Γεωγραφικά 1.4.4

1.4.4

τὸν δὲ διὰ τοῦ Βορυσθένους παράλληλον τὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι τῷ διὰ τῆς Βρεττανικῆς εἰκάζουσιν Ἵππαρχός τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐκ τοῦ τὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι καὶ τὸν διὰ Βυζαντίου τῷ διὰ Μασσαλίας· ὃν γὰρ λόγον εἴρηκε τοῦ ἐν Μασσαλίᾳ γνώμονος πρὸς τὴν σκιάν, τὸν αὐτὸν καὶ Ἵππαρχος κατὰ τὸν ὁμώνυμον καιρὸν εὑρεῖν ἐν τῷ Βυζαντίῳ φησίν. ἐκ Μασσαλίας δὲ εἰς μέσην τὴν Βρεττανικὴν οὐ πλέον τῶν πεντακισχιλίων ἐστὶ σταδίων. ἀλλὰ μὴν ἐκ μέσης τῆς Βρεττανικῆς οὐ πλέον τῶν τετρακισχιλίων προελθὼν εὕροις ἂν οἰκήσιμον ἄλλως πως (τοῦτο δʼ ἂν εἴη τὸ περὶ τὴν Ἰέρνην), ὥστε τὰ ἐπέκεινα, εἰς ἃ ἐκτοπίζει τὴν Θούλην, οὐκέτʼ οἰκήσιμα. τίνι δʼ ἂν καὶ στοχασμῷ λέγοι τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ διὰ Θούλης ἕως τοῦ διὰ Βορυσθένους μυρίων καὶ χιλίων πεντακοσίων, οὐχ ὁρῶ.

Further, Hipparchus and many others are of opinion that the parallel of latitude of the Dnieper does not differ from that of Britain; since that of Byzantium and Marseilles are the same. The degree of shadow from the gnomon which Pytheas states he observed at Marseilles being exactly equal to that which Hipparchus says he found at Byzantium; the periods of observation being in both cases similar. Now from Marseilles to the centre of Britain is not more than 5000 stadia; and if from the centre of Britain we advance north not more than 4000 stadia, we arrive at a temperature in which it is scarcely possible to exist. Such indeed is that of Ierne. Consequently the far region in which Eratosthenes places Thule must be totally uninhabitable. By what guesswork he arrived at the conclusion that between the latitude of Thule and the Dnieper there was a distance of 11,500 stadia I am unable to divine.