Yāska's Nirukta 42
Niruktavṛtti 42
- Language
- Sanskrit
42.1
''bahunāmānyuttarāṇi dvādaśa'' | īśvarāṇāmeva bahu [ tvaṃ ] bhavatītyataḥ īśvaranāmabhyaḥ uttarāṇi bahunāmāni || kiyanti ? dvādaśa dve ca daśa ca 12 || katamāni punastāniḥ ''uru, tuvi, puru''-ityevamādīni | uru vistāre, yaddhi bahu bhavati, tad vistīrṇaṃ bhavati | tuvi vṛddhau, yaddhi bahu bhavati, vṛddhaṃ tad bhavatīti tuvi | prāptaṃ ca sarvato bhavati pūritamiva hi bahunāma sarva bhavatīti puru | ityevamādiyuktaṃ yojyam |
3 |
13 |
42.2
āha-''bahu kasmāt''?ucyate ''prabhavati'' hi etat bahubhyo'pi dīyamānam 3|
13|
42.3
bahunāmasambandhenaiva ''hrasvanāmāni uttarāṇi'' || kiyanti ? ''ekādaśa'' 11 || katamāni punastāni ? ''kuvit, riham̐m, hrasvaḥ''-ityevamādīni | kutsitamiva hi
42.4
āha-“hrasvaḥ” kasmāt ? ucyate-“hrasateḥ” hrasito hi bhavati saḥ, mahataḥ sakāśāt |
13 |
42.5
hrasvasambandhenaiva “mahannāmānyuttarāṇi pañcaviṃśatiḥ”| hrasvāpekṣayaiva hi mahattvaṃ bhavati || kiyanti punastāni ? pañcaviṃśatiḥ 25 || katamāni punastāni ? “mahat, bradhnaḥ, ṛṣvaḥ”—ityevamādīni [bṛhattvāt bṛṃhaṇatvādvā bradhnaḥ | ṛṣvaḥreṣaṇavān | ityādi yojyam ] |
13 |
42.6
āha- “mahān kasmāt” ? ucyate- “mānena” “anyān” hrasvān “jahāti” “iti śākapūṇiḥ” ācāryoṃ manyate || atha “vā” “maṃhanīyaḥ” pūjanīyo “bhavatīti” mahān |
13 |
42.7
“tatra” tasmin mahannāmagaṇe “vavakṣitha 14 vivakṣase 15”-ityete ākhyāte || te punarame vaktervā vahatervā dhātoḥ “sābhyāsāt” |
13 |
42.8
ya eva mahāntasta eva gṛhiṇo bhavantīti mahannāmabhyaḥ “uttarāṇi gṛhanāmāni” || kiyanti punastāni ? “dvāviṃśatiḥ” 22 || katamāni punastāni ? “gayaḥ, kṛdaraḥ, harmyam”-ityevamādīni | gamyata iti gayaḥ | kṛtadaraḥ kṛdaraḥ | harmya haraṇam | ityevamādīni |
13 |
42.9
āha- “gṛhāḥ kasmāt” ? ucyate- te hi yāvadeva kiñcidāhriyate, tat sarvameva “gṛhṇanti” duṣpūratvāt |
13 |
42.10
gṛheṣvevāvasthitāḥ paricaryante paricaranti ceti gṛhanāmabhyaḥ “uttare paricaraṇakarmāṇaḥ dhātavaḥ” samāmnātāḥ || kiyantaḥ punaste ? “daśa” 10 || katame punaste ? “irajyati, vidhema, saparyati”-ityevamādayaḥ |
13 |
42.11
paricaryyamāṇānāmeva hi mukhyaṃ bhavatīti paricaraṇakarmabhyaḥ "uttarāṇi sukhanāmāni” kiyanti punastāni ! “viṃśatiḥ” 20 || katamāni punastāni ? "śimbātā, śaktyā, śātapantā" ityevamādīni | śimbātā, sukhānusambandhāddhi hṛdamagnānāmiva śarīraṃ śītībhavati | śatarā, śītatargatamava hi jalādāni sukham | śātapantā, śāntatāpameva hi sukham | evamādi |
13 |
42.12
āha—“sukhaṃ kasmāt” ? uccate 'suhitam" suṣṭhu hitametat "khebhyaḥ” indriyebhyaḥ |
42.13
''khaṃ punaḥ” indriyam, “khanateḥ” dhātoḥ | avadīrṇameva hi tasya keṣāñcidāyatanaṃ bhavati |
42.14
"rūpanāmānyuttarāṇi ṣoḍaśa" | ya eva hi sukhinasta evahi prāyo rūpavanto bhavantīti sukhanāmabhyaḥ uttarāṇi rūpanāmāni || kiyanti punastāni ? ṣoḍaśa ṣaṭ ca
daśa ca 16 || katamāni punastāni ? “nirṇiṅ, vapriḥ, varpaḥ”—ityevamādīni | nirṇiṅ nirṇīktamiva hi tad bhavati taijasatvāt | vivṛṇotyāśrayamiti vapriḥ | ityevamādi |
42.15
āha—“rūpaṃ” kasmāt ? ucyate–“rocateḥ” dīpyamānamiva hi tat prakāśaṃ bhavati |
42.16
“praśasyanāmānyuttarāṇi daśa” ya eva hi rūpavantasta eva praśasyā bhavantīti rūpanāmabhyaḥ uttarāṇi praśasyanāmāni || kiyanti punastāni ? daśa 10 || katamāni punastāni ? “asremāḥ, anemāḥ, anedyaḥ, anavadyaḥ”—ityevamādīni || asremāḥ, ‘ṣrivu gatiśoṣaṇayoḥ ( di0 pa0 )’ na srīvyati gacchatyakīrttimityasremāḥ, apāpa ityarthaḥ, kṣamārahito vā | na nīyate durmārgamityanemāḥ | anedyaḥ, anindarāhaḥ | ityevamādi yojyam |
42.17
“prajñānāmānyuttarāṇyaikādaśa” ya eva hi prajñāvantasta eva hi praśasyā bhavanti, ya eva ca praśasyāsta eva hi prajñāvanto bhavantīti praśasyanāmabhyaḥ uttarāṇi prajñānāmāni|| kiyanti punastāni ? ekādaśa ekaśca daśa ca ekādaśa 11 || katamāni punastāni ? “ketaḥ, ketuḥ, cetaḥ”—ityevamādīni || ‘kita jñāne ( bhvā0 pa0 )’, tasya ketaḥ | keturapi tasyaiva |
42.18
“satyanāmānyuttarāṇi ṣaṭ” | ya eva hi prajñāvantaḥ, ta eva hi satyavādino bhavantīti prajñānāmabhyaḥ uttarāṇi satyanāmāni || kiyanti punastāni ? ṣaṭ 6 || katamāni punastāni ? “baṭ, śrat, satrā”- ityevamādīni | vaddhamiva sambaddhaṃ satyabhūtenārthena bhavatīti baṭ | śravaṇārhametad bhavatīti śrat | evamādi |
42.19
āha-“satyaṃ kasmāt” ? ucyate-“satsu tāyate” matsveva hi tattāyate vistīryate | na hi satāṃ samīpe śakyamanṛta vaktum || atha “vā” “satprabhavaṃ bhavati” ya eva hi santasta eva hi satyaṃ vadanti |
42.20
“aṣṭau” yāni “uttarāṇi padāni” cikyadityevamādīni, te “paśyatikarmāṇaḥ” paśyatyarthāḥ “dhātavaḥ” | “cāyatiprabhṛtīni ca” tānyeva “nāmāni” bhavanti | tāni punaretāni “āmiśrāṇi” saṃsṛṣṭānītyarthaḥ | teṣāṃ prakaraṇopapadābhyāṃ viśeṣāvadhāraṇaṃ bhavati | tatra-kutra kiñcinnāma, kutra kiñcidākhyātam, - ityevameke manyante || anye punaḥ [ kim ? ]-“cikyat 1”, “vicarṣaṇiḥ 6”, “viśvacarṣaṇiḥ 7”, ityetāni nāmāni, yānyanyāni pariśiṣṭāni te dhātavaḥ, tāni punaretāni pūrvācāryaprāmāṇyāt āmiśrāṇi paṭhyante ityeva manyante |
42.21
"nava" yāni "uttarāṇi padāni" "hikaṃ, nukaṃ, sukam"-ityevamādīni, ākrutamityevamantāni, "sarvapadasamāmnānāya"| kathaṃ nāma sarvaṃ caturvidhaṃ padaprakārametasmin samāmnāye samāmnātaṃ syādityevamarthameṣveva hi navasu samāmnāteṣu ubhaye nipātopasargāḥ, darśitā bhavanti |
42.22
"athāta upamāḥ"| atha idānīm, ataḥ anantaram, upamāḥ bhavanti | tadyathā, "idamiva" 'idaṃ yathā,' 'agnina̍ye,' 'caturaścid dadamānāt,' 'brāhmaṇā vratacāriṇaḥ,' 'vṛkṣasya nu te puruhūta vayāḥ', 'jāra ā bhagam', 'meṣo bhūto'bhi yannayaḥ,' 'tadrūpaḥ,' tadvarṇaḥ, tadvat, tathā"-etā upamāḥ || sāmānyalakṣaṇamāsāṃ bravīti,- "yadatattatsadṛśamiti gārgyaḥ" | yat kiñcit arthajātam atat bhavati, tat sadṛśamiti sarūpaṃ ca, yathā-anāgniḥ khadyotaḥ, agnisarūpaśca so'gninopamīyate -'agniriva khadyotaḥ' iti evam atatsarūpeṇa guṇena guṇasāmānyāt upamīyate, ityevaṃ gārgyaḥ, ācāryoṃ manyate |
42.23
“tadāsāṃ karma” sa āsāmupamānānāmarthaḥ, yadaprasiddhataraguṇasya kasyacit prasiddhataraguṇenānyena guṇaprakāśanam || kacit punarātmanāpyupamānaṃ bhavatyeva | tadyathā-“vāyurātmopamagatiḥ” “tathā karoti sainyāni yathā kuryād dhanañjayaḥ” iti | “jyāyasā vā guṇena, prakhyātatamena vā kanīyāṃsaṃ vā'prakhyātaṃ vopamimīte” | jyāyasā vā utkṛṣṭena guṇena yo yasmin dravye utkṛṣṭo guṇaḥ tena, kanīyāṃsam anutkṛṣṭaguṇam upamimīte | tadyathā, - siho māṇavakaḥ | siṃhe śauryamutkṛṣṭam, anutkṛṣṭaṃ māṇavake, māṇavaka mṛtenopamimīte, siṃha iva māṇavako vikrānta iti | prakhyātatamena vā aprakhyātam upamimīte | prakhyātatamaścandramāḥ, aprakhyāto māṇavakaḥ, taṃ tenopamimīte- ‘candra iva kānto māṇavakaḥ’ iti |
“athāpi” kvacit “kanīyasā” guṇena “jyāyāṃsam” api santam upamimīte | tadetacchandasyeva draṣṭavyam
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit