Γεωγραφικα 15.1.22

15.1.22

Ἐν δὲ τῇ Μουσικανοῦ καὶ σῖτον αὐτοφυῆ λέγει πυρῷ παραπλήσιον καὶ ἄμπελον, ὥστʼ οἰνοφορεῖν τῶν ἄλλων ἄοινον λεγόντων τὴν Ἰνδικήν· ὥστε μηδʼ αὐλὸν εἶναι κατὰ τὸν Ἀνάχαρσιν μηδʼ ἄλλο τῶν μουσικῶν ὀργάνων μηδὲν πλὴν κυμβάλων καὶ τυμπάνων καὶ κροτάλων ἃ τοὺς θαυματοποιοὺς κεκτῆσθαι. καὶ πολυφάρμακον δὲ καὶ πολύρριζον τῶν τε σωτηρίων καὶ τῶν ἐναντίων, ὥσπερ καὶ πολυχρώματον, καὶ οὗτος εἴρηκε καὶ ἄλλοι γε· προστίθησι δʼ οὗτος ὅτι καὶ νόμος εἴη τὸν ἀνευρόντα τι τῶν ὀλεθρίων, ἐὰν μὴ προσανεύρῃ καὶ τὸ ἄκος αὐτοῦ, θανατοῦσθαι· ἀνευρόντα δὲ τιμῆς τυγχάνειν παρὰ τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν. ἔχειν δὲ καὶ κιννάμωμον καὶ νάρδον καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἀρώματα τὴν νότιον γῆν τὴν Ἰνδικὴν ὁμοίως ὥσπερ τὴν Ἀραβίαν καὶ τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν ἔχουσάν τι ἐμφερὰς ἐκείναις κατὰ τοὺς ἡλίους· διαφέρειν δὲ τῷ πλεονασμῷ τῶν ὑδάτων ὥστʼ ἔνικμον εἶναι τὸν ἀέρα καὶ τροφιμώτερον παρὰ τοῦτο καὶ γόνιμον μᾶλλον, ὡς δʼ αὕτως καὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ, ᾗ δὴ καὶ μείζω τά τε χερσαῖα τῶν ζῴων καὶ τὰ καθʼ ὕδατος τὰ ἐν Ἰνδοῖς τῶν παρʼ ἄλλοις εὑρίσκεσθαι. καὶ τὸν Νεῖλον δʼ εἶναι γόνιμον μᾶλλον ἑτέρων καὶ μεγαλοφυῆ γεννᾶν καὶ τἆλλα καὶ τὰ ἀμφίβια, τάς τε γυναῖκας ἔσθʼ ὅτε καὶ τετράδυμα τίκτειν τὰς Αἰγυπτίας· Ἀριστοτέλης δέ τινα καὶ ἑπτάδυμα ἱστορεῖ τετοκέναι, καὶ αὐτὸς πολύγονον καλῶν τὸν Νεῖλον καὶ τρόφιμον διὰ τὴν ἐκ τῶν ἡλίων μετρίαν ἕψησιν αὐτὸ καταλειπόντων τὸ τρόφιμον τὸ δὲ περιττὸν ἐκθυμιώντων.

In the country of Musicanus there grows, he says, spontaneously grain resembling wheat, and a vine that produces wine, whereas other authors affirm that there is no wine in India. Hence, according to Anacharsis, they had no pipes, nor any musical instruments, except cymbals, drums, and crotala, which were used by jugglers.
Both Aristobulus and other writers relate that India produces many medicinal plants and roots, both of a salutary and noxious quality, and plants yielding a variety of colours. He adds, that, by a law, any person discovering a deadly substance is punished with death unless he also discover an antidote; in case he discovers an antidote, he is rewarded by the king.
Southern India, like Arabia and Ethiopia, produces cinnamon, nard, and other aromatics. It resembles these countries as regards the effect of the sun’s rays, but it surpasses them in having a copious supply of water, whence the atmosphere is humid, and on this account more conducive to fertility and fecundity; and this applies to the earth and to the water, hence those animals which inhabit both one and the other are of a larger size than are found in other countries. The Nile contributes to fecundity more than other rivers, and among other animals of large bulk, produces the amphibious kind. The Egyptian women also sometimes have four children at a birth, and Aristotle says that one woman had seven children at one birth. He calls the Nile most fecundating and nutritive, on account of the moderate coction effected by the sun’s rays, which leave behind the nutritious part of substances, and evaporate that which is superfluous.