Yāska's Nirukta 28
Niruktavṛtti 28
- Language
- Sanskrit
28.1
"vāṅnāmānyuttarāṇi saptapañcāśat |” meghanāmaprasaktau “de̱vānā̱ṃ māne”—ityeṣa mantro vyākhyātaḥ | prakṛtamidānīmucyate,–vāṅnāmānīti | vāco nāmāni vāṅnāmāni uttarāṇi prakṛtebhyo meghanāmabhyaḥ | megheṣveva hi bhūyasī vāg bhavati iti tato vāṅnāmāni bhavanti || kiyanti punastāni?“saptapañcāśat”sapta ca pañcāśacca saptapañcāśat 57| katamāni punastāni ? “ślokaḥ, dhārā, iḷā”—ityevamādīni | śrūyate iti ślokaḥ | dhriyate taṃtamarthamavadhārayitumiti dhārā | taṃtamartha prati īṭṭe gacchatīti iḷā | ityevamādyabhyūhitavyam |
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28.2
āha--“vāk kasmāt” ? ucyate- “vace” dhātoḥ ( adā0 pa0 ) | ucyate'nayeti vāk |
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28.3
“tatra sarasvatītyetasya” tatra tasmin, saptapañcāśatke vāṅnāmagaṇe sarasvatītyetasya nāmnaḥ “nadīvad devatāvacca nigamā bhavanti” nadyarthayuktāśca devatārthayuktāścetyarthaḥ |
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āha-“udakaṃ kasmāt” ? ucyate-“unnattīti sataḥ” taddhi yatra gacchati tatra unatti kledayati | 'undī-kledane ( svā0 pa0 )' | sata iti kārakāvadhāraṇaṃ pūrvavat |
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28.4
“tat” tatraivaṃ sati, “yat” abhidhānaṃ “devatāvat” “tat” adhikṛtya “upari-
athaitannadīvat“atha” punaḥ yat “etat” “nadīvat” tad vyākhyāyate-
i̱yaṃ śuṣmai̍ḥ śoṣaṇaiḥ||śuṣmamiti balanāma śoṣayatīti sataḥ|| bisaṃ. bisyaterbhedanakarmaṇo vṛddhikarmaṇo vā || sānu samucchritaṃ bhavati samunnatamiti vā || mahadbhirūrmibhiḥ pārāvataghnīṃ pārāvāraghātinīm | pāraṃ paraṃ bhavati | avāramavaram| avanāya supravṛttābhiḥ śobhanābhiḥ stutibhiḥ sarasvatīṃnadīṃ karmabhiḥ paricarema |
athaikapadaniruktam |-“śuṣmamiti balanāma” taddhi “śoṣayatīti sataḥ” sata iti 'kārakāvadhāraṇam | viparyayeṇāpi hyabhidhānānāmartho bhavatyevaṃ manyamāno bhāṣyakāro balanāmasu paṭhitamapi sadetadabhidhānamevamāha-śuṣmamiti balanāmeti | “bisaṃ, bisyaterbhedanakarmaṇaḥ” taddhi bhidyate || “vṛddhikarmaṇo vā” varddhate hi tat || “sānu” samastaṃ hi tat “ucchritaṃ bhavati || samunnunnamiti vā” athavā ūrddhaṃ nunnaṃ preritaṃ bhavati || “pāraṃ paraṃ bhavati” avarasmāt kulāt || “āvāram” eva “avaram” bhavati parasmāt kulāt || asyāmṛci taviṣebhiḥ, ūrmibhiḥ, pārāvataghnīm--ityetad viśeṣyaṃliṅga nadīmattvaṃ paśyatā bhāṣyakāreṇa “athaitannadīvat”— ityuktyā iyamṛgupāttā | sarasvatīśabdasya nadyabhidhāyakatve iyaṃ punarmaitrāyaṇīpake “utasyārnaḥ sarasvatī”-ityasya ṣaḍṛrcasyottamā | etacca punaḥ ṣaḍarcam, ṣaḍarcānukrameṇa ca “sārasvatī dhenuṣṭarīmālabheta yaḥ kṣetre paśuṣu vā vivadeta”– ityetasya paśoḥ sampadyate | seyamanena prakāreṇa sārasvatasya paśuhaviṣo yājyā bhavati| evaṃ ca sati iyamapi devatāvedityeva samupapadyate, na tvaidevatā ijyate|tadevaṃ kṛtvā bhāṣyakāreṇa yaduktaṃ "tadyaddevatāvadupapariṣṭāt tadvyākhyāsyāmo'thaitannadīvat”-iti, tadvidvadhyate || tatroktaḥ samādhiḥ,-vibhavo hyanupakṣīśaktayo mantraśabdāḥ | pradarśanamātrametat kriyate sarvathaiva mantraśabdānāṃ yo'rtha upapadyate sa yojyo yathāsambhavamiti || devatāpakṣe viniyogānuvidhānābhiprāyeṇa sarasvatī 'mādhyamikā vāk, sā girīṇāṃ meghānāṃ sānūni bhakṣayatyūrmmibhiḥ stanayitnubhiḥ pārāvāre dyāvāpṛthivyau hantīti yojyam | taviṣebhirūrmibhiḥ mahadbhirgityevamādi ca yojyam | “supravṛttābhiḥ stutibhiḥ sarasvatīṃ karmabhiḥ paricarema” gatārtham |
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“nadīnāmānyuttarāṇi saptatriṃśat” | nadīnāṃ nāmāni nadīnāmāni, uttarāṇi iti prakṛtebhya udakanāmabhya uttarāṇi, nadīnāmāni || kiyanti punastāni ? saptatriṃśat sapta ca triṃśacca saptatriṃśat 37|| kāni punastāni ? “avanayaḥ, yavhyaḥ, khāḥ, sīrāḥ”ityevamādīni | avanatena nimnena pradeśena yāntītyavanayaḥ | hvayantyo yāntīti yavhyaḥ | khātavyā bhavantīti khāḥ | sarantīti sīrāḥ | evamādi yojyam |
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28.5
āha-“nadyaḥ kasmāt” ?, ucyate-“ nadanāḥ ” “ imāḥ ” hyetāḥ “ bhavanti” “śabdavatyaḥ” śabdasaṃyuktāḥ |
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28.6
kiñca, "bahulam" "āsāṃ" nadīnām, anyadevateṣu mantreṣu "naighaṇṭukaṃ vṛttam" apradhānam | "āścaryamiva prādhānyena" kvacideva nadīdevato mantraḥ syāt | "tatretihāsamācakṣate" | yasmin sūkte pradhānā nadya eva, tatremaṃ nidānabhūtamitihāsamācakṣata iti ācāryāḥ ||"viśvāmitraḥ" nāma "ṛṣiḥ" | "sudāsaḥ paijavanasya" rājñaḥ "purohito babhūva" || "viśvāmitraḥ sarvamitraḥ" sarvasyaiva hi sa mitraṃ, sarvameva vā tasya mitramiti viśvāmitraḥ || "sarvam"-iti kimuktaṃ bhavati ? ucyate-taddhi "saṃsṛtaṃ"bhavati,-saṅgataṃ bhavatyekasmin || "sudāḥ kalyāṇadānaḥ" tasya hi nityameva praśastaṃ dānaṃ bhavati || "paijavanaḥ pijavanasya putraḥ" || "pijavanaḥ punaḥ sparddhanīyajavaḥ" tasya hi sparddhārho javo vegaḥ | atha "vā" "amiśrībhāvagatirvā" na tasya miśrībhūtapūrvā gatiranyairvegavadbhiḥ, atiśaighyāt | sasya paijavanasya viśvāmitraḥ purohito babhūva | "saḥ" paurohityopārjitaṃ "vittaṃ" dhanaṃ
ramadhvaṃ me vacasa iti | triṣṭubha etāḥ | “uparamadhva me” upetyayamupasargo mantrasya madhyādākṛṣya bhāṣyakāreṇa ramadhvamityanena kriyāpadene yojitaḥ | uparamadhvaṃ me-mama “vacase” “somyāya somasampādine” somā hi anenāsmadvacasā devatānāmannabhūtā bahavaḥ sampāditāḥ, tām̐n yūyamasmai prativiśiṣṭāya vacase satyatārtham, -kathaṃ nāma satyamidaṃ syādityevamarthamuparamadhvam, mandavegā gādhāśca bhavatetyabhiprāyaḥ | he “ṛtāvarīḥ” udakavatyaḥ | kiyantaṃ punaḥ kālamuparamadhvam ?, “muhūrttam” na ca nityameva, mandavegatāṃ gādhodakatāṃ vā prārthaye | kiṃ tarhi ? yāvaduttareyamahaṃ tāvadevetyabhiprāyaḥ | “evaiḥ” ebhirudakairatipravṛddhairuparamadhvam | “avanairvā” kāmairetairasmatprārthanāviśeṣaiḥ-uttarema, gṛhān gacchema, vittaṃ prāpayema, ityevamādibhirnimittaiḥ prārthyamānā asmābhiruparamadhvam | atha vā “ayanaiḥ” citrairgamanairvegavadbhiryairyūyamabhipravṛttāstairuparamadhvaṃ muhūrttam || yadaivamaviśeṣeṇocyamānā na śuśruvuḥ, tadaikāmuddiśya pravṛttevaktum, -“prasindhumacchā” acche abhiḥ sthāne | “ahe”ityetat padamākṛṣya “pra abhi hvayāmi” ityevaṃ yojitaṃ bhāṣyakāreṇa || kiṃ prābhihvayāmi ? “sindhum” ||| kena ?, “bṛhatī manīṣā” “bṛhatyā mahatyā manīpayā manasa īpayā” manaḥpūrvakayā “stutyā” ityarthaḥ | atha “vā” “prajñayā” kamarthamicchan prābhihvayāmi “avasyuḥ” avanamicchana, gamanamityarthaḥ | “kuśikamya sūnuḥ” ahamiti piturapi gauravānmama gauravametāḥ kuryuḥ || iti samastārthaḥ || athaikapadaniruktam |- “ṛtamityudakanāma” | taddhi deśadeśaṃ “pratyṛtaṃ bharvāta” gatamityarthaḥ | “muhūrtto muhurṛtuḥ” evaṃ vigṛhya ṛtuśabdaṃ tāvannirvravīti, “ṛturartteḥ” “gatikarmaṇaḥ” gatyarthe varttamānasya | sa hi gacchatyeva || adhunā muhuḥ śabdaṃ nirbravīti, - “muhurmuhuru iva kālaḥ” alpatvāt | mūḍha iva yaḥ kālaḥ ṛtuḥ, sa muhūrtta ityucyate | kiñca “yāvat” eva “ca abhīkṣṇaṃ” tāvānmuhūrttaḥ, yāvāṃśca muhūrttastāvadevābhīkṣṇamityarthaḥ|| sārūpyaprasaktaṃ nirucyate, -“abhīkṣaṇamabhikṣaṇaṃ bhavati” taddhi kṣaṇamābhimukhyena sthitaṃ bhavati|| “kṣaṇaṃ kṣaṇoteḥ” hiṃsārthasya (tanā0 u0) | sa hi “prakṣaṇutaḥ” prakarṣaṇa hiṃsitaḥ “kālaḥ” alpatvāt | “kālaḥ kālayatergatikarmaṇaḥ” | sa hi sarvāṇyeva bhūtāni kālayati kṣayaṃ nayatītyarthaḥ | “kuśiko rājā”-iti tattvavacanam | “krośateḥ” vā śabdārthasya (bhū0 pa0) | sa hi sādhveva kriyatāmiti nityakālameva krośati | “kaṃśatervā syāt” prakāśayatyarthasya, sa hi prakāśayitā sādhūnāṃ dharmāṇāmātmanaiva prakāśakaḥ | atha “vā” “sādhuvikrośayitārthānāmiti” sādhuṣu brāhmaṇeṣu vikrośayitā arthānāṃ dātetyarthaḥ |
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nadyaḥ pratyūcuḥ || evamuktavantaṃ “nadyaḥ pratyūcuḥ”-
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit