Yāska's Nirukta 39
Niruktavṛtti 39
- Language
- Sanskrit
Contents
- 39.20 — 4 parts
39.2
“vyāptikarmāṇa uttare dhātavo daśa” | saṃgrāme hītaretara vyāpnuvanti yodhā iti saṃgrāmanāmabhyaḥ uttare vyāptikarmāṇaḥ samāmnātāḥ || kiyantaḥ ? daśa 10 || katame punaste ? iti | “invati, nanaikṣe”—ityevamādāyaḥ |
39.3
“tatra” daśake vyāptikarmadhātugaṇe ete “dve nāmanī” bhavataḥ ākṣāṇaḥ 3 iti, āpānaḥ 6 iti ca | tatra, “ākṣāṇa ānuvānaḥ” yo hi aśnoti vyāpnoti sa ākṣāṇa ityucyate || tathā ca ya āpnoti saḥ “āpnuvānaḥ” san “āpānaḥ” ityucyate |
10 |
39.4
“vadhakarmāṇa uttare dhātavastrayastriṃśat” | saṅgrāme hītaretaraṃ vyāpya tato ghnantīti vyāptikarmabhyaḥ uttare vadhakarmāṇaḥ samāmnātāḥ || kiyantaḥ ? trayastriṃśat 33 || katame punaste ? iti | “dabhnoti, śrathati, dhvarati, dhūrvati”-ityevamādayaḥ |
10 |
39.5
“tatra” vadhakarmadhātumadhye “viyāta ityetat” nāma | tatpunarevaṃ nirvaktavyam, “viyātayate” nānāprakāraṃ yātayate yaḥ śatrūn sa viyātaḥ | atha “vā” evamanyathā syāt“viyātaya” śatrūn iti evamucyate yaḥ stotṛbhiḥ, sa viyātaḥ |
10 |
39.6
“ākhaṇḍaleti” etadapi nāmaiva | nigamamapi cātra darśayati, -“ākhaṇḍala prahū̍yase” ābhimukhyenāvasthito yaḥ khaṇḍayati meghān, sa ākhaṇḍayitā, tasya sambodhanam | he “ākhaṇuyitaḥ !” | irimbiṭhirnāma kaṇvo mantradṛk | tasyeyamārṣam | gāyatrī | aindrī | rātriparyāyeṣu maihārātrike paryāye hoturīya śasne viniyuktā || “śāca̍igo śācipūjanāyaṃ raṇā̍ya te su̱taḥ | ākhaṇḍa̍la̱ prahū̍yase || (ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 1, 24, 2)” || śācigo iti caika padam | śacīti karmanāma | tasya śacyākhyasya karmaṇo yeyamiṣṭipaśusomādilakṣaṇā santatiḥ, sā śāciḥ | athavā svārthika etra taddhitaḥ syāt | śacyeva śāciḥ | tā pratyāhūyamāno yo gacchati, sa śācigurindraḥ, tasya sambodhane he ‘śācigo’ ! iti| tathaivai śacyā ya āgataḥ san pūjyate sa śācipūjanaḥ,tasya sambodhana he‘śācipūjana!’ he ‘ākhaṇḍala’ ākhaṇḍayitaḥ ! śatrūṇā meghānā vā| iyamasmābhiḥ prastutā śacī yāṃ prati te nityamabhiṣṭamārgata yathā ca pūjyase tvamāgataḥ san | kiñca, etasyā ca śacyāmasmina karmaṇi ‘ayaṃ’ ‘raṇāya’ramaṇāya ‘te’tava‘sutaḥ’abhiṣataḥ somo yato'smābhiḥ tvaṃ ‘prahūyase’ prakarṣeṇādaravadbhirāhūyase āhūyame | sa evametajjñātvā asmadanugrahāya anatītakālamāgantu marhasītyabhiprāyaḥ |
10 |
39.7
ākhaṇḍalaśabde'lpataraṃ vaktavyam, bahutaraṃ taḍicchabde iti kramabhedaito nirucyate,"taḷidityantikavadhayoḥ saṃsṛṣṭakarma" | taḍidityetacchabdarūpamantikābhidhāyi vadhābhidhāyi ca ityekameva hyetadubhābhyāmarthābhyāṃ samprayujyate || [ vidyudapi ca taḍidityucyate | sā punaḥkarttari kārake ] "tāḍayatīti sataḥ" |
10 |
39.15
“kṣipranāmānyuttarāṇi ṣaḍviṃśatiḥ” | gatisambandhādeva kṣipranāmāni uttarāṇi samāmnātāni || kiyanti punastāni ? ṣaḍviṃśatiḥ ṣaṭ ca viṃśatiśca ṣaḍviṃśatiḥ 26 || katamāni punastāni ? “nu, makṣu, dravat”-ityevamādīni | nunna iva hi kṣipraṃ gacchatīti nu | māṃ kṣiṇoti māṃ kṣiṇotīti sarva eva hi kṣipragāminaṃ manyante iti makṣu | dravat dravateḥ | ityevamādi |
3 |
9 |
39.16
āha-“kṣipraṃ kasmāt” ? ucyate-“vikarṣaḥ” vikṛṣṭo vikṣipto'rthaḥ “saṅkṣiptaḥ” kṣipram-ityucyate |
3 |
9 |
39.17
“antikanāmānyuttarāṇyekādaśa” | ya eva hi kṣipraṃ gacchati, sa evābhipretārthasya antike samīpe,-bhavatīti kṣipranāmabhyaḥ uttarāṇi antikanāmāni || kiyanti ? ekādaśa 11|| katamāni punastāni ? “taḷit, āsāt”- ityevamādīni | tāḍyate'smin pradeśe'vasthita iti taḷit ‘taḍit’ ityucyate | antikapradeśo ya āsannaḥ sa āsāt | ityevamādi yojyam |
3 |
9 |
39.18
āha-“antikaṃ kasmāt”?ucyate-taddhi“ānītaṃ bhavati”sannikṛṣṭatvāt |
3|
9|
vyāptikarmāṇa uttare dhātavo daśa |
3 |
10 |
39.19
“saṃgrāmanāmānyuttarāṇi ṣaṭcatvāriṃśat” | saṃgrāmasya nāmāni saṃgrāmanāmāni uttarāṇi prakṛtebhyo'ntikanāmabhyaḥ, antikībhūtānāmeva hi saṃgrāmo bhavatītyantikanāmabhya uttarāṇi saṃgrāmanāmāni || kiyanti punastāni ? ṣaṭcatvāriṃśat 46 || katamāni punastāni ? “raṇaḥ, vi̱vā̱ka, nada̱nuḥ”— ityevamādīni | raṇantyasmin śūrā iti raṇaḥ| vividhā śūrāṇāmatra vāga bhavatīti vivāka | nadantyasmin śūrā iti nadannuḥ| ityevamādi yojyam |
3 |
9 |
39.20.1
āha–“sagrāmaḥ kasmāt” ? ucyate-“saṅgamanādvā” saṅgacchante hi paraspareṇa tatra yodhāḥ || “saṃgaraṇād vā” sagṛṇanti saśabdāyante śūrā yatra paraspareṇa | “saṅgatau grāmāviti vā” | grāma iti saṅghāta ityucyate | parasparaṃ jigīṣayā samāgatau tatra bhavataḥ | 3 | 9 | “tatra”ṣaṭcatvāriṃśatke saṃgrāmanāmagaṇe “khala–ityetasya” nāmnaḥ “nigamāḥ” sandigdhāḥ “bhavanti” || itaro'pi dhānyakhala ityucyate, saṃgrāmo'pi ca | tatraivaṃ sati asyāmṛci vakṣyamāṇāyāṃ ‘khale na parṣān’ iti vyapadeśād vibhāgo lakṣyate śasyakhalasaṃgrāmakhalayoḥ- abhibhavāmīdamekameko'smi niṣpahamāṇaḥ sapatnānabhibhavāmi | dvau kiṃ mā trayaḥ kurvati || eka itā saṃkhyā || dvau drutatarā saṃkhyā || trayastīrṇatamā saṃkhyā || catvāraścalitatamā saṃkhyā || aṣṭāvabhroteḥ || nava na vananīyā, nāvāptā vā || daśa daśtā, dṛṣṭārthā vā|| viṃśatidvirdaśataḥ || śataṃ daśadaśataḥ || sahasraṃ sahasvat || ayutaṃ niyutaṃ prayutaṃ tattadabhyastam || arbudo megho bhavati | araṇamambu taddo'mbudaḥ, ambumadbhātīti vā | ambumadbhavatīti vā | sa yathā mahān bahurbhavati varṣestadivārvudam | "khale na parṣān pratihanmi bhūri |” khala iva parṇān pratihanmi bhūri | khala iti saṃgrāmanāma khalatervā skhalatervā | ayamapītaraḥ khala etasmādeva samāskanno bhavati | “kiṃ mā nindanti śatravo'nindrāḥ|" ya indraṃ na vividurindro hyahamasmyanindrā itara iti vā | 1 ||
39.20.2
‘dvau’ apyāgatau eka eva abhibhavāmi || “kim” “u” “trayaḥ” “karanti” trayo'pi yugapadāgatāḥ santaḥ ekākino'pi mama kiṃ kurvanti ? na kiñcidapītyabhiprāyaḥ | kiṃca, “khale na parṣān” gāhyamāne hanyamāne gamyamāne'nne | ekaḥ khalaśabda upamānam, upamāsambandhāt, yathā khale khalasthāne karṣakeṇa parṣān bahūnapi sañcitān pūlān apratiṣendhena kṣudyeran, evamahamapi bhūrinapi śatrunāgatān kṣaṇādeva tairapratibadhyamānaḥ “hanmi” | tamevaṃprabhāvaṃ santaṃ “mā” māṃ “kiṃ nindanti śatravaḥ ?” nāhaṃ nindarāhaḥ, stavyo'hamityabhiprāyaḥ | api ca “anindrāḥ” “ye” mām “indraṃ na viduḥ” yāthorthyataḥ, te kathamavijñāyaiva māṃ nindanti ? naitannyāyyamityabhiprāyaḥ | “anindrā itara iti vā” vā athavā anindrāḥ santaḥ ātmanā, kathamabhindraṃ santaṃ māṃ nindanti ? nanu nāmendratvenaiścāhamatiriktastebhyaḥ | atha kathamitare māṃ nindanti anindrāḥ santo na lajjantītyabhiprāyaḥ || iti samastārthaḥ ||
39.20.3
athaikapada niruktam -“eka itā saṃkhyā” gatā saṃkhyātvaṃ prāptetyarthaḥ | dvyādikaṃ vāpīya gatā || “dvau drutatarā saṃkhyā” ekasyāḥ sakāśāt || “trayastīrṇatamā saṃkhyā” dvayoḥ sakāśāt || prasaktānuprasaktamucyate,–“catvāraścalitatamā saṃkhyā” tribhyaḥ sakāśāt || “aṣṭāvaśnoteḥ” te hi sapta saṃkhyā vyāpya varttante || “nava” iti yā saṃkhyā, sā “na vananīyā” na sambhajanīyā bhavati | navasaṃkhyāyuktāyāṃ hi tithau na kaścidapyārambhaḥ kriyate || “daśa” iti yā saṃkhyā, sā “dagtā” dṛṣṭāntaiva hi saṃkhyā bhavati || “dṛṣṭārthā vā” dṛṣṭārthaiva hi daśānāmupari punaḥ punaḥ dṛśyate saṃkhyā | tadyathā, -ekādaśetyevamādi | tasmād dṛṣṭārthadarśanāda daśetyucyate || “viṃśatirdvidaśataḥ” dviṃ: daśa (dva) viṃśatirityucyate || “śataṃ daśadaśataḥ” daśadaśataḥ samuditāḥ śatamityucyate || “sahasraṃ sahasvat” | saha iti valanāma, tena tadvan, durbalānāpi sahasraṃ samudita balavadeva bhavati saṅghātavalīyastvāt || “ayutaṃ niyutaṃ prayutaṃ tattadabhyastam” sahasra daśakṛtvo'+yastamayutamābhiśrībhūtamayutamityucyataṃ || ayutamapi daśakṛtvo'bhyastaṃ niyutabhityucyate|| niyatamapi daśakṛtvo'bhyastaṃ prayutamityucyate|| athārbudaśabdānirvivakṣayā “arbudo megho bhavati” | ambudaśabdaṃ nirvacan-ambuśabdaṃ nirvakti,– “araṇam” araṇaśīlam-gamanaśīlam “ambu” || “tadaḥ” tasya dātā meghaḥ, saḥ “ambudaḥ” ityucyate “sa yathā” udakabhāvamāpadyamānaḥ “mahān bahurbhavati varṣan tadvivārvudam” tadviva varṣan tadapi varṣādviva yadvahu dravyajātaṃ bhavati, tadarbudamityucyate ||
39.20.4
“khala iti saṃgrāmanāma khalatervā” bhraiśyatyarthasya, bhraśyanti hi tatra yodhāḥ || “skhalatervā” hisārthasya, hiṃsyante hi tatra paraspareṇa || “ayamapītaraḥ khalaḥ” dhānyakhalaḥ “etasmādeva” tatrāpi hi bhraśyanti cūrṇyamānāni dhānyāni || hiṃsyante vā, cūrṇyanta ityarthaḥ| athavā “samāskannaḥ” asau “bhavati” viprakīrṇaiḥ dhānyaiḥ | 3 | 10 | 1 ||
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit