Karnatakabhashabhushana 6
English (machine translation) 6
- Language
- English
Contents
- 6.1 — 2 parts
- 6.2 — 2 parts
- 6.3 — 8 parts
- 6.4 — 8 parts
- 6.5 — 11 parts
- 6.6 — 8 parts
- 6.7 — 8 parts
- 6.8 — 12 parts
- 6.9 — 16 parts
- 6.10 — 10 parts
- 6.11 — 6 parts
- 6.12 — 11 parts
- 6.13 — 6 parts
- 6.14 — 6 parts
- 6.15 — 13 parts
- 6.16 — 6 parts
- 6.17 — 4 parts
- 6.18 — 4 parts
- 6.19 — 4 parts
- 6.20 — 10 parts
- 6.21 — 16 parts
- 6.22 — 8 parts
- 6.23 — 13 parts
- 6.24 — 11 parts
- 6.25 — 13 parts
- 6.26 — 9 parts
- 6.27 — 11 parts
- 6.28 — 6 parts
- 6.29 — 9 parts
- 6.30 — 6 parts
- 6.31 — 10 parts
- 6.32 — 14 parts
- 6.33 — 8 parts
- 6.34 — 6 parts
- 6.35 — 5 parts
- 6.36 — 3 parts
- 6.37 — 3 parts
- 6.38 — 3 parts
- 6.39 — 3 parts
- 6.40 — 4 parts
- 6.41 — 4 parts
- 6.42 — 6 parts
6.1.1
A compound of nominal stems is a semantically unified whole.
6.1.2
A compound of nominal stems, that is, of inflected nominal words, is to be understood as having a unified meaning, an interrelated meaning.
6.2.1
The internal case inflections therein are to be elided.
6.2.2
Therein, in that compound, internal case inflections undergo elision.
6.3.1
A tatpuruṣa compound denotes the meaning of the posterior member.
6.3.2
A compound functioning in the meaning of the posterior member is designated a tatpuruṣa compound.
6.3.3
aramane,
6.3.4
soḷegēri,
6.3.5
māṅgay,
6.3.6
nīrpīre,
6.3.7
ānevālu,
6.3.8
ponnōle.
6.4.1
That very [compound] having a single referent is a karmadhāraya compound.
6.4.2
If that very tatpuruṣa compound has a single referent, it is designated a karmadhāraya compound.
6.4.3
taḷitōḷ,
6.4.4
kendaḷaṁ,
6.4.5
teḷpasiṟ,
6.4.6
permole,
6.4.7
karnneydil,
6.4.8
kaṭṭāḷ.
6.5.1
If it begins with a numeral, [it is] a dvigu compound.
6.5.2
If its initial word is a numeral, that very karmadhāraya compound is designated a dvigu compound.
6.5.3
ortale,
6.5.4
orpiḍi,
6.5.5
irkey,
6.5.6
irkaṇ,
6.5.7
mūlōkaṁ,
6.5.8
mukkoḍe,
6.5.9
nālguvudaṁ,
6.5.10
aysaraṁ,
6.5.11
ayveṇḍir.
6.6.1
An avyayībhāva compound has the meaning of the prior member predominant.
6.6.2
A compound functioning primarily in the meaning of the prior member is designated an avyayībhāva compound.
6.6.3
kiḻkeṟe,
6.6.4
kiḻpoḍe,
6.6.5
mēṅgey,
6.6.6
mēṅgāl,
6.6.7
aṅgey,
6.6.8
aṅgāl.
6.7.1
A dvandva compound has the meaning of all members predominant.
6.7.2
The conjunction of all the inflected words receives the technical term 'dvandva compound'.
6.7.3
keyvanegaḷ ['hands and houses']
6.7.4
keṟetoṟegaḷ ['tanks and streams']
6.7.5
kaṟemaṟegaḷ ['milking and concealment']
6.7.6
nāḍubīḍugaḷ ['countries and settlements']
6.7.7
biṭṭagaṭṭaṅgaḷ ['tribute-lands and mounds']
6.7.8
keykālgaḷ ['hands and feet']
6.8.1
[6.8] The bahuvrīhi compound has the external referent as primary.
6.8.2
A compound in which the meaning of another inflected word is current receives the technical term 'bahuvrīhi compound'.
6.8.3
karbuvillaṁ ['one who has a sugarcane bow']
6.8.4
kuḍuvillaṁ ['one who has a bent bow']
6.8.5
kallerdeyaṁ ['one who has a stone heart']
6.8.6
kusigoralaṁ ['one who has a thin neck']
6.8.7
nuccakkivallaṁ ['one who likes broken rice']
6.8.8
kendaleyaṁ ['one who has a red head']
6.8.9
mellaḍiyaṁ ['one who has soft feet']
6.8.10
kuṟugeyyaṁ ['one who has short arms']
6.8.11
bisugadiraṁ ['he who has hot rays', i.e., the sun]
6.8.12
taṇgadiraṁ ['he who has cool rays', i.e., the moon]
6.9.1
[6.9] A Sanskrit-matched word is compounded together with an indigenous word.
6.9.2
An inflected word that is equal to a Sanskrit inflected word is a Sanskrit-matched word. It is compounded together with an indigenous word.
6.9.3
paradēsaṁ
6.9.4
parakottaḻi
6.9.5
paraveṇ
6.9.6
parameṇḍaḷigaṁ
6.9.7
oḷgavi
6.9.8
beḷgavi
6.9.9
aḻigavi
6.9.10
kūrasi
6.9.11
mājanaṁ
6.9.12
māpātakaṁ
6.9.13
turagadaḻaṁ
6.9.14
maṅgaḷārati
6.9.15
kaḍurāgaṁ
6.9.16
poḍavīśaṁ
6.10.1
[6.10] A thematic relation [is compounded] with a semantically compatible verb form occurring next.
6.10.2
A thematic relation, such as the object, is compounded together with a semantically compatible inflected word expressing an action standing after [it].
6.10.3
ūrēṟal bandaṁ ['he came to ascend/enter the town']
6.10.4
nāḻkaḍepōdaṁ ['he went towards tomorrow']
6.10.5
teṟedettaṁ ['he lifted having opened']
6.10.6
eḻtugoṇḍaṁ ['he took dragging']
6.10.7
seṟeyirdaṁ ['he was in prison']
6.10.8
okkalpōdaṁ ['he went as tenant']
6.10.9
billettidaṁ ['he lifted a bow']
6.10.10
sēdevaḍegaṁ ['he suffers fatigue']
6.11.1
[6.11] After that which ends in a, there is m.
6.11.2
After a thematic relation ending in a that is being compounded with [a word] expressing an action, there is the augment of the phoneme m.
6.11.3
manaṅgoḷguṁ ['it captivates the mind']
6.11.4
guṇaṅgoṇḍaṁ ['he took virtue']
6.11.5
jasambaḍedaṁ ['he attained fame']
6.11.6
kaḷasamiṭṭaṁ ['he placed a finial']
6.12.1
[6.12] There is elision of that which begins with the penultimate vowel of a prior member having a substantive as posterior member.
6.12.2
Of a prior member standing in the form of a qualifier whose posterior member is a substantive, there is elision of the part beginning with the penultimate vowel.
6.12.3
kārmaḍu
6.12.4
kūrvāḷ
6.12.5
immāvu
6.12.6
innuṇisu
6.12.7
nuṇbaraṁ
6.12.8
oḷvātu
6.12.9
oḷguṇaṁ
6.12.10
oḷnuḍi;
6.12.11
oḷvānasaṁ.
6.13.1
Short e is [the substitute] for the phoneme i.
6.13.2
When elision has been made of that [segment] beginning with the penultimate vowel, the previous vowel, the phoneme i, becomes a light [i.e. short] phoneme e:
6.13.3
permaraṁ;
6.13.4
permāḷ;
6.13.5
beḷmugil;
6.13.6
beḷdiṅgaḷ.
6.14.1
And in some places not.
6.14.2
In some places, the previously mentioned short phoneme e does not occur in place of the phoneme i:
6.14.3
biṇgone;
6.14.4
biṇpoṟe;
6.14.5
niṭṭerde;
6.14.6
niṭṭerke.
6.15.1
Before [a member] beginning with a vowel, however, a long [vowel replaces] a non-heavy [member].
6.15.2
When a word beginning with a vowel follows, the substitute of a long [vowel] occurs for a prior member that is not heavy:
6.15.3
kārosaḍu;
6.15.4
kāriruḷ;
6.15.5
pēroḍal.
6.15.6
Why the qualification “non-heavy”?
6.15.7
paccōle;
6.15.8
paccōti.
6.15.9
[The rule] “and in some places not” continues to govern. Therefore here, a long [vowel] does occur:
6.15.10
īṅgoral;
6.15.11
īṅcaraṁ;
6.15.12
īṅgaḍal;
6.15.13
īmbuḷi.
6.16.1
Gemination [occurs] of ṇa, ṭa, ḷa, na, and ta.
6.16.2
When elision of the segment beginning with the penultimate vowel has been made, gemination occurs for the remaining phonemes ṇa, ṭa, ḷa, na, and ta when a word beginning with a vowel follows:
6.16.3
taṇṇelar;
6.16.4
kaṭṭāyaṁ;
6.16.5
innuṇisu;
6.16.6
kittaḍi.
6.17.1
The phoneme ṭa [replaces the part] that follows the first single vowel of the two [words] kaḍidu and niḍidu.
6.17.2
Of these two, kaḍidu and niḍidu, the phoneme ṭa replaces the segment that follows the first single vowel:
6.17.3
kaṭṭāḷ;
6.17.4
niṭṭaḍakil.
6.18.1
And of naḍu.
6.18.2
And of this [word] naḍu, the phoneme ṭa replaces the phoneme ḍa:
6.18.3
naṭṭaruḷ;
6.18.4
naṭṭaḍavi.
6.19.1
The phoneme ta [is the substitute] of kiṟidu.
6.19.2
Furthermore, the phoneme ta occurs at the end of the word kiṟidu:
6.19.3
kittaḍi;
6.19.4
kittīḷe.
6.20.1
Before consonants, they end in the phoneme u.
6.20.2
When consonants follow, those [words], beginning with kaḍidu, have the state of ending in the phoneme u:
6.20.3
kaḍugudure;
6.20.4
kaḍuvāḷ;
6.20.5
niḍudōḷ;
6.20.6
niḍuvurvu;
6.20.7
naḍuvagal;
6.20.8
naḍumane;
6.20.9
kiṟunele;
6.20.10
kiṟumiḍi.
6.21.1
The state of ending in the phoneme a for [the stems] beginning with posatu is exceptionally listed.
6.21.2
When elision of the segment beginning with the penultimate vowel occurs, the state of ending in the phoneme a is exceptionally listed for words such as posatu, paḻadu, and eḷadu:
6.21.3
posasuggi;
6.21.4
posa aḍake;
6.21.5
paḻagaḻave.
6.21.6
paḻa alagu;
6.21.7
eḷamāvu;
6.21.8
eḷa añce;
6.21.9
poṟamāṟu;
6.21.10
poṟa aḍi;
6.21.11
oḷejagaḷaṁ;
6.21.12
oḷe aṭṭaṁ.
6.21.13
Some accept uḷ- as a substitute for oḷa as well:
6.21.14
uḷvakkaṁ;
6.21.15
uḷḷāḷ;
6.21.16
uḷḷuḍe.
6.22.1
For the words keccane, beccane, and paccane, the portion beginning with c- becomes m-.
6.22.2
For the three words beginning with keccane, the portion beginning with the letter c becomes m when consonants follow.
6.22.3
keṅguḍi;
6.22.4
kendāvare;
6.22.5
bennīr;
6.22.6
bembūdi;
6.22.7
pandale;
6.22.8
pandaḷir.
6.23.1
And [they may] end in -su.
6.23.2
For them—namely keccane and so on—there is also the state of ending in -su when a consonant follows.
6.23.3
kisugal;
6.23.4
kisugāḍu;
6.23.5
bisugavir;
6.23.6
bisugal;
6.23.7
pasuvandar;
6.23.8
pasuvol.
6.23.9
Because desired forms are established through the splitting of rules, in some instances ending in -su does not occur:
6.23.10
paccaḍake;
6.23.11
paccōle;
6.23.12
beccaḍi;
6.23.13
beccōḍu.
6.24.1
And there is optionally the vowel i in place of e.
6.24.2
When the rule for ending in -su applies, the substitute i optionally replaces the vowel e.
6.24.3
kisuvol;
6.24.4
kisusañje;
6.24.5
bisunettar;
6.24.6
bisusuyil.
6.24.7
By fixed option, in some instances e alone remains, not i:
6.24.8
kēsuri;
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Linked texts (1)
- Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa — Nāgavarma II, Sanskrit