi lakṣaṇapradhāne sati arthavaśena lopāgamau vipariṇāmaśca śabdānāṃ dṛṣṭaḥ, kimuta nirukte yadarthapradhānameva | tasmāt sādhūktam,-"athānvite'rthe'prādeśike vikāre'rthanityaḥ parīkṣeta kenacid vṛttisāmānyenāvidyamāne sāmānye'pyakṣaravarṇasāmānyānnibrūyāt vibhaktīḥ, api yathārthaṃ sannamayet"-iti || evamayamādimadhyāntalopa ādimadhyāntavikāro varṇalopo dvivarṇalopa ādiviparyaya ādyantaviparyayo varṇopajanaśchandasi bhāṣāyāṃ ca draṣṭavyāḥ, dṛṣṭvā ca yathāsambhavamanuvidheyam |
16.3
ataḥ paraṃ samprasāraṇacintā varttiṣyate, tadarthamidamārabhyate,-"tadyatra svarādanantarāntasthāntardhātu bhavati tad dviprakṛtīnāṃ sthānamiti pradiśanti" | samprasāryaprakṛtayaścāsamprasāryaprakṛtayaścobhayaprakṛtayaśca dhātavaḥ | tatraivaṃ satyubhayaprakṛtiṣu svaśāstraviṣayagataṃ yadvaktavyaṃ tat idamucyata iti paryupayuktastacchabdaḥ | āha-idameva tāvaducyatāmubhayaprakṛtīnāṃ kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti ? ucyate-yatra yasmin dhātau svarāt akārādeḥ anantarā anantarhitā anyena vyañjanena, parā vā pūrvā antasthā yaralavānāmanyatamo varṇaḥ antardhātu dhātumadhye bhavati | kiṃ tatra ? tat etadeva lakṣaṇaṃ dhāturūpaṃ hi dviprakṛtīnāṃ dvikhabhāvānāṃ śabdānāṃ sthānam āśraya iti evamācāryāḥ pradiśanti pravibhāgenopadiśanti | tadyathā-'yaja devapūjāsaṅgatikaraṇadāneṣu (bhṛ0 u0 )-iti | atra dve śabdaprakṛtī bhavataḥ | samprasāraṇapakṣe tāvatiṣṭavān, iṣṭiḥ, iṣṭvā, etāḥ śabdaprakṛtayo bhavanti | asamprasāraṇapakṣe punaḥ-yaṣṭā, yaṣṭuṃ, yaṣṭavyamityetāḥ |
16.4
"tatra siddhāyāmanupapadyamānāyāmitarayopapipādadhiṣet” | tatra evaṃ sati ekaprakāreṇa siddhāyām arthasiddhau anupapadyamānāyām, itarathā upapipādayiṣet upapāṃdayitumicche dartham || dvayoḥ samprasāraṇāsamprasāraṇaprakṛtyoryathaivopapadyate'rthastathaivopapādayet | athavābhayathāpyanupapadyamāne'rthe svayamutpādya nirddhāryya yathāyathopapadyetārthaḥ tathāthopapādayedarthalakṣaṇaśāstravihitenārthasādhanopāyena, arthasya pradhānatvāt |
16.5
“tatrāpyeke'lpaniṣpattayo bhavanti" tatrāpi etasminnapi samprasāraṇalakṣaṇe sati eke dhātavaḥ alpaniṣpattayo bhavanti alpeṣu śabde rūpeṣu samprasāraṇaprakṛtirabhiniṣpadyate tadapyupekṣitavyam || "tadyathaitadūtirmṛduḥ pṛthuḥ pṛṣataḥ kuṇārumiti” | tadyathā etadudāharaṇajātam - ūtiḥ, mṛduḥ, pṛthuḥ, pṛṣataḥ, kuṇārum-iti | avatergatyarthasya (bhū0 pa0) ktipratyaye parataḥ ‘chvoḥ śūḍanunāsike ca (6, 4, 19)’ iti varttamāne ‘jvaratvaraśriyvimavāmupadhāyāśca (6, 4, 20 )'—ityūḍbhāvaḥ kriyate, tata ūtiriti bhavati | ‘mṛda mardane (bhū0 ā0 )' tasya mṛduḥ, rephaḥ samprasāryyamāṇa ṛkāro bhavati | evameva ‘pratha prakhyāne (bhū0 ā0 )’ tasya pṛthuḥ | 'pṛṣa dohe (bhū0 pa0 )' tasya pṛṣataḥ | ‘kaṇaḥ śabdārthaḥ (bhū0 pa0 )’ kuṇāruḥ |
16.6
evamayamapi samprasāryyāsamprasāryyaviśeṣaḥ parijñeyaḥ śabdān nirbruvatā puṃsā- "athāpi bhāṣikebhyo dhātubhyo naigamāḥ kṛto bhāṣyante” athāpi idamaparamupekṣitavyamanena śabdān nirbuvatā | āha-kim iti ? ucyate-bhāṣikebhyo dhātubhyaḥ | bhāṣāyāṃ ye prāyeṇa prasiddhaprayogāste bhāṣikāstebhyaḥ | naigamāḥ chandoviṣayāḥ | kṛtaḥ kṛtpratyayāntāḥ śabdāḥ | bhāṣyante vipriyante nirucyanta ityarthaḥ | tadyathā,-"damūnāḥ kṣetrasādhā iti” | 'dama upaśame (di0 pa0 )' tasya bhāṣāyāṃ dāmyati anaḍḍān, damayati anaḍvāham,
dāntaḥ anaṅghān-ityevamādayaḥ prayogā bhavanti, chandasi punaḥ damūnā abhraṃrucyate sa bhāṣāśabdasāmānyena kenacinnirvaktavyāḥ-damamanā ityevamādinā | evameva sādhyate bhāṣāprāyovṛtteḥ sādhyā iti | “mitraṃ na kṣetrasādhasaṃm ( ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 2, 40, 4 )”ityevamādayo mitramiva kṣetrasādhayitāramityevamādinā prakāreṇa nirvaktavyāḥ |
16.7
“athāpi naigamebhyo bhāṣikā uṣṇaṃ ghṛtamiti” nigame chandasi ye prāyovṛttyā prasiddhāḥ tebhyaḥ sāmānyaṃ gṛhītvā bhāṣikāḥ kṛtapratyayāntā bhāṣyante vivriyante | tadyathā---uṣṇaṃ ghṛtamiti | ‘uṣa dāhe ( bhū0 pa0 )’ eṣa prāyeṇa chandasi prasiddhaḥ,“pratyuṣṭa̱ᳵ rakṣa̱ᳵ pratyu̍ṣṭā arā̍tayaḥ ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 1, 7 ) ”—ityevamādi | bhāṣāyāṃ punaruṣṇamiti śrūyate | sa eṣa naigamaśabdasāmānyena nirvaktavyaḥ | evameva ‘ghṛ kṣaraṇadīptyoḥ (° bhū0 pa0 )’ tasya chandasi “ā tvā̍ jigharmi ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 11, 23 )”— ityādiṣu siddhaḥ prayogaḥ, bhāṣāyāṃ punarghṛtamiti śrūyate | sa evaṃ jigharttereva cchāndasasya sāmānye nirvaktavyaḥ | eva bhāṣāviṣayebhyaśchandoviṣayā nirvaktavyāḥ,chandoviṣayebhyaśca bhāṣāviṣayāḥ |
athāpīdamaparamupekṣitavyamanena śabdān nirbruvatā | āha -kim iti ? ucyate-“athāpi prakṛtaya evaikeṣu bhāṣyante vikṛtaya ekeṣu” | ekeṣu deśeṣu prakṛtaya eva dhātuśabdānā bhāṣyante, vikṛtaya ekeṣu | dhātorakhyātapadabhāvena yaḥ prayogaḥ, sā prakṛtiḥ | nāmībhūtasya tasyaiva yaḥ prayogaḥ, sā vikṛtiḥ ||
16.8
sa eṣaḥ “śavatirgatikarmā” gatyartho dhātuḥ | “kambojeṣveva bhāṣyate” mleccheṣu prakṛtyā prayujyate, ākhyātapadabhāvena | śavati gacchatītyarthaḥ | udāharaṇaviśeṣaprasaktaḥ kambojaśabdo nirucyate, - “kambojāḥ kambalabhojāḥ” te hi prāyeṇa kambalānupabhuñjate, himaprāyatvāttasya deśasya | “kamanīyabhojā vā” kamanīyāni prārthanīyāni caite hi dravyāṇi upabhuñjate pracuraratno hi sa deśa iti || kambalaśabdaṃ vigrahaprasaktaṃ nirbrūvīti, - “kambalaḥ kamanīyo bhavati” prārthanīyo hi sa śītārtairbhavati || “vikāramasyāryeṣu bhāṣante śava iti” āryeṣu janapadeṣu 'asyaiva śavatervikāraṃ bhāṣante, mṛtakanāmadheyabhūte prete prayuñjate, katham ? śava iti | evamekeṣvākhyātastha eva prayujyate, nāmībhūta ekeṣu ityetat prakṛtitvaṃ vikāratvaṃ ca || athavā cetanāvatsvekeṣu gamanakriyāyogini dravye prayujyate, ekeṣu punaścetanarahita eva, -ityetat prakṛtitvaṃ vikāratvaṃ ca ||
dvitīyamudāharaṇam--“dātirlavanārthe prācyeṣu” | dātirdhāturakhyātastho lavanārthe prācyeṣu janapadeṣu prayujyate | tadyathā-brīhīn dāti, yavān dāti | ayameva nāmībhūtaḥ “udīcyeṣu” janapadeṣu prayujyate “dātram” iti | dīyate aneneti dātram, lūyata ityarthaḥ |
16.9
“evamekapadāni nirbrūyāt” anenaiva prakāreṇa ekapadāni nirbrūyāt, - bhāṣānigamavyavasthayā vā deśabhāṣāprasiddhivibhāgena vā |
16.10
āha-evaṃ tāvadataddhitayukteṣu padeṣu asamāsayukteṣu ca nirvacanam | atha punaryāni taddhitayuktāni samāsayuktāni ca padāni, tāni kathaṃ nirvaktavyāni ? kiṃ taddhitayukteṣu padeṣu pūrvaṃ padārtho nirvaktavyaḥ, uta taddhitārthaḥ ? samāsayukteṣvapi kiṃ padārthaḥ pūrvam, uta samāsārtho vā pūrvam ? iti | ucyate-“atha taddhitasamāseṣvekaparvasu cānekaparvasu ca pūrvaṃ pūrvamaparamaparaṃ pravibhajya nirbrūyāt” | athaśabdo viśeṣādhikārārthaḥ |
'taddhitāḥ (pā0 4, 1, 76 )'—ityadhikṛtya ye pratyayā vihitāḥ, te taddhitāḥ, 'samarthaḥ padavidhiḥ (pā0 2, 1, 1)'—ityadhikṛtya ye vihitāḥ, te samāsāḥ | teṣūbhayeṣvapi taddhitasamāseṣu aviśeṣeṇa ekaparvasu cānekaparvasu ca ekapadeṣvanekapadeṣu ca | tadyathā,daṇḍya ityekapadastaddhitaḥ || vārṣyāyiṇirityanekapadaḥ | anekāni hyeṣa padāni svātmanyantarṇīya pravarttate | tadyathā,-vṛṣasyāpatyaṃ vārṣyaḥ, vārṣyasyāpatyaṃ vārṣyāyaṇaḥ, tasyāpi vārṣyāyaṇiriti | evaṃ samāseṣvapyekapadeṣu caivaṃ nirbrūyāt | yathā vakṣyāmaḥ,–ekaśeṣa ekapadaḥ samāsaḥ 'sarūpāṇāmekaśeṣa ekavibhaktau (pā0 1, 2, 64)'—iti | tadyathā,puruṣaśca puruṣaśca puruṣau, puruṣaśca puruṣaśca puruṣaśca puruṣā ityevam | “dvigurdvandvo'vyayībhāvaḥ karmadhāraya eva ca | pañcamastu bahuvrīhiḥ ṣaṣṭhastatpuruṣaḥ smṛtaḥ ||” ete'nekapadāḥ samāsāḥ | pāṇineḥ sūtram,-'saṃkhyāpūrvo dviguḥ (pā0 2, 1, 52)' | pañcamūlī, pañcarathī, daśarathī-ityevamādi || sūtram,-'cārthe dvandvaḥ (pā0 2, 1, 29)' | sa ca punarvibhāṣayaikavad bhavati | tadyathā-plakṣaṇyagrodhau, ahinakulam, bhīmārjjunavāsudevā ityādi | upasarganipātapūrvako'vyayībhāvaḥ | tadyathā,-upamaṇikam, anusamudram, vyabhram ityevamādi || tulyavibhaktiliṅgayorubhayoḥ padayoḥ samānādhikaraṇaḥ karmadhārayaḥ | tadyathā,-kṛṣṇamṛgaḥ, raktāśvaḥ, śvetapatākā ityevamādi || eteṣvekaparvasu cānekaparvasu ca taddhitasamāseṣu pūrvaṃ pūrvameva nirbrūyādaparamaparameva pravibhajya vigṛhyetyarthaḥ | pūrvaṃ taddhitārthaṃ nirbrūyāt, paścāt padārtham | samāseṣvapi,-pūrvvaṃ samāsārtham, paścāt padārtham |
16.11
tadetat udāharaṇaireva darśayati, tadyathā—“daṇḍyaḥ puruṣo daṇḍamarhatīti vā daṇḍena sampadyata iti vā” | daṇḍya ityeṣa taddhitaḥ, puruṣaśabdāviśeṣaṇam | pūrvaṃ tāvat taddhitārthaṃ nirvakṣyati tataḥ padārthaṃ nirvakṣyati–kasmiṃścidaparādhe daṇḍamarhatīti daṇḍyaḥ, daṇḍena vā kārṣāpaṇādinā yaḥ sampadyate saṃyujyate sa daṇḍyaḥ || adhunā padārthanirvacanam,-“daṇḍo dadaterdhārayatikarmaṇaḥ” | dadateḥ dhārayatyarthe varttamānasya, dhāryyate hyeṣo'parādheṣu rājabhiḥ |
āha-dṛṣṭaḥ punaḥ kvacit prayogo dadateḥ dhārayatyarthe ? iti | ucyate-dṛṣṭo vede loke ca| vede tāvat,-"viśve̍de̱vāḥ puṣkare̍ tvā dadanta ( ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 3, 24, 1 )"-iti || "akrūro dadate maṇimityabhibhāṣante" || tathā loke, -akrūro dadate maṇim | akrūro nāma rājā vṛṣṇyandhakādhipatiḥ, sa dadate maṇiṃ syamantakanāmānaṃ śira̍sā || loke'pyevaṃ dadatirdhāraṇārthe bhāṣyate || "damanādityaupamanyavaḥ" damanād daṇḍa ityaupamanyava ācāryoṃ manyate | tena hi adānto damyate rājabhiḥ, tenādāntān damayedityuktam, loke hi prasiddho yaḥ kaścidadānto bhavati tamadhikṛtya vaktāro bhava̍ti-“daṇḍamasyākarṣateti garhāyām” || daṇḍa masyākarṣata he sabhāsadaḥ ! tena samprayatāmayaṃ tato dānto bhaviṣyati, ityevamayaṃ garhāyāṃ dṛṣṭaḥ | evaṃ damanād daṇḍaḥ, ityaupamanyava ācāryoṃ manyate |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit