Yāska's Nirukta 4
Niruktavṛtti 4
- Language
- Sanskrit
4.1
āha- etebhyo bhāvavikārebhyaḥ kimanye'pi vyatiriktāḥ santi bhāvavikārāḥ, na vā ? iti | ucyate--" ato'nye bhāvavikārā eteṣāmeva vikārā bhavantīti ha smāha " ! ato bhāvavikāraṣaṭkādye'nyatvena bhāvavikārāḥ lakṣyante, na te pṛthakpṛthagatyantabhinnā santi | kintarhi ?, eteṣāmeva vikārā bhavanti | tadyathā--janiśabdavācyo bhāvavikāro'nekaprabhedabhinno'nekaparyyāyaśabdavacano niṣpadyate'bhivyajyate, uttiṣṭhatītyevamādyupekṣitavyam | tathā astiśabdavācyo'nekaprabhedabhinno'nekaparyyāyavacanaśca asti, vidyate, bhavatītyevamādi | tathā vipariṇamatiśabdavācyo vipariṇamate, jīryyati, bhāvāntaramāpadyata ityevamādi | tathā varddhatiśabdavācyo varddhate, puṣyati, upacīyate, arthīyata ityevamādi | tathā apakṣīyatiśabdavācyo dhvaṃsyati, bhraśyatītyevamādi | tathā vinaśyatiśabdavācyo vinaśyati, mriyate, vilīyata ityevamādi | " iti ha smāha " | ka evamāha? ācāryoṃ vāṣṇyaryāṇarityanuvarttate |
3 |
4.2
"te yathāvacanamabhyūhitavyāḥ " | ta ete janyādiśabdavācyāḥ vikārāḥ, yathāvacanaṃ yo yasminvacane yathāvacanamavasthitāḥ santaḥ prakaraṇopapattibhyāṃ mantrārthanirdhāraṇaṃ prati abhyūhitavyāḥ vitarksaḥ prayujyamānā iti vākyaśeṣaḥ | sarva eva dhātavo bhāvavacanāsteṣāmihādhyayane prāpte śāstrātigauravabhayādetalakṣaṇamutsṛṣṭam | iha śāstre vyākhyāśailīya dṛśyā-uddeśo, nirdeśaḥ, pratinirdeśa iti || tatroddeśaḥ sūtrasthānīyaḥ | tadyathā-' ṣaḍ bhāvavikārāḥ ' iti || nirdeśo vṛttisthānīyaḥ | tadyathā--'jāyate'sti vipariṇamate' iti || pratinirdeśo vārttikasthānīyaḥ | tadyathā- 'jāyata iti pūrvabhāvasyādimācaṣṭe' iti | evaṃ sarvatra yathāsambhavaṃ yojyam |
4.3
sānuṣaṅgamuktaṃ nāmākhyātayorlakṣaṇaṃ, nāmnastu kiñcidavaśiṣyate, tadavasaraprāptamapi sadadhunā nocyate, padacatuṣṭvalakṣaṇapratijñāvyāghātabhayāt, uktvā padacatuṣṭvalakṣaṇaṃ caturthena pādena ( a. 1, khaṃ. 12 ) tadvakṣyāmaḥ .|| pratijñāprasaktamevādhunopasargalakṣaṇamucyate || āha-vakṣyati bhavānupasargalakṣaṇamidameva tāvaducyatām-kimime upasargā nāmākhyātavat padacatuṣṭrānniṣkṛṣya baddhāḥ sato'rthānāhuḥ ? | 'na' ityucyate-
| neti pratiṣedhe | niṣkṛṣya nāmākhyātamadhyāt, baddhāḥ padavākyarūpeṇa viracitāḥ santaḥ | ke punaste ? | 'upasargāḥ | ākhyātamupagṛhyārthaviśeṣamime tasyaiva sṛjantītyupasargāḥ ||
niścayena sato'rthānāhuḥ | sākṣānna teṣāmarthābhidhānaśaktirasti, pṛthagviracitānāmityabhiprāyaḥ || yathā varṇānāṃ padādapagatānāmarthābhidhānaśaktirnāsti, evameteṣāmapi nāmākhyātaviyoge'rthābhidhānaśaktirnāsti || ka evamāha?, śākaṭāyanaḥ | śakaṭasyāpatyaṃ naḍādipāṭhāt phak, śākaṭāyanaḥ |
4.4
āha-kathaṃ teṣāmarthavattveti ? | ucyate-
tuśabdo'vadhāraṇārthaḥ | nāmākhyātayoreva yo'rthaḥ karma, tatraiva viśeṣaṃ kañcidupasaṃgṛhya dyotayanti | sa eṣa nāmākhyātayorevārthaviśeṣa upamargasaṃyoge sati vyajyate | yathā pradīpasaṃyoge dravyasya guṇaviśeṣo'bhivyajyamāno dravyāśraya eva bhavati, na pradīpāśrayaḥ ||
4.5
āha-konyathā bravīti yenaivamucyate ' śākaṭāyana evamāheti ' ? | śṛṇu--“
| uccāścāvacāśca uccāvacāḥ, bahuprakārā ityarthaḥ | eṣāmupasargapadānāṃmarthāḥ padārthā bhavanti viyuktānāmapi nāmākhyātābhyāmiti gārgyaḥ ācāryo ' manyate ' iti vākyaśeṣaḥ || ekaiko'pyeṣāṃ prādīnāṃ nāmākhyātaviyoge'pi anekārtha ityabhiprāyaḥ | tadyathā- 'pra-ityādikarmīdīṇāṃ bhṛśārthe ' ityabhidhāna śaktirastyevetyevamādyupalakṣitavyaṃ lakṣaṇaśāstre || yat punaretaduktam ' varṇavad ' iti, ' anabhyupagamādayukam ' na hyabhyupagatamasmābhiretad 'anarthakā varṇāḥ ' iti | sāmānyā hi varṇeṣvabhidhānaśaktirastyeva | yathā mṛdovayaveṣu sarvamṛnmayabhāṇḍārambhaśaktiḥ | sā tu padatvena samuditānāmarthaviśeṣe'vatiṣṭhate | yathā mṛdo'vayavānāṃ ghaṭe ghaṭārambhaśaktirabhivyajyate evam| tatra yaduktaṃ “varṇavadanarthakā upasargāḥ, nāmākhyātaviyogāt-” iti, etadayuktam | api ca-varṇairanarthakairābhyamāṇaṃ padamapyanarthakameva syāt | na hyaśukaistantubhirārabhyamāṇaḥ paṭaḥ śuklo bhavati | tataśca padairanarthakairābhyamāṇaṃ vākyamanarthakameva syāt | vākyaiścānarthakairārabdhaṃ śāstramapyanarthakameva syāt | tataścābhyudayaniḥśreyasārtho yo'yamabhyudyamaḥ svapratyayena viduṣāmayamanarthaka eva syāt | aniṣṭaṃ caitat | tasmādarthavanto varṇā ityupapannam || yat punaretaduktaṃ---' pradīpavadanarthakā upasargāḥ' iti | tatrocyate--pradīpo'pi svenārthena prakāśākhyenārthavāneva satyāpa cārthavattve prakāśyamarthamādhārabhūtaṃ pratyāyayan svāṃ prakāśanaśaktimabhivyanakti | evamupasargā arthavanto'pi santaḥ svārthābhidhānaśaktimanekaprakārāṃ vidyamānāmapi svārthābhidhānaśaktyādhārabhūte nāmākhyāte pratyāyya abhivyañjayeyuḥ || tatra yadukam [ 'pradīpavadanarthakā upasargāḥ' iti, etadayuktam ]--' nāmākhyātayorevāsāvartha upasargasaṃyoge sati upajāyate' iti | tatra brūmaḥ--na hi loke yo yatra samartho bhavati, sa tatrānyamapekṣate | nāmākhyāte cārthaviśeṣaṃ pratyupasargasaṃyogamapekṣete | tasmādupapannamupasargasya kriyāviśeṣo'rthaḥ | kriyāsāmānyamātramākhyātasyeti |
4.6
tatra yaduktam ' anarthakāḥ pṛthagvasthitā upasargāḥ'--iti | tadayuktam | kutaḥ ? "tadya eṣu padārthaḥ prāhuārame tam" | tadetadupapannaṃ bharyāt--ya eṣūpasargeṣu svo'nekaprakāro'rtha iti prāhugeva tamime upasargāḥ padāviśeṣāḥ pṛthagapi santaḥ || kaḥ punarasāviti ?, ucyate - "nāmākhyātayorthavikaraṇam" | arthavikriyāmityarthaḥ | tasmādarthavanta eveti |
4.7
ucyatāṃ tarhi ka eṣāṃ kasminnarthāviśeṣe vartate ? | ucyate -ayaṃ tāvat--" ā ityarvāgarthe" | tathayā--'ā parvatāt' iti | arvāgiti gamyate | anekārthattve'pi satyupasargāṇāmekaiko'rtha udāharaṇatvenocyate'rthatattvaprakāśanārtham |
4.8
pra parā-ityetāvusargāvetasyaivāṅo'rthasya prātilomyamāhatuḥ | 'pragataḥ' 'parāgataḥ'|
4.9
abhītyābhimukhyam || abhītyābhimukhyam āha --'abhigataḥ' |
4.10
pratītyetasya prātilomyam || pratīti etasyaivābheḥ prātilomyam āha-' pratigataḥ ' iti |
4.11
ati su ityabhipūjitārthe || ati su-ityetāvabhipūjitārthe varttete-'atidhanaḥ' 'subrāhmaṇaḥ' iti 1 |
4.12
nirddurityetayoḥ prātilomyam || nirddurityetayoḥ prātilomyamāha--'nirdhanaḥ' 'durbrāhmaṇaḥ' iti ||' 1 |
4.13
nyaveti vinigrahārthīyau || nyaveti vinigrahārthīyau | 'nigṛhṇāti' 'avagṛhṇāti' iti |
4.14
udityetayoḥ prātilomyam | '"uditi" ayameka eva "etayoḥ" dvayoḥ "prātilomyam" āha--'udgṛhṇāti' iti |
4.15
"samityekībhāvam" samityekībhāvārthamāha 'saṃgṛhṇāti' iti |
4.16
"vyapetyetasya prātilomyam" āhatuḥ --'vigṛhṇāti' 'apagṛhṇāti' iti |
4.17
"anviti sādṛśyāparabhāvam" āha-'anurūpamasyedam' iti sādṛśyam | 'anugacchati' ityaparabhāvaḥ |
4.18
"apīti saṃsargam" āha --'sarpiṣo'pi syāt' 'madhuno'pi syāt'|
4.19
"upetyupajanam" upajanamādhikyam--'upajāyate' |
4.20
āha-‘parikṣāvati’ iti |
4.21
“ adhītyuparibhāvam ” āha–“ aiśvaryyaṃ vā ”| ‘adhitiṣṭhati’ ‘adhipatiḥ’ iti || āha-‘nāmākhyātayostu karmopasaṃgrahadyotakā bhavanti’ ityuktam| atra nāmnaḥ karmopasaṃyogadyotakā bhavantītyevaṃ na gṛhyate | “ upasargāḥ kriyāyoge ( pā0 1, 4, 59 )”-iti prasiddho hyupasargāṇāṃ kriyāpadena yogo na nāmnā | upasargā hi kriyāṅgatvenaiva nāmānyāskandantīti |