Karnatakabhashabhushana 7

English (machine translation) 7

Language: English

7.1 — 14 parts
7.2 — 5 parts
7.3 — 4 parts
7.4 — 7 parts
7.5 — 10 parts
7.6 — 8 parts
7.7 — 4 parts
7.8 — 6 parts
7.9 — 3 parts
7.10 — 6 parts
7.11 — 4 parts
7.12 — 13 parts
7.13 — 8 parts
7.14 — 10 parts
7.15 — 8 parts
7.16 — 11 parts
7.17 — 10 parts
7.18 — 8 parts
7.19 — 5 parts
7.20 — 6 parts
7.21 — 7 parts
7.22 — 11 parts
7.23 — 5 parts
7.24 — 6 parts
7.25 — 10 parts
7.26 — 9 parts
7.27 — 32 parts
7.28 — 2 parts

7.1.1

In the senses "That is his trade, craft, or office", the suffix iga [occurs].

7.1.2

In these senses—"that is his trade", "that is his craft", "that is his office"—the suffix iga occurs after a specific stem ending in a nominative case inflection in the form of tad ("that").

7.2.1

[The suffix iga occurs] in the sense of ‘he knows that’ or ‘he studies that’.

7.2.2

The suffix iga occurs in the meaning ‘he knows that’ [or] ‘he studies that’.

7.2.5

siddhāntigaṁ [‘astronomer / dogmatist’].

7.3.1

[The suffix iga occurs in the sense of] ‘he practices that’.

7.3.2

The suffix iga occurs after a stem ending in the accusative case in the meaning ‘he practices that’.

7.4.1

[The suffix] ica [occurs] in the sense of ‘born there’ or ‘being there’.

7.4.2

The suffix ica occurs after a stem ending in the locative case in the meaning ‘born there’ [or] ‘being there’.

7.4.4

alaricaṁ [‘born of flowers, i.e., Kāma’],

7.4.7

Here, shortening [of the vowel] is to be stated according to usage.

7.5.1

[The suffixes] vaḷa and vaḷḷa [occur] in the sense of ‘appointed to that’.

7.5.2

These two, vaḷa and vaḷḷa, occur after a stem ending in the locative case in the meaning ‘appointed to that’.

7.6.1

[The suffix] kāṟa [occurs] in the senses of ‘engaged in’ and ‘inclined to’.

7.6.2

The governing rule ‘there’ is in force. The suffix kāṟa occurs after a stem ending in the locative case in the two meanings ‘engaged in’ and ‘inclined to’.

7.7.1

[The suffix] vanta [occurs] in the sense of ‘that belongs to him’.

7.7.2

The suffix vanta occurs after a stem ending in the nominative case in the meaning ‘that belongs to him’.

7.8.1

[The suffix] pōl [occurs] in [the sense of] comparison.

7.8.2

When the meaning of comparison is intended to be expressed, the suffix pōl occurs after a word.

7.8.3

karivōl bhadraguṇaṁ [‘of auspicious quality like an elephant’],

7.8.4

girivōl susthiraṁ [‘firm like a mountain’],

7.8.6

manuvōl nayajñaṁ [‘versed in statesmanship like Manu’].

7.9.2

Moreover, the [vowel of] this suffix vōl is optionally short.

7.9.3

harivol indrajanāntire bhītiyiṁ [‘like Hari, when the people of Indra were inside through fear’].

7.10.1

After [a stem] ending in the vowel a, there is the augment m and the pronunciation of ba.

7.10.2

After a word ending in the vowel a, when the suffix pōl follows in the sense of comparison, there is the augment of the phoneme m, and the pronunciation of ba for the phoneme va.

7.10.3

nigaḷambōl toḍardudu [‘it bound like a chain’],

7.10.4

candrambōl toḷagittu [‘it shone like the moon’].

Like a brilliant figure carved from auspicious lapis lazuli; the Kaustubha gem / like an appearance of a cloud-bank; the conch like an opening bud of a mother-lotus / born from the navel-well; the lotus being like an elongated blue waterlily by the luster of his body: / may the supreme support of the world, adorned with the divine discus-weapon, protect this mansion of the universe.

7.11.1

[The suffix] aneya [occurs] after a numeral to express an ordinal.

7.11.2

The suffix aneya occurs after a numeral in the meaning of completing [an ordinal].

7.11.3

aydaneya cakravarti [‘the fifth emperor’],

7.11.4

jinamadanaroḷage padināṟaneyaṁ [‘the sixteenth among the Jina-Madanas’].

7.12.1

[The suffix] me [occurs] optionally in the sense of frequency.

7.12.2

The suffix me occurs optionally after numeral expressions in the sense of frequency.

7.12.3

orme [‘once’],

7.12.4

irme [‘twice’],

7.12.5

mūme [‘thrice’],

7.12.6

nālme [‘four times’],

7.12.7

nūrme [‘a hundred times’],

7.12.8

sāsirme [‘a thousand times’].

7.12.9

In the alternative—

7.12.10

ondusūḻ [‘once’],

7.12.11

eraḍusūḻ [‘twice’],

7.12.12

mūṟusūḻ [‘thrice’],

7.12.13

and so forth.

7.13.1

[The suffixes] ke and pu [occur] in the sense of abstract state (bhāva).

7.13.2

In the sense of abstract state (bhāvārtha), these two suffixes occur: ke and pu.

7.13.3

kāṇke [‘sight’ / ‘appearance’],

7.13.4

teraḷke [‘departure’ / ‘shaking’],

7.13.5

pūṇke [‘determination’ / ‘effort’],

7.13.6

tiṇpu [‘firmness’],

7.13.7

guṇpu [‘quality’ / ‘excellence’],

7.13.8

sompu [‘beauty’ / ‘luxuriance’].

7.14.1

With respect to sentient beings (cētana), [the suffixes] ike, u, me, and tana [occur].

7.14.2

When, however, an abstract state is intended with respect to sentient beings, these suffixes occur: ike, u, me, and tana.

7.14.3

mānanike [‘honourableness’],

7.14.4

āyatike [‘readiness’ / ‘dignity’],

7.14.5

urku [‘vigour’ / ‘pride’],

7.14.6

sorku [‘intoxication’ / ‘arrogance’],

7.14.7

kūrme [‘affection’],

7.14.8

perme [‘greatness’],

7.14.9

kalitanaṁ [‘bravery’],

7.14.10

āḷtanaṁ [‘valour’ / ‘manliness’].

7.15.1

[The suffix] aT [occurs] after [that which expresses] the sense of an action (kriyā).

7.15.2

After a word expressing an action, the suffix aT occurs in the sense of abstract state.

7.15.3

nōṭaṁ [‘seeing’ / ‘look’],

7.15.4

ōṭaṁ [‘running’],

7.15.5

ūṭaṁ [‘eating’ / ‘meal’],

7.15.6

śēṭaṁ [‘sport’ / ‘play’],

7.15.7

sōlaṁ [‘defeat’],

7.15.8

sālaṁ [‘adequacy’ / ‘sufficiency’].

7.16.1

After adu, idu, and ēn, [the suffix] nitu [occurs] in the sense of measure (pramāṇa).

7.16.2

After these, namely adu, idu, and ēn, the suffix nitu occurs in the sense of measure.

7.16.3

anitu [‘that much’],

7.16.4

initu [‘this much’],

7.16.5

enitu [‘how much?’].

7.16.6

Here, some prefer the doubling of the consonant t—

7.16.7

anittu,

7.16.8

inittu,

7.16.9

enittu.

7.16.10

And likewise is the usage:

7.16.11

“As much as the heavy breasts of the Kirāta maiden with lotus-petal eyes grew, / just so much in the forest did the forester / pare down his bow so as not to bend it too far.”

7.17.1

[The suffixes] ntu and ndu [occur respectively] in the sense of manner (prakāra) and of time (kāla).

7.17.2

After these, namely adu, idu, and ēn, these two suffixes ntu and ndu occur in respective order in the sense of manner and in the sense of time.

7.17.3

In the sense of manner:

7.17.4

antu [‘in that manner’],

7.17.5

intu [‘in this manner’],

7.17.6

entu [‘in what manner?’].

7.17.7

In the sense of time:

7.17.8

andu [‘at that time’],

7.17.9

indu [‘at this time’],

7.17.10

endu [‘at what time?’].

7.18.1

[The suffix] āḷi [occurs] in the sense of having a disposition toward that (tācchīlya).

7.18.2

When having a disposition toward that is intended, the suffix āḷi occurs.

7.18.3

ōdāḷi [a chronic reader / fond of reciting],

7.18.4

jādāḷi [a gambler],

7.18.5

mātāḷi [a chatterbox],

7.18.6

siggāḷi [a shy person],

7.18.7

ēṟāḷi [a climber / rider],

7.18.8

paḍapāḷi [a prostitute].

7.19.1

And kuḷa [occurs].

7.19.2

When a habitual nature is to be expressed, the suffix kuḷi also occurs.

7.19.3

aṭakuḷi [a playful person],

7.19.4

añjakuḷi [a fearful person],

7.19.5

ōḍukuḷi [a runaway / wanderer].

7.20.1

From that [which has an accusative meaning in] 'he makes that', [the suffix] gāṟa [occurs].

7.20.2

In the sense 'he makes that', the suffix gāṟa occurs after [a stem] ending in the second [case inflection indicating] 'that'.

7.20.3

maṇigāṟaṁ [a jeweler],

7.20.4

kañcagāṟaṁ [a bronze-smith],

7.20.5

baḷegāṟaṁ [a bangle-maker],

7.20.6

mālegāṟaṁ [a garland-maker].

7.21.1

After [a stem] ending in u, the augment m [occurs] diversely.

7.21.2

When the suffix gāṟa is added after a word ending in the vowel u, the augment m occurs diversely.

7.21.3

pāḍuṅgāṟaṁ [a singer],

7.21.4

jāduṅgāṟaṁ [a gambler].

7.21.5

Because of the mention of 'diversely':

7.21.6

sompugāṟaṁ [a graceful person],

7.21.7

kampugāṟaṁ [a fragrant person].

7.22.1

Likewise for -kāra in corrupted vernacular usage.

7.22.2

In the domain of words derived as corrupted forms from Sanskrit, gāṟa is the substitute for the word -kāra. And the augment m [occurs] in accordance with usage.

7.22.3

mālegāṟaṁ [a garland-maker, from mālākāraḥ],

7.22.4

sammagāṟaṁ [a leather-worker, from carmakāraḥ].

7.22.5

Because of the mention of 'diversely', elision of the initial [consonant of the suffix] is observed in karmāra and so forth:

7.22.6

karmāṟaṁ [a blacksmith],

7.22.7

kammaṟaṁ [a blacksmith],

7.22.8

kumbāṟaṁ [a potter],

7.22.9

kumbaṟaṁ [a potter].

7.22.10

And likewise is the usage of Pampa in the Bhārata:

7.22.11

"Grabbing and lifting high the bases of the tails of two rutting elephants and crushing them, / while the blood gushing from their mouths was like an eruption of fire, / Bhīma stood like a blacksmith operating the bellows."

7.23.1

In the feminine, iti also [occurs].

7.23.2

The mention of 'diversely' continues. When the feminine is to be expressed, [the suffix] iti also occurs after the previously mentioned suffixes.

7.23.3

bāṇasigiti [a female cook],

7.23.4

maḍivaḷiti [a washerwoman],

7.23.5

ghaṭṭavaḷiti [a female ferryman / toll-collector].

7.24.1

Elision of i belongs to that which undergoes modification.

7.24.2

There is elision of the vowel i of the suffix iti that follows a stem that has undergone substitution.

7.24.3

mālegārti [a female garland-maker],

7.24.4

baḷegārti [a female bangle-seller],

7.24.5

gellagārti [a victorious woman],

7.24.6

aṭagāti [a playful woman].

7.25.1

aḷ and ē also after qualitative attributes.

7.25.2

After words that denote qualitative attributes, the two suffixes aḷ and ē occur when the feminine is to be expressed.

7.25.3

oḷḷidaḷ [a good woman],

7.25.4

nallaḷ [a beloved / good woman],

7.25.5

pollaḷ [a bad woman],

7.25.6

iniyaḷ [a sweet woman],

7.25.7

camare [a slender woman],

7.25.8

pāṇpe [a virtuous woman],

7.25.9

sitage [a charming woman],

7.25.10

jāṇe [a clever woman].

7.26.1

[A stem] ending in i or u [occurs] optionally in the masculine.

7.26.2

A word form that ends in the vowel i or ends in the vowel u optionally occurs in the masculine gender.

7.26.3

nāṇili [a shameless man],

7.26.4

mātāḷi [a talkative man].

7.26.5

sondi,

7.26.6

gāḷu,

7.26.7

pāṟu.

7.26.8

Occasionally ending in a consonant:

7.26.9

maruḷ.

7.27.1

There is reduplication of an inflected word in expressing distributive repetition, onomatopoeia, frequency, repetition or intensity of an action, proximity, haste, and the like.

7.27.2

When the meanings of distributive repetition and the rest are intended to be expressed, reduplication of an inflected word occurs.

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Linked texts (1)

Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa — Nāgavarma II, Sanskrit

Karnatakabhashabhushana 7

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